Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hideyuki Kanematsu, Suzuka National College of Technology; Dana Barry, Clarkson University

縕 緫 緫 緱 緹 縈 縑 縕 緱 緹 縈 縑 縕 膄芷荑莒舃荃糫芷莆芮膴舃荃 苾莆舃荑荕艆芾芷 翟艆舲綌繢糫耺莆舃荑荕艆芾芷糫縈糫綋糫耺縈 翟艆舲綌糫繮糫耺莆舃荑荕艆芾芷糫縑糫綋糫耺縑Conclusions It is originally one of the great missions for engineering to enhance creativity and promotecreative thinking in youngsters. The authors hope that students develop inventive minds and thattheir delivery classes (using science fairs) will be a positive contribution to this mission. (6) Theyalso

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Cox, Purdue University; Alene Harris, Purdue University

University Page 11.1422.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 VaNTH Observation System Component AssessmentAbstract- Since 1999, the VaNTH Observation System (VOS), a direct classroom observationsystem, has been used to collect data about classroom activities within bioengineering courses.Two components of the VOS, the Classroom Interaction Observation and the Global Ratings,specifically collect data about whether observed courses contain elements of the “How PeopleLearn” (HPL) framework, as set forth in the National Research Council publication How PeopleLearn: Mind, Brain, Experience, and School.1 VOS observers use

Conference Session

New Trends in Engineering Graduate Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ernest McDuffie; Elaine R. Milliam; Robert Kavetsky; Ronald Bennett; Eugene Brown

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

NNCS Leadership Symposium: Adding a Leadership Component to Science EducationAbstractThe NSF Navy Civilian Service (NNCS) program is now in itssecond year of operation and has embarked on a course to add asignificant leadership training component for participatingstudents. This paper will describe the nature and history of NNCS,the rational for the leadership component, and a description of thesymposium itself. Also included will be a programmatic overviewfrom the perspective of its origins in ONR’s workforcedevelopment programs.NNCS has the following main three goals:• To identify and fully develop a diverse group of science,technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professionalswith advanced

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

2006-928: A SOLID-STATE MATERIALS AND DEVICES COURSE FORSOPHOMORE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTSLihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in the Padnos College of Engineering and Computing at Grand Valley State University. She received her B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. from Nankai University, China and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University. Her interests include semiconductor device fabrication, nanotechnologies and fiber optics. Page 11.120.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 An

Conference Session

On Pedagogy of Lab Courses and Their Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nobuyuki Kitashoji, Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Eiichi Sentoku, Kanazawa Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

2006-1337: IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROBLEM-FINDING ANDPROBLEM-SOLVING ORIENTED ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT COURSE IN ALARGE CLASSNobuyuki Kitashoji, Kanazawa Institute of Technology Dr.Eng., Assistant Professor Practical Engineering Education Program Nobuyuki Kitashoji is an assistant professor of the Division of Practical Engineering Education Program at the Kanazawa Institute of Technology in Japan. He has been engaged in the problem-finding and problem-solving oriented engineering experiment course since 1999, endeavoring to improve a learning environment and textbooks so that students will be able to flexibly apply an experiment to deal with problems in any field. He has experience in research in

Conference Session

Ocean, Marine, and Coastal Engineering Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Wood, Florida Tech; Brian Howell, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

2006-736: KAMIKAZE: INVESTIGATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATERVEHICLE FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND UNDERGRADUATEEDUCATION AND TRAININGBrian Howell, Western Carolina University Dr. Howell is the Program Director for Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology at Western Carolina UniversityStephen Wood, Florida Tech Dr. Wood is an Assistant Professor in Ocean Engineering at the Department of Marine and Environmental Systems Page 11.853.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 KAMIKAZE: INVESTIGATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND UNDERGRADUATE

Conference Session

Building Communities for Engineering Education Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robin Adams, Purdue University; Philip Bell, University of Washington; Cheryl Allendoerfer, University of Washington; Helen Chen, Stanford University; Larry Leifer, Stanford University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Bayta Maring, University of Washington; Dawn Williams, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

education research by examining the ISEE model. We also describe the successesand challenges experienced as we near completion of the second of three cycles, andimplications for future community building efforts. One finding is that community at the locallevel is crucial. While expanding the national community of engineering education researchersis important, scholars who are new to the field need a community of like-minded colleagues withwhom they can give and receive feedback on works-in-progress. We also found that engineeringfaculty tend to have difficulty with particular aspects of educational research, such as navigatinga new disciplinary language, utilizing qualitative research methodologies, and analyzingqualitative data. We found that

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Bonventre, HST Division, Harvard and MIT; Heather Gunter, Harvard University; Sarah Henrickson, Harvard University

on module design, to Jairam Eswara for providing the exam data from theoriginal curriculum, to Itty ‘James’ Samuel for his work implementing the tutorials, to Ragu Vijaykumarfor his work implementing the simulation, and to Professor Robert Linsenmeier of NorthwesternUniversity for his valuable insights on module design.References1. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Eds: Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., Cocking,R.R.. National Academy Press (Washington; 1999).2. Gunter H.E., Bonventre, J.V., D’Avila M.A., Sadeghpour S., Vijaykumar R. (2003), “EducationInnovation in Physiology” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education AnnualConference. Nashville, TN, June 22-25, 2003.3. Henrickson S.E., Gunter H.E

Conference Session

Curricula of the Past, Present, and Future

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yvonne Ng, College of St. Catherine; Lori Maxfield, College of St. Catherine

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

2006-142: THE PARALLEL CURRICULUM MODEL: UNDERSTANDINGENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONS TO OPTIMIZE STUDENTLEARNINGYvonne Ng, College of St. Catherine Yvonne Ng, M.S.M.E., teaches computer science and engineering for non-majors at the College of St. Catherine. Educated as a mechanical and aerospace engineer, she worked in industry as an automation design engineer and contract programmer. She made computer science a more appealing topic for her all-women undergraduate student body by presenting this technically valuable course in a more comprehensive manner. She is currently working with the college’s AS and AAS program to create pathways for students to enter technical colleges and engineering

Conference Session

Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Jarrett, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

2006-2523: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNChristopher Jarrett, Georgia Institute of Technology Chris Jarrett is Associate Director and Associate Professor of the Architecture Program at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He teaches courses on architecture and ecology, eco-tectonics, and graduate design studios addressing a range of contemporary green topics. Page 11.594.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Environmental Science / Environmental DesignAbstractEnvironmental science has formed the central part of ecological discourse in architecture. It hasbeen the

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annette Mallory Donawa; Clifton Martin, Morgan State University; Carl White, Morgan State University

2006-1392: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CRITICAL THINKING INSTRUCTIONUPON THE PREPARATION OF FRESHMAN STUDENTS TO PURSUEADVANCED DEGREES IN ENGINEERINGAnnette Donawa, Morgan State University/CAMRA Annette Mallory Donawa is currently working on her Ph.D. in Higher Education and Administration at Morgan State University. Within the NASA-sponsored Center of Advanced Microwave Research and Applications (CAMRA), she assists the Director, Dr. Carl White, with strategic planning, in addition to staff and project management. Her engineering education research is focused on assessing the impact of teaching critical thinking to African American engineering students. The goal is to prepare and motivate

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Guevara, University of Puerto Rico; Ismael Pagan-Trinidad, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Didier Valdes-Diaz, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Eileen Pesantes, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Francisco Maldonado-Fortunet, University of Puerto Rico; Miguel Pando, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2006-1605: INCORPORATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN EXPERIENCEIN THE INTEGRATED ENGINEERING PROJECT DESIGN MODELJose Guevara, University of Puerto Rico Dr. Guevara is an associate professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico, he is leading the work to make improvements to the capstone course and helping also in the improvements to the curriculum. He has also work as a structural consultant for a wide variety of projects including commercial, residential, industrial, transportation, marine facilities as well as the tren urbano.Ismael Pagan-Trinidad, University of Puerto Rico-MayaguezDidier Valdes-Diaz, University of Puerto Rico-MayaguezEileen Pesantes, University of Puerto Rico

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Sumpter, Purdue University; Deborah Follman, Purdue University; Mica Hutchison, Purdue University

highly motivating: instructorenthusiasm, demonstrated relevance through examples, instructor organization,appropriateness of difficulty level, active student participation, variety of instructionalmethods, instructor interest in students and their learning, and the use of real, concreteexamples23. Alternatively, McKeachie suggests guiding students toward developingspecific learning goals for a given course and requiring that they track their progresstoward these goals as a means of motivation24. By remaining mindful of these relativelystraightforward ways in which students may be motivated, instructors can be betterequipped to promote positive efficacy.ConclusionsBoth first-year engineering students enrolled in an honors program and those not

Collection

2006 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Philip L. Brach; Pathickal Poulose; Ahmet Zeytinci

disciplines.The primary objective is to awaken the curiosity and interest of young minds to these excitingdisciplines and hopefully to inspire and provide them with the incentive to pursue studies inthese areas. “Proceedings of the 2006 Mid-Atlantic Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education” 5GraphicsFaraday Flashlight NO Battery NO Light Bulb Faraday Flashlight Illumination vs. Time 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 Foot-Candles 30.0

Conference Session

Teaching Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Conner Seepersad; Matthew Green, LeTourneau University; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

forinstructors to evaluate student design processes10 and monitor student comprehension of andreceptivity to specific course topics, along with general feedback about the course.With enhanced student learning in mind, we have introduced semester-long learning journalassignments into undergraduate mechanical engineering design courses. The instructor guidesthe journaling activity by providing reflection questions to aid in topic selection, along withexemplary samples and a grading rubric to establish expectations. In turn, the students arerequired to write short weekly journal entries of 200-500 words that culminate in a 1000-2000word final entry at the end of the semester. In this paper, we provide an overview of the learningjournal initiative and a

Conference Session

Building Blocks for Public Policy in Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Haight, Pennsylvania State University; Richard Devon, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

foreseeable future and can develop a history of the reconstructionas it is used.These are the very broad public policy issues that ran through the instructors’ minds as we ranour classes, despite our lack of a form approach to policy 1. How hard is it to design a socio-technical system for New Orleans that would be safe? What could first year engineers do to understand the problems and redesign New Orleans. Insofar as they succeed, the implications are that the considerable levels of complexity and technological difficulty are not the issue. 2. Is the image of a devastated New Orleans coupled with poor design, poor planning and a hapless response a public policy issue for engineering in the United States. How inept and

Conference Session

Integrating H&SS in Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Riley, Smith College; Lionel Claris, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Carnot’sfascination with steam power led to statements of the second law grounded in heat engines, while Page 11.1003.6subsequent statements by Clausius became more abstract due to a quest for parsimony andelegance. It also supported students’ critical reading of the textbook’s presentation of entropyanalogies, discussed below.AnalysisWe collected a variety of evidence of student engagement with the ideas of Foucault. First, therewas the pre-assessment in which students shared what came to mind when presented with theidea of “power” and “knowledge.” Second, the students completed a reflective essay on theFoucault reading they were assigned. Third, students

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Evans; Jerry Gabriel, Cornell University

, Richard. Performance Studies: An Introduction. London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2002.14. Wenger, Etienne. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.15. National Academy of Engineering. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. Washington: The National Academy Press, 2004.16. Wertsch, James, V. Voices of the Mind: A Sociocultural Appproach to Mediated Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.17. Lave, J. & Wenger, Etienne. Situated Learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.18. Lave, J. “Situating learning in communities of practice.” In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, &

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Wankat, Purdue University

2006-61: LEARNING FROM THE ENEMY: EDUCATIONAL METHODS OFPRIVATE, FOR-PROFIT COLLEGESPhillip Wankat, Purdue University Phil Wankat is the Clifton L. Lovell Distinguished Professor in Chemical Engineering and Engineering Education at Purdue University. He earned his BSChE from Purdue, his Ph.D. from Princeton University and an MSED from Purdue University. His technical research is in separation processes and he is interested in improving teaching and learning in engineering education. Page 11.874.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Learning From “The Enemy:” Educational Methods of

Conference Session

International Exchange/Joint Programs in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Rowe, Sheffield Hallam University; Tim Mulroy, Sheffield Hallam University; Ian Robinson, Sheffield Hallam University; Boon Han Lye, Kolej Bandar Utama International College

Tagged Divisions

International

markets • ‘leading edge’ reputation in science, technology, ICT and businessWith these points in mind, the following two case examples of international engineering educationare described. In both cases, bilateral foci on educational quality, equivalence, transferability ofacademic credit, differences in academic culture and financial matters were all of high importance.However, the considerable and lengthy effort expended in the assurance and continuingmaintenance of these factors has not been described in this paper except where pertinent to theengineering educational theme.The SHU-TARC Articulation PartnershipThe Sheffield Hallam University, UK (SHU) - Tunku Abdul Rahman College, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia (TARC) articulation partnership

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blair Rowley, Wright State University; Kumar Yelamarthi, Wright State University; Thomas Bazzoli, Wright State University

engineering students and the number ofstudents involved was small. In the case of the SAE team from our university, it involved threestudents, one advisor, and a non student pilot. Recently it was reported in a local news paper thata professor in University of Dayton had introduced the concept of model plane building tofreshman engineering students1. But no further information was forthcoming. In the above cases, the time line for building and flying a plane ranged from 10 hours to months.Based on our course curriculum, it was decided that 4-5 hours per team could be allotted for thisproject. With this in mind, the criterion for this event was: • Building and flying the plane should be completed in less than 5 hours. • Every student on a team

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dennis Robbins, Borough of Manhattan Community College/CUNY; Mahmoud Ardebili, Borough of Manhattan Community College/CUNY

fundamental concepts such as heat and temperature, all the learning in the class ispurely memorization, which does not lead to problem solving ability required by anengineer. Page 11.578.6References[1] National Research Council, Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics,Engineering, and Technology (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1999).[2] Handelsman, J., Ebert-May, D., Beichner, R., Bruns, P., Chang, A., DeHaan, R., Gentile, J.,Lauffer, S., Stewart, J., Tilghman, S.M., Wood, W.B., "Scientific teaching." Science, 304(5670): 521-522(2004).[3] Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., Eds. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience

Conference Session

Topics in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Idaho State University; Michael Lineberry, Idaho State University; Karen Leibert, Idaho State University; Anne Mollberg, Idaho National Laboratory

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

undertaken with this in mind. Idaho State University may not be a good examplebecause of its small present size, but at our institution we do not cover many of the topicstaken up in the summer institute. These topics include nonproliferation, material controland accountancy, international norms of nuclear safety, nuclear law, transportation, andothers. Even where we do cover certain of these topics, the coverage is not extensive andgenerally not from an international perspective.However, even if one concedes that there is a need for WNU to fulfill a role in the globalmission of nuclear engineering education, the summer institute is only a first step. Tosucceed of course, WNU must go beyond the summer institute, and with the broadinvolvement of the

Conference Session

Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dong, Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo; Thomas Leslie, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

typically slide shows, structural drawings, skeletalmodels showing the framing scheme, plus any props required to convey the structural principalsbehind their designs to the reviewers. Students were required to keep the knowledge of theiraudience in mind, again reinforcing the concept of clear and concise communication and areminder to use simple terms to describe complex engineering principles. Three practicingengineers of with various structural expertise plus both instructors presided as the jury for thestudent presentations. Projects were reviewed for technical merit as well as architecturalsensitivity – how well was the architectural intent preserved. Most design solutions expressedthe structure to reinforce the architectural space so

Conference Session

Innovations in Biological and Agricultural Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adel Shirmohammadi, University of Maryland-College Park; Arthur Johnson, University of Maryland-College Park

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

2006-1656: EXPERIENCES WITH GROUP WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY OFMARYLANDAdel Shirmohammadi, University of Maryland-College Park Adel Shirmohammadi is Professor in the Fischell Department of Bioengineering at the University of Maryland. He joined the university in 1986 and is a Fellow of ASABE.Arthur Johnson, University of Maryland-College Park Arthur T. Johnson is Professor in the Fischell Department of Bioengineering at the University of Maryland. He came to the university in 1975, and is a Fellow of ASEE, AIMBE, BMES, AIHA, and ASABE. Page 11.617.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Otieno, Northern Illinois University; Clifford Mirman, Northern Illinois University; Abul Azad, Northern Illinois University

either replied “no”, or were undecided changed their minds afterseeing what they could achieve in 2 hours. Of special interest was the bridge building session asmost students enjoyed an environment of competition while learning how to build a strong trussstructure. This unique interaction involving design, production and structural construction wasseen to develop the student’s interest in the technical fields, and the interaction with facultyprovided them with further understanding of the needs in this important area. As a result of thisinteraction, program attendees are given the opportunity to develop an understanding of the goalsand needs within the technical professions of engineering and technology.References. 1. Illinois Department of

Conference Session

Technology in Classrooms - Construction Engineering Perspective

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Mulva, Texas State University-San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

. He has specific program management experience in numerous arenas, from retail store rollout and low-income housing to large industrial and infrastructure projects. Stephen holds a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering (Construction Engineering and Management) from the Georgia Institute of Technology, an M.S. in Civil Engineering (Construction Engineering and Project Management) from the University of Texas at Austin, and a B.S. in Architectural Engineering, also from the University of Texas at Austin. He is currently employed as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering and Technology at Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas

Conference Session

Questions of Identity

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

, or more narrowly, within their academiccareers, and are objective enough to see, to accept, and even to teach the increasinglyobvious. To see the individuality of the inhabitants of the “tech lit” frame of mind, we needonly note the diversity and disciplinary focus of authors of recent engineering reflections: Billington(civil): The Tower and the Bridge16 Florman(civil): Engineering and the Liberal Arts9 Lewis(mechanical): Masterworks of Technology17 Lienhard (aeronautical) Inventing Modern: Growing up with X- rays, Skyscrapers, and Tailfins18 Petroski(civil

Conference Session

Innovative Classroom Techniques

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patrick Brophy, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

errorsdiscovered. Using the question-and-answer technique with the 35 engineers resulted in just 20tools for evaluating results. This paper presents a detailed description of how the critical incidenttechnique was implemented along with guidelines for adapting the technique for use by otherresearchers.IntroductionAn important goal of the education process is to help students in the transition from novice toexpert in one or more areas. Beginning with the research of Newell and Simon (1972), aconsiderable body of knowledge now exists describing how people transition from novice toexpert status (Ashcraft, 2006; Solso, 1995). The major type of data used when studying problemsolving is the “verbal protocol.” The verbal protocols provide a window into the minds

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Trevisan, Washington State University; Denny Davis, Washington State University; Steven Beyerlein, University of Idaho; Phillip Thompson, Seattle University; Olakunle Harrison, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

between this performance and theinstructor’s expectations.This study sought to understand the thinking and use of classroom assessment in thecontext of engineering capstone design courses through the published literature. Relevantjournals and conference proceedings over a 10 year period were queried. Three articlesprovide detailed illustrations of formative classroom assessment strategies that could beimplemented in capstone design courses.We are currently developing assessment tools for capstone engineering courses withthese strategies in mind. Our goal is to develop tools that will enable instructors toprovide formative assessments that have the potential of benefiting the student, theproject and the course itself.Bibliography 1. Todd, R. H