Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clifton L Kussmaul, Muhlenberg College; Heidi Ellis, Western New England University; Gregory W Hislop, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Lori Postner, Nassau Community College; Darci Burdge, Nassau Community College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

solving and education. In ​Problem Solving and Education: Issues in Teaching and Research, D.T. Tuma and R. Reif, eds. Erlbaum, 1980. 9. J.D. Bransford, A.L. Brown, and R.R. Cocking, eds. ​How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning and Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council, 2000. 10. E. Stroulia, K. Bauer, M. Craig, K. Reid, and G. Wilson. Teaching distributed software engineering with UCOSP: the undergraduate capstone open-source project. In ​Proc. of the 2011 Community Building Workshop on Collaborative Teaching of Globally

Conference Session

Circuits and Systems Education 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nesreen Alsbou, Ohio Northern University; Khalid S. Al-Olimat P.E., Ohio Northern University; Vladimir A Labay, Gonzaga University; Heath Joseph LeBlanc, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

(MAC) protocols and their application in Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications and she is interested also in collision avoidance systems design and their use in the V2V communications. In addition to the wireless research, Dr. Alsbou is collaborating with the medical imaging group at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center on research projects in medical imaging. The focus of these projects is on developing new approaches to reduce image and motion artifacts in helical, axial and cone-beam CT imaging used in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. Dr. Alsbou has publications in the ASEE National Conference and attended multiple KEEN workshops, she uses ACL, PBL and EML in her classes. She has publications

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session: High-Impact Makerspaces, Transitioning from Co-op to School and Service Research

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Leaf, Eastern Washington University; Arin Seth Preston, Eastern Washington University; Donald C. Richter P.E., Eastern Washington University; Robert E. Gerlick, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Manger in industry for 20 years before teaching. His interests include project management, robotics /automation, Student Learning and Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling.Dr. Robert E. Gerlick, Eastern Washington University Dr. Gerlick is Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology at Eastern Washington University. He teaches courses in the areas of Robotics, Mechanics, Thermodynam- ics, Fluids, CAD, and Capstone Design. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 An Undergraduate Service Learning Research Project using a Humanoid Robot to Enhance Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Carlos Michael Ruiz, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Benjamin G Cohen, Drexel Department of Engineering Technology; Sarah Renee Andrieux

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

undergraduate and graduate courses in ET Masters program. Also, she introduced the first experiential activity for Applied Mechanics courses. She is coordinator and advisor for capstone projects for Engineering Technology.Mr. Carlos Michael Ruiz, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.)Benjamin G Cohen, Drexel Department of Engineering Technology Undergraduate Studying Engineering Technology with a dual concentration in Mechanical and Electrical fields.Ms. Sarah Renee Andrieux Drexel University Class of 2021, BS Mechanical Engineering c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Undergraduate Freshmen Developing Advanced Research Project: Learn-by-Discovery Module to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Audrey Briggs Champagne; Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

: Comparison of Industrially-situated Virtual Laboratories to Capstone Physical Laboratories. Journal of Engineering Education, 100(3), 540–573.3. Gilbuena, D., B. Sherrett, E. Gummer and M. D. Koretsky. (2011). Understanding feedback in an authentic, ill- structured project through discourse analysis: interaction between student and instructor objectives. 2011 Research in Engineering Education Symposium: Program and Proceedings, 2011, 700-709.4. Johnson, G.R. (1979). Verbal Interaction in Junior/Community College and University Classrooms: Do Disciplines and Settings Differ? Research in Education, Aug 1979.5. Bostian, C.W. (1991). The Mechanics of Effective Classroom Teaching. Engineering Education, 81(1), 9-11.6. Felder, R.M. (2002). The

Conference Session

Real-World Applications

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Jerome Tapper; Walter Buchanan

” students enjoy being treated as engineers. They are even more self-fulfilled, just as graduate engineers are, when their designs “actually” work.Industrial Control Systems is a fascinating field with a great deal of potential. Through industrypartnerships and intervention, today’s engineering technology students can garner a great deal ofself-fulfillment though Senior or Capstone projects such as this. Giving students the opportunityto work on “real-life” projects goes a long way toward creating a “real” engineer. Realism in theclassroom is a must if we as engineering educators are to help ‘bring good things to life.”Bibliography1 Tapper, Jerome, “Building Industry Partnerships, The Key to Creating State-of-the-Art Laboratories,” Proceedings of

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory,’ Proceedings of 2011 ASEE Southeast Section Conference5. Jang, S., Markowitz, K., ‘Initiating the Undergraduate Research Study through NYC-LSAMP Summer Fellowship Program,’ Proceedings of 2010 ASEE Southeast Section Conference6. The Peach State Louis Stokes Alliance at Southern Polytechnic State University http://pslsamp.spsu.edu/index.html, last visited on Dec 7, 20117. Anderson, J., ‘Introduction to Flight,’ McGraw Hill Companies, 20011, ISBN: 00733802458. Butler, M. W., Terpenny, P. J., Goff, R. M., ‘An Experiment in Learner – Centered Instruction in Aerospace Engineering capstone design, 2010 ASEE Southeast Section Conference9. Sinha, A., ‘High Altitude Student Ballooning Project: An

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Erick Jacob Nefcy, Oregon State University; Debra M. Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Jaynie L. Whinnery, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

solving. His research interests particularly focus on what prevents students from being able to integrate and extend the knowledge developed in specific courses in the core curriculum to the more complex, authentic problems and projects they face as professionals. Dr. Koretsky is one of the founding members of the Center for Lifelong STEM Education Research at OSU.Erick Jacob Nefcy, Oregon State UniversityDr. Debra M. Gilbuena, Oregon State University Debra Gilbuena is a postdoctoral scholar in the School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engi- neering at Oregon State University. Debra has an M.BA, an M.S, and four years of industrial experience including a position in sensor development. Sensor development is

Conference Session

Two Year-to-Four Year Transfer Topics Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia F. Mead, Norfolk State University; Gwen Lee-Thomas, Quality Measures, LLC; Abe Eftekhari, Northern Virginia Community College; Ji Hyon Mun, Thomas Nelson Community College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

. Gwen has conducted over 30 workshops and presentations on cultural, racial, and generational diversity; assessment, evaluation, and accreditation; teaching and learning; and leadership. Gwen teaches organization administration and culture, internship experiences, multicultural university, project management capstone course, and strategic planning and institutional effectiveness at Old Do- minion University in the graduate program of the Darden College of Education. Prior to ODU, she was the Executive Assistant to the President from 2004 2005 and Director of Assessment from 1998 through 2004 at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technologya small private STEM college in Indiana. She has also served as an editorial associate of

Conference Session

Sustainable Product Development and Manufacturing

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rex C. Kanu, Ball State University; Tyler Steven Steward, Ball State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

pressures had the least effect on part warpage. Main Effects Plot for Warpage Data Means Alpha Back Pressure 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.009 Mean 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 Low High 75 150 Figure 5. The relative effects of PP thermal diffusivity and back pressure on part warpageAssessmentThis work started as a capstone project for a student and was continued as

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

P Ravikumar

4930) at the University ofWisconsin - Platteville offers a format of instruction and student participation that is centeredaround industry sponsored projects. This capstone design course is offered each fall and springwith an average enrollment per semester of about thirty-five students. Project sponsors’ funding isencouraged but is not mandatory. Students work on projects typically in groups of four or five. Thecourse is designed to serve as a transition from education to the practice of engineering to thegraduating engineering student. The course is designed at the same time to meet the educationalobjectives consistent with the new ABET guidelines which offer flexibility of setting, assessing, andimproving the goals of the course in

Conference Session

Programming Education 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Alexander Mendoza-Garcia, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

why engineering schools are workingon providing courses in which students must engage in solving open-ended problems to facilitatereaching these learning outcomes. However, most of those courses are typically at the end of thecareer path (Capstone design project) and maybe an introductory design course in their first year.In these courses, students must find a problem and work on defining a specific problem, whichgets them closer to what the outcome expects. On the other hand, most of the coursesengineering students take in their first year ask them to solve well-defined problems with a rightanswer (they might be able to take different paths to get to that answer, but there is still one rightanswer). Several engineering education thought

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Jawa Mariappan; Anthony J. Marchese; James A. Newell; John L. Schmalzel; Beena Sukumaran; Ravi Ramachandran

Engineering Measurements Competitive Assessment Laboratory Sophomore Discipline Specific Design Modules 16-week Multidisciplinary Design Project Junior Product Development Process Development Senior Multidisciplinary disciplinary Capstone Design Project This 4-year, 20-credit design sequence offers students the opportunity to incrementally learnthe science and art of design by continuously applying the technical skills they have obtained intraditional coursework. For example, in the Freshman Engineering Clinic II, students begin theirformal study of the design process in the Competitive Assessment Laboratory. This NSF-fundedlaboratory introduces freshmen to the science and

Collection

15th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience Conference (FYEE)

Authors

Song Wang, University of Hartford; Enrico Obst, University of Hartford; Beth Richards, University of Hartford

0.88 3.38 1.04 0.96 0.20 0.08 16. In the future I could see myself doing well academically at UHart. 4.38 0.51 4.23 0.83 0.69 0.57 0.22 17. In the future, I could see myself impressing a UHart professor. 4.38 0.77 3.92 1.12 0.96 1.23 0.48 18. In the future, I could see myself working closely with a professor on an independent project (such as research, honors, or capstone 4.08 1.04 4.00 1.00 1.02 0.19 0.08 thesis).Table 2. Technical writing survey form with response analysis

Collection

2017 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Yimesker Yihun; AmirHossein MajidiRad

strong interest in the PBL and ADAMS modeling and simulation approach to engage inthe course and to develop curiosity towards research.Introduction In most institutions, research and development in undergraduate STEM programs are left asideor overlooked. However, to translate theory into practice, programs must be projected to promoteresearch and innovation. Capstone design project offered in the final year of graduation is too latefor the students to learn the state of the art of research and to solve community based and practicalproblems. The learning curve and the quality of work could have been improved highly, if thisengagement and exposition to research started early in their first and sophomore years (Dym,Agogino et al. 2005, Savage

Collection

2007 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Thomas F. C. Woodhall

Designing a Rubric to Assess the Problem Definition Phase of Student Design Projects in Upper Year Engineering Courses Thomas F. C. Woodhall, B.Sc., B.A., M.Sc. (Candidate) Queen’s University at Kingston Ontario CanadaAbstractIn order to bridge the gap between a student’s understanding and instructor’s perception ofsubject mastery, it is important to assess upper year capstone design projects in a way whichtargets the important aspects within each stage of the design process, while providing feedbackthat is instructive and helpful. A rubric was created that assesses a student’s mastery of theproblem definition phase of a design project (as defined by Dominick et al. 2001). The

Conference Session

Design and Graphics Potpourri

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island; Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2011-1894: HOW TO DESIGN A DESIGN PROJECT: GUIDANCE FORNEW INSTRUCTORS IN FIRST AND SECOND YEAR ENGINEERINGCOURSESAndrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward IslandProf. Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island Current chair of the UPEI Engineering Department and facilitator of Project Based Design courses at the University of Prince Edward Island. Page 22.787.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 How To Design a Design Project: Guidance for New Instructors in First and Second Year Engineering CoursesIntroductionThis paper is not an attempt to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cary David Troy, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rebecca R Essig, Purdue University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Josh Boyd, Purdue University; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

together and leveraging the research team’s expertise in civil engineering, engineeringeducation, and communication. We are focusing on the immediate need for improved, readily-transferrable techniques for the incorporation of technical writing in engineering courses, mosttypically at the sophomore and junior levels. The premise with selecting the sophomore andjunior levels is that most programs “bookend” technical writing in some fashion, with freshman-level design courses and senior-level capstone courses often being more project-based andalready involving substantial writing. In contrast, the sophomore and junior levels tend not toinclude much writing beyond formatted laboratory reports, although with resource limitationseven these reports have

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 1: Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity (DEI)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Claesson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Robert Hodge, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Eunsil Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jennifer Benning, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; David Gray, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

courses within an Interdisciplinary Innovation Minor, and is leading the new Interdisciplinary Senior Design Capstone course within the College of Engineering. David maintains an active undergraduate research group. His research interests focus on teamwork and interdisciplinary curricula. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.comStudent Perception of Virtual Collaboration Environments on Teaming Success in an Online Project-Based First-Year Engineering Design CourseIntroductionTeaming is an essential outcome in the accreditation process for undergraduate engineeringprograms. Among other requirements, institutions must provide

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 2: Postcard Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hicks; Michael Preuss; Matthew Alexander, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Rajashekar Mogiligidda, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Mahesh Hosur

of retentionand persistence among students in the College of Engineering, especially for minority studentsand those underrepresented in engineering fields. Emphasis has been placed on courses taken bystudents early in the engineering curricula. In particular the first-year introductory engineeringcourses taught within three departments have been augmented to include an engaging, team-based, hands-on engineering design project.Collaborative design projects are already included in the curriculum of engineering programs atmany US universities. However, most often these take the form of a capstone project to beconducted by upper level (senior) students as they prepare to complete their undergraduatestudies. The inclusion of an engineering design

Conference Session

ERM: Lessons Learned from COVID (COVID Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware; Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware

Paper ID #37119Within-team Task Choices: Comparison of Team-basedDesign Project Engagement in Online and Face-to-faceInstructionMarcia Gail Headley (Data Scientist) Dr. Headley is a Data Scientist at the Center for Research in Education and Social Policy (CRESP) at the University of Delaware. She specializes in the development of mixed methods research designs and strategies for integrating quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Her work has been published in the Journal of Mixed Method Research. In her current role, she uses her methodological expertise to support a variety of CRESP projects. Dr

Conference Session

Programming, Virtual Reality, and Dynamic Systems

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

course under consideration in this work serves undergraduatemechanical engineering students and introduces modeling and analysis of dynamic systems,integration of mechatronic systems, and feedback control of dynamic systems. Previous work onthis course focused on the creation of real-world PBL modules based on known issues in a previousstudent capstone design project [9, 10]. Following semesters continued the use of PBL modules,but without specific stakeholders or focus on the costs associated with student designs. In thiswork, the mechatronics course is modified to improve existing PBL modules by incorporatingEML content. Based on student feedback, indirect assessment, and direct assessment,modifications were made to improve customer engagement

Conference Session

DISTINGUISHED LECTURE: 2019 Best PIC, Zone, and Diversity Papers Live Q&A

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Georgios Georgalis, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Karen Marais, Purdue University at West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

2019 Best Zone & PIC Papers

growing component of engineering education in the UnitedStates. Its perceived educational value is exemplified by its explicit mention in ABET’sCriterion 5, which requires engineering programs to provide a culminating design experience thatincorporates engineering standards and multiple constraints. Capstone courses and design-build-test projects allow students to synthesize and apply engineering knowledge, skills, and tools toopen-ended design problems. Students work and communicate in teams to complete tasks likegenerating requirements, and testing and integrating equipment. There appears to be widespreadconsensus that project-based learning is valuable, but, how well do these projects prepare studentsfor engineering challenges in professional

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tirupalavanam G. Ganesh, Arizona State University; Kyle D. Squires, Arizona State University; James Collofello, Arizona State University; Robin R. Hammond, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

age/education/experience of their various audiences. At the Innovation Showcase, participants interacted with graduating engineering seniors who demonstrated their capstone projects, many of which were industry sponsored. • An Evening with Undergraduate Engineering Students Participants and their parents networked with undergraduate students to learn about the college going experience first-hand from those who are in college and are closest to the participants. • Opportunities to Build an Engineering Identity Industry professionals from General Motors, Intel, and other major technology companies and university students who have held internships and conducted undergraduate research

Conference Session

Engineering Without Borders: Programs Involving Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University; Richard Devon, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

course or a capstone project requirement in the curriculum. Those courses orprojects can be found at different levels depending on the institutions and the program itself. It isthere where the global design experience should be introduced to start preparing the futureengineers to work in the global market. The international design collaborations have differenttype of structures that will be discussed later as well as how to incorporate them in the courses.What is significant at this point is to reinforce the importance of the international experience inthe curriculum. Many universities around the world have already established successfulprograms to expose the students to the international experience. The new instructionaltechnologies have the

Conference Session

Recruiting and Retention

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Goodmann, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

be a young person’s pursuit again, and more young geeks would strengthen thesupport systems.The university may be one of the best places to begin rebuilding geek support systems. AtIPFW, very few incoming freshmen have ever built an electroinic project. During the first threesemesters of the ECET curriculum, they perform lab experiments by wiring and testing simplecircuits (counters, amplifier circuits, etc.) on solderless breadboards. These circuits reinforce aparticular aspect of circuit operation, but do not do anything useful or entertaining, and they aretorn down at the conclusion of the exercise. In the fourth semester all students take theElectronic Fabrication course, the capstone course for the AS EET degree. For most students, itis

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogy in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac W Wait, Marshall University; Jeffrey T. Huffman P.E. P.E., Marshall University; Christopher T. Anderson, Huntington (WV) Sanitary Board

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #6575Fostering Critical Thinking Through A Service-Learning, Combined SewerAnalysis Project In An Undergraduate Course in Hydrologic EngineeringDr. Isaac W Wait, Marshall University Dr. Isaac Wait is an associate professor of Engineering in the Division of Engineering at Marshall Univer- sity in Huntington, W.Va. He conducts research and teaches courses in water resources and environmental engineering, and is a registered professional engineer in the states of Ohio and West Virginia.Prof. Jeffrey Thomas Huffman P.E., Marshall University Jeffrey T. Huffman is an assistant professor of Engineering in the Weisberg

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael L.W. Jones, PhD Candidate Faculty of Information, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Student

facilitators of a student-led learning process [12]. Engineering educators have adapted similar PBL approaches such as capstone designprojects and engineering student design teams to complement the more traditional, basic-sciencebased engineering curriculum. Project-based learning (noted as PBL*) team opportunities arequalitatively different than traditional PBL efforts in one demonstrable way. Engineering projectteams tend to engage more complex design challenges over a longer period of time compared toin class PBL investigations commonly used in medicine[2]. This qualitative difference createstwo organizational challenges unique to engineering project-based learning teams. Student PBL* teams must sustain team motivation throughout a

Conference Session

Research Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David G. Rethwisch, University of Iowa; Soko S Starobin, Iowa State University; Frankie Santos Laanan, Iowa State University; Melissa Chapman Haynes, Professional Data Analysts, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Paper ID #7945A Study of the Impact of a National Project Based Learning Curriculum(PLTW) on Student Continuation to Postsecondary InstitutionsDr. David G. Rethwisch, University of Iowa Dr. Rethwisch is a professor of chemical and biochemical engineering at the University of Iowa. His current research interest is assessing the impact of secondary curricula (particularly problem/project based learning curricula) on student interest and performance in science and mathematics, and on their interest in careers in STEM fields.Dr. Soko S Starobin, Iowa State University Dr. Starobin’s research focuses on gender issues in STEM

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Nathan Luetke; Orlando Ayala

project-based learning, such as capstone design courses and senior labs, offers moreopportunities for student decision-making, they are often limited in undergraduate curricula.Reddy et al. (2018), for instance, presented an example of how content related to sociotechnicaland global context was integrated into a required senior-level heat transfer course in mechanicalengineering, particularly a heat exchanger design to provide affordable water heating for ruralcommunities [9]. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a project-based learningactivity within the engineering technology heat transfer course. The assignment requires studentsto design an industrial shell-and-tube heat exchanger that meets specific real minimum criteria.The