Conference Session

Creativity and Innovation in Engineering Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Lande, Stanford University; Larry Leifer, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

redesign tasks, mostly notinclusive of people in the system. In contrast, students’ have more exposure to and experiencewith Engineering Thinking activities, or the implementation aspect of the design process, thefocus of many of their prior engineering courses.Case of Matched Pair of Design ProjectsA pair of student projects (Figure 4) have been selected to compare and contrast their designprocesses. Both projects have similar starting points as Amorphous Future projects and end up asSpecific Design projects. Students in Project A, done for Car Company, were tasked withdesigning the Automobile Copilot of the Future. Students in Project B, done for ConsumerProducts Company, were tasked with designing Very Human Technology. Applying the

Conference Session

Innovations in Power Education in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, operate as, and Page 15.1351.3produce results similar to real ones4,5,18-20. A virtual laboratory is characterized by itsversatility and flexibility because it is software based. Like traditional laboratories, virtuallaboratories have a number of advantages and disadvantages. Overall, in many situations theadvantages of a virtual laboratory can outweigh the disadvantages, thus making it a feasibleoption. Among their advantages can be: a) Cost. As the computer replaces some or all of thelaboratory equipment, purchase, maintenance and storage costs are all likely to be reduced6.b) Safety. Safety concerns often limit the scope and scale of

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, University of Kentucky; Michael Evans, Virginia Tech; Brett Jones, Virginia Tech; Carol Brandt, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

ability to reduce heat transfer. Material choices were: bubble wrap, aluminumfoil, colored construction paper, colored foam sheets, metallic Mylar film, wooden sticks, cottonballs, and small paper cups. For a more detailed description of the curriculum, seeSchnittka (2009 a)3 or Schnittka (2009 b)4.In the after-school studio setting, students worked in small teams of two with a volunteerfacilitator to test materials, design the dwelling, test the dwelling, and create virtualrepresentations of their designs and ideas, write about their design decisions, materials used andfinal design. Volunteer facilitators were university students, and were key to motivating thestudents and keeping them focused on the design goals

Conference Session

Service Learning and Societal Issues in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol Sevier, Boise State University; Seung Youn Chyung, Boise State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineering schools have used SL as a method to achieve ABETEAC program outcomes.5, 6 The “a through k” 2009-2010 ABET EAC program outcomes that Page 15.446.3engineering programs must demonstrate that their students attain are listed below: 7 a. an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering b. an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c. an ability to design a system, component or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability and sustainability d. an

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Shepard, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Camille George, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Page 15.345.3introduction to aspects of internal and external fluid flows as well as the different formsof heat transfer and how they occur. Some of the final products can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 1. Heat exchanger designsUpon completion, the desalinators were used in a lab utilizing the first law ofthermodynamics and psychrometrics (Appendix B). During the lab student designed heatexchangers were attached to an evaporative cooler which was running with saltwater asopposed to freshwater. In the evaporative cooler air is blown through a membrane whichwas wetted with the saltwater causing water vapor to evaporate and the air temperature todecrease. This moist air then traveled over a heat exchanger through which

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Teaching I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Louie, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

interface to the desktop or laptop computer on which the ARS software is installed.The receiver is often connected to the computer through the USB port. The receiver may also actas a transmitter, sending a signal to the devices to indicate that the response has been received.This feature is reassuring to students if they are being graded by their responses.The ARS software allows the instructor to compose prompts and control the range of possibleresponses by the students. For example, the instructor may pose a multiple choice question withpossible answers A, B or C. A summary of the aggregated responses, often in the form of ahistogram, is displayed through a projector after the responses are recorded. The responses maybe archived for post-analysis

Conference Session

Special Session: Next Generation Problem-Solving

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Tamara Moore, University of Minnesota; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Kean, California Polytechnic State University; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota; Jack Patzer, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

., & Moon, S. (2005). Model-Eliciting Activities as a Tool to Develop and Identify Creatively GiftedMathematicians. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 17(1), 37-47.Diefes-Dux, H. A., & Capobianco, B. (2008). Learning from a faculty self-study. In J. Zawojewski, H. A. Diefes-Dux & K. Bowman (Eds.), Models and modeling in engineering education: Designing experiences for all students.Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Sense Publishers.Diefes-Dux, H. A., Moore, T. J., Zawojewski, J., Imbrie, P. K., & Follman, D. (2004). A framework for posingopen-ended engineering problems: Model-Eliciting Activities. Paper presented at the 2004 Frontiers in EducationConference, Savannah, GA.Diefes-Dux, H. A., Osburn, K., Capobianco, B. M., & Wood, T

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Heersink, Colorado School of Mines; Wanda Dann, Carnegie Mellon University; Barbara Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Alka Herriger, Purdue; Steven Cooper, Purdue

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, J., “Work in Progress - Improving K-12 Students’ Problem-Solving Skills ViaInnovative Teacher Training,” Proceedings of the 2008 ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, October2008, Saratoga Springs, NY.[13] Harriger, A. (October 2008). Finding Success through SPIRIT . P. K. Raju, Journal of STEM EducationAuburn, AL: The Institute for STEM Education & Research.[14] [REMOVED FOR BLIND REVIEW][15] Hutchinson, A. (2005). “A statistical analysis of outcomes in an educational assessment: Impact of the Alicecurriculum on male and female performances and attitudes at community colleges.” Master’s Thesis, ColoradoSchool of Mines.[16] Hutchinson, A., Moskal, B., Dann, W. & Cooper, S. (2008). “Impact of the Alice curriculum on

Conference Session

Faculty & Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations, Interactions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Richardson, Purdue University; Glenn Blackwell, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

International

then provided some initial guidanceto the student group. From that point forward, the team of students took control of the meeting.The students were initially challenged with picking both an overall team captain, and thenindividual team leaders for the individual schools. With team leaders in place, the team next hadto decide on a name for the team. Under the rules of the competition, each team was to have aname that started with the letter ‘B’. The team started by generating a list of possible names butunanimously chose the name “Babel” due to the language barriers that they had alreadyencountered and would continue to encounter through the project.The next, and perhaps biggest challenge for the team, was to brainstorm overall concepts for

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hui-Ying Wu, Ching Yun University; HsinPiao Hsu, Kainan University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

section included threedemographic questions; the second section included 30 multiple-choice questions. Thedemographic questions were intended to determine (a) socio-economic status, (b) daily Internetusage, and (c) gender. Thirty items on e-commerce English content knowledge included (a) 10listening comprehension tests, (b) 10 reading tests, and (c) 10 writing assessments. The 30knowledge content items were reviewed by five professional faculty members and 10 universitystudents. The reliability of an instrument determines whether the instrument provides an accurateassessment of the characteristics measured (Gable & Wolf, 1993) 6. The internal consistencyreliability coefficient, Cronbach’s χ, was reported as .92 for the test questions. The

Conference Session

Project-based Learning and Other Pedagogical Innovations

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Horacio Vasquez, University of Texas, Pan American; Arturo Fuentes, University of Texas, Pan American; Javier Macossay, The University of Texas-Pan American; Martin Knecht, South Texas College; Robert Freeman, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

measurements and validate theoretical results is presented in Figure 5. Thermocouple with Thermocouple Amplifier and Operational Amplifier (a) Set up the circuit as shown in figure 11. Use a J-type thermocouple and measure the output voltage when the thermocouple is at room temperature. Now, look at the output voltage when the thermocouple is heated between your fingertips. Figure 10. AD594 and J-type thermocouple. The common voltage is the same as ground (0V), the constantan is the red wire and the iron is the white wire of the thermocouple. Vout is measured between pin 8 and ground. Every 10 mV of the output voltage equals about 1″C. (b) Determine the room temperature by

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Wikoff, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

mentors, provides social structure, helps people connect, secures necessary funding or supplies, brings the basket lunch. Without that key person at the center, the community has no linchpin; yet that central person is not the star of the community.3. Expect great things from students, but don’t tell them what. As Steven Chu says, it is exhilarating and frightening to be given both freedom and expectations. Today’s students often expect to be given a rubric with every assignment, ideally with the requirements for success (what is required for an A grade, a B grade, etc.) clearly spelled out very specifically and maybe even very quantifiably. It is more comfortable for both teachers and students if assignments have specific

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Warren Hull, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Dianne Raubenheimer, North Carolina State University; Arlene Russell, University of California, Los Angeles

, presenting findings and writing formative and summative reports.Preliminary ResultsCritical Thinking Assessment (CAT) instrumentsThis CPR project was offered a free set of Critical Thinking Assessment (CAT) instruments, aspart of the dissemination efforts of a NSF CCLI project funded project. The CAT instrumentmeasures student's critical thinking skills, including (a) the ability to evaluate information, (b)creative thinking, (c) problem solving ability, and (d) communication skills.A control and experimental group of students were solicited to complete the test, with students inthe experimental group having used CPR for writing assignments several times during a quarter,while the control group had not used CPR for this purpose. Results showed that

Conference Session

Research in Graphics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

with a cover that was created Page 15.254.5by students during an instructor led exercise. Modify Part B Skeleton Part A Assembly Updates with RegenerationFigure 3. Part and Assembly Modeling Using a Skeleton Sketch Skeleton Mechanism Figure 4. Motion Skeleton for a Carjack Page 15.254.6Figure 4 shows an example of a motion skeleton used in an exercise

Conference Session

DEED Potpourri

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vince Walker, US Air Force Academy; Daniel Jensen, United States Air Force Academy; Kendra Crider, US Air Force Academy; Jason Weaver, University of Texas, Austin; Kristin Wood, University of Texas, Austin; Michael Maixner, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. • Additionally, the experimental group reported significant qualitative advantages due to the EPE, including an increase in motivation and understanding of the customers’ needs.More research is needed to develop specific recommendations regarding positive or negativeaspects of inclusion of an EPE in the design process. Also, in the future, additional data shouldbe developed to indicate the effectiveness of using experts to evaluate variables such asinnovativeness and diversity in concept suites.References1 Lawson, B., How Designers Think (3rd Edition), The Architectural Press, 1997.2 Maier, N., “Reasoning in Humans II: the Solution of a Problem and its Appearance in Consciousness”, J. ofComparable Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 181-194

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Ronald Rosenberg, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

15.337.3disciplines, (b) the manager will be an effective agent in human relations, (c) the manager willhave coursework in her background that includes an appropriate mix of mathematics, science,Page 15.337.4Page 15.337.5A specialization block extends the student’s knowledge in a career-oriented direction and at anadvanced level of undergraduate study. An AES student selects her specialization based onstudent interest, career opportunity, and strengths in collaborating units on campus. Supply-chainmanagement and telecommunications are the two existing specializations.The supply chain management program is currently selected by approximately 95% of AESstudents and constitutes 27 semester hours of work. Courses are taken in our Management andSupply Chain

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna Daly, University of Michigan; Seda Yilmaz, University of Michigan; Colleen Seifert, University of Michigan; Richard Gonzalez, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2010-1032: COGNITIVE HEURISTIC USE IN ENGINEERING DESIGNIDEATIONShanna Daly, University of MichiganSeda Yilmaz, University of MichiganColleen Seifert, University of MichiganRichard Gonzalez, University of Michigan Page 15.282.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Cognitive Heuristics Use in Engineering Design IdeationAbstractResearch in engineering design has revealed approaches and processes used by engineers tomove through a design task. While studies have made evident general approaches in ideation, itis unclear how multiple and varied ideas are generated. When faced with a design problem, howdo engineers generate multiple alternative solutions

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xaver Neumeyer, Northwestern University; Ann McKenna, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

all three courses. Response rates were as follows: (a) 45% (N=67) for EDC, (b) 36% (N=10) for IDP, and (c) 38% (N=25) for MI. We also interviewed20 faculty members from all three classes with each interview lasting from 30 minutes toabout two hours. Furthermore, did we recruit 30 more faculty members for surveys. Theresponse rate for the faculty surveys was 45% (N=14).Faculty interviewsInterviewed faculty consisted of former instructors that were chosen based on theirexperience with team-based design or innovation classes as current or former instructors.The interviews were constructed to conduct exploratory research on faculty observationsof conflict as well as on conflict-management strategies. Faculty, were first asked generalquestions

Conference Session

Enhancing Environmental Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jess Everett, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

15.943.2materials before covering them in class. Calculation exercises were used as homework (HW) toPage 15.943.3Page 15.943.4was insufficient evidence to claim that students completing MML homework performed betterthan the students using traditional paper-based, instructor-graded homework (at a significancelevel of 0.05). However, the student success rate (final grade of A, B or C) was 70% in theMyMathLab group and 49% in the traditional homework group. In another study, introductoryphysics students completed homework using either the Web or paper.12 Performances on regularexams, conceptual exams, quizzes, laboratory, and homework showed no significant differencesbetween the two groups. Students in an electrical engineering signals and systems course

Conference Session

Software and Hardware for Educators I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fadi Obeidat, Virginia Commonwealth University; Ruba Alkhasawneh, Virginia Commonwealth University; Jerry Tucker, Virginia Commonwealth University; Robert Klenke, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. “Efficient hardware data mining with the Apriori algorithm on FPGAs”. In Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines, 2005.2. B. de Ruijsscher, G. N. Gaydadjiev, J. Lichtenauer, and E. Hendriks. “FPGA accelerator for real-time skin segmentation”. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ACM/IFIP Workshop on Embedded Systems for Real Time Multimedia, 2006.3. B. Harris, A. C. Jacob, J. M. Lancaster, J. Buhler, and R. D. Chamberlain. “A banded Smith-Waterman FPGA accelerator for Mercury BLASTP”. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, 2007.4. Xilinx MicroBlaze: http://www.xilinx.com/tools/microblaze.htm5. Altera Nios

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Randall Manteufel, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

in K, and the coefficients in Eq. (14) are given in the following table. 647.3 A 1.0 D -1.48513244 E3 -7.39064542 B 0.4578743423 E1 -4.81351884 E4 10.4961689 C 5.08441288 E2 2.69411792 E5 -5.46840036Using Microsoft Excel, determine the values of the enthalpies of saturated liquid and water vaporfrom Eqs. (13) and (14) for temperatures ranging between 5 oC and 200 oC. Compare the resultswith the Steam Tables.Solution:Equations (13) and (14) were entered in an Excel worksheet to evaluate the enthalpies ofsaturated liquid water, hf and saturated vapor, hg, for

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Roberts, Vanderbilt University; Greg Walker, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

course and performance on the designproject and final exams were compared to previous semesters. The survey questions are given inthe Appendix B.ResultsThe first section of the study involved a demonstration in class of the hotSPICE tool (equivalentthermal resistance circuits) along with a homework assignment. The tool was not advertised forthe students to use on the homework to determine if they would use it on their own without areminder or encouragement. The optional survey was distributed after the homework assignmentswere collected (see Appendix B). 26 of the 58 students in the class participated in the survey Page 15.814.6

Conference Session

Launching Successful Academic Careers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

the next proposalThere is no greater feeling than having just finished up a large project that a) you wereintimidated of doing for one reason or another and b) that you did your very best on and you’reproud of the resulting product. Celebrate this accomplishment! It’s a reward in and of itselfeven if the proposal is not funded. Then, start looking forward again and always have somethingin the pipeline (planning, under review, funded). Yes, even if you have a funded proposal, stickwith this same strategy of keeping something in the pipeline. A wise mentor once told me, “Ifyou are resting on your laurel’s, then you are wearing them in the wrong spot.”#7: Once the proposal is submitted, Don’t place too much hope on that one documentEnjoy

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Economy

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John White, University of Arkansas; Kenneth Case, Oklahoma State University; David Pratt, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

recipient of numerous prestigious awards and has published numerous papers and books. A consultant to a wide variety of organizations, his primary professional interests are in quality and reliability engineering and economic analysis. Active in scouting, he has received the Distinguished Eagle Scout and Silver Bear medals.David Pratt, Oklahoma State University David B. Pratt, PhD, PE, is Associate Professor and Director of the Undergraduate Program in the School of Industrial Engineering and Management at Oklahoma State University. An APICS Certified Fellow in Production and Inventory Management and an ASQ Certified Quality Engineer, he held technical and managerial positions in the aerospace

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Rehg, (Retired); Glenn Sartori, Retired

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

determine the configuration of the ladder rungs. Six timerand ladder combinations cover all possible TON timer problems. Four of these combinations are Page 15.751.7illustrated in Figures 7a and 7b. The standard ladder logic application starts with a description ofthe problem, often in the problem statement, that describes how the timer should function to (a) (b) Figure 7a TON Standard ladder logic rungs with maintain type input contactsmeet application requirements. For example, the standard

Conference Session

Pedagogical Developments in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Guilford, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

their answers, selecting the “Finished” entry on their remote displayed theirscore on their individual clicker screen. At the end of the quiz, the instructor saved their scores,along with their individual answers to each question, in a spreadsheet. This was followed by aA B C DFigure 1: SMART Response software as projected on the classroom screen (A), and hand-held Page 15.1303.3remotes (B-D). B: Remote screen before entering answers. C: During entry. D: After submittinganswers, their individual scores are displayed.very brief review session, where thebuilt-in graphing

Conference Session

New Instrumentation Ideas

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hergert, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

. Theselaboratories usually fall into some combination of the following models: A. Distance Students Travel to the Host Universities. Here students travel to the main campus to do a compressed form of the labs. There is little time to do more Page 15.754.2 than follow a set of instructions. This severely limits access. Students living 100 miles or more from a campus find it difficult to travel to the university on weekends or during the summer. These labs are typically done on a Saturday or in the summer. B. Grant Supported Trainers at Each Site. These trainers are

Conference Session

Improving Student Entrepreneurial Skills

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; David Barbe, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

toVenture” (I2V), and more recently the “Advanced Invention to Venture” (AI2V). The proposedworkshop is based on a need for an additional type of workshop modeled in part after the I2Vand AI2V: an innovation-focused workshop. The new workshop can be offered independently,or as an add-on to (or part of) I2V or AI2V workshops. The program consists of two parts: 1. Traits of Innovative Individuals Participants will learn about: (a) Traits of innovative individuals, and (b) enhancing individuals’ innovative skills. Innovators share some common traits, many of which can be learned and enhanced. Inparticular, this part of the workshop will present traits such as observing, thinking,experimenting, teaming, dreaming, persisting

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanical Systems: What's New

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashok Kumar Manoharan, Auburn University; P.K. Raju, Auburn University; Chetan Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

thestudents by informing them about what engineers do So in order to give students an opportunity to receive this much-needed exposure to real-world problems, an instructional strategy was developed. This strategy used real-world casestudies developed by the Laboratory for Innovative Technology and Engineering Education(LITEE) at Auburn University. This paper discusses how these case studies have been used to (a)develop specific student capabilities and (b) help students learn certain engineering principles Page 15.1307.2and apply them to solve problems occurring in real-world situations.Case Study: A case study typically is a record of a

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wael Mokhtar, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Program, Professor Paul Duesing, andMr. Jon Coullard for the contribution in the presented projects. Last but not least, the authorwould like to thank the students who participated in the projects for providing the samples thatwere presented in the paper.Bibliography1. Duesing, P., Baumann, D., McDonald, D., Walworth, M., and Anderson, R., “Learning and Practicing the Design Review Process in Senior Capstone Design Classes” ASEE Annual Conference proceedings, no. 2465, 2004.2. Miller, R. and Olds, B., “A Model Curriculum for a Capstone Course in Multidisciplinary Engineering Design”, Journal of Engineering Education, , pp 1-6, October 1994.3. Todd, R., Magleby, S., Sorensen, C., Swan, B., and Anthonya, D., “A Survey of Capstone