Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward E. Osakue, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

plane of Fig. 7c is chosen tobe the top, though the front or right plane could the used. The top plane is the default inAutoCAD 3D space, so no switching of view direction is necessary. Fig. 7d shows the sketch ofthe profile for Fig. 7b on the front plane while Fig. 7e shows the sketch of the profile for Fig. 7con the top plane. This completes the planning phase for Example 1. a) b) c) d) Fig. 8: Example 1 segments a) b) c

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alireza Kavianpour, DeVry University, Pomona; Simin Shoari; Behdad Kavianpour, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

+ √y 2 =1 ( ab b2 −y 2 ) ( cb b2 −y 2 ) 2 x2 A2 + By 2 = 1 where √ √ A = ab b2 − y 2 , B = cb b2 − y 2 2 2 The elliptic disk Ax 2 + By 2 = 1 has the area of πAB. Thus the secondmoment with respect x − z plane, mxz , can be calculated as follows: +∞ +∞ +∞ +b mxz = y 2 dxdydz = πABy 2 dy = −∞ −∞ −∞ −b 2acπ +b

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dustin Scott Birch, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

 c2  b2  1  b2  a2  E = Modulus of Elasticity (o = outer piece, i = inner piece) 2b   2  o    2  i  ν = Poisson’s Ratio (o = outer piece, i = inner piece)  Eo  c  b b a 2 2  Ei  Page 26.991.10Once the interface pressure is determined, the tensile and compressive stresses in the sleeve andbushing are calculated using the standard equations for thick walled cylinders: 3, 4  c2  b2  ob

Conference Session

Research to Practice: STRAND 2- Engineering Across the Curriculum: Integration with the Arts, Social Studies, Science, and the Common Core

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joyce Blandino P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Jon-Michael Hardin, Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. 11. Hubelbank, J., Demetry, C., Nicholson, S.E., Blaisdell, S., Quinn, P., Rosenthal, E., Sontgerath, S. (2007) Long-Term Effects of a Middle School Engineering Outreach Program for Girls: A Controlled Study. Proceedings of the 2007 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Honolulu, HI, June 24-27, 2007. 12. Gooden, F., Borrego, M., Edmister, W., Waller, T., Watford, B. (2010). An Assessment of Long-Term Impacts of Three On-Campus K-12 Enrichment Programs. Proceedings of the 2010 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Louisville, KY, June 20-23, 2010. Page 26.249.913. McCormick, J.R., Talbert

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

objectionable difference in the quality of their soldering. Of course,failure to solder a board together earned an immediate grade of zero. To date, few have failed toshow up for class without a soldered and working Minty Boost®.Students are instructed to make the following adjustments to the Minty Boost® assemblyinstructions: a) Only solder in one end of the inductor to the board. We will be making current measurements in the inductor. b) Do not solder in the 2xAA battery holder so that tests can be performed on the Minty Boost® assembly. Instead, solder on leads to the holes marked + and -. These will be used later to connect a DC Power supply to perform various tests on the Minty Boost® USB charger.Instruction a

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

literature andthe ever-growing number of CAE software users in the injection-molding industry. Thereforethese high end skills are desired in students who are graduating from engineering schools6. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 1. (a) HAAS dual system control simulator hardware. (b) Swansoft CNC simulationsoftware showing machine control panel simulation for HAAS control. (c) Swansoft CNCsimulation software showing machine control panel simulation on a tablet pc for Fanuc control.(d) VERICUT CNC machining and program verification software (e) VERICUT CNC onmachine probing simulation.Ideally, CAE analysis provides

Conference Session

Revitalization of Manufacturing Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shekar Viswanathan, National University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

review Student Assessments of Assignments, San Learning in EGR 496 A Quizzes Good and Bad Diego. and B assignments Off site 1 review Capstone Review by Panel San EGR 496 A & B, External Project of Experts Diego, evaluation of selected Assessments, Off site 8 Projects by a panel of written

Conference Session

Pipeline and Performance in BME Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Warnock, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

academicsuccess. At the end of each semester, students receive a grade for each course they complete,which is converted to a numerical value (A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1, F = 0) and multiplied by thenumber of credit hours to give the number of quality points. Quality points are divided by thenumber of credit hours to determine the GPA. Although this method allows courses withdifferent credit hours to be weighted differently, it does not allow for the relative difficulty ofcourses (i.e. lower level courses are treated as equal to upper level courses) and does not Page 26.589.3distinguish between subject areas so math, physics and engineering topics are

Conference Session

Fundamental: K-12 Students and Engineering Design Practices (Part 2)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianna L Dorie, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Gina Navoa Svarovsky, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

protect Clucky’s eggs from Foxy. In both the preliminary and follow-upphases the intended height of the tower was held constant through comparison with aplant (see Figure 1a) and a picture of a fox (Figure 2). Page 26.648.3 a) Dyad building a tower with foam blocks b) Dyad building a tower with Dado Squares Figure 1. The two design challenges adult-girl dyads engaged in.Table 1. Activity prompts for the two design challenges. Activity 1 - Foam Blocks Activity 2 - Dado SquaresPreliminary Phase Build a tower higher than this Build a tower as high as you plant

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elif Miskioglu, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

aggregate report of the profiles for students in two different sections with separateinstructors.Figure 3. Learning styles profiles for (A) Spring 2013 and (B) Spring 2014 material balancesstudents. Among students with a preference, active, sensing, visual, and sequential areconsistently predominant in the population, except in Spring 2014 where there is a nearly equalnumber of active and reflective students.In three particular instances, we observed a statistically significant difference (α = 0.05) instudent performance on an exam problem with respect to learning style. These instances occurredin the sensing/intuitive dimension (intuitors had lower scores), visual/verbal dimension (verballearners had lower scores), and the sequential/global

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert F. Richards, Washington State University; Fanhe Shamus Meng; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; Franco Louis Spadoni, Washington State University; Angelo Laury Ivory

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

areFigure 2. Venturi nozzle (a) CAD model dimensions, (b) CAD model rendering.accurate, easy to use and easy to understand is of crucial importance. Measurementtechniques must be robust, simple to employ, as intuitive as possible to interpret, withrelatively low uncertainty. If at all possible, students should be able to easily grasp thephysical concepts underlying the measurement techniques.To measure the flow rates of liquid, e.g. water, we have chosen to use a positivedisplacement method: a “bucket and stopwatch” technique. Water flowing out of theoutlet of each experiment is caught in a 500 mL measuring cup. The time to fill the 500mL is measured on a stopwatch. Unfortunately, we could devise no simple positivedisplacement method to measure the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Greenwood, University of Michigan; Dimitrios Zekkos P.E., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

projects with online class projects isthat student enthusiasm, commitment, and learning will be enhanced by working on projects thatare directly viewed and critiqued by the professional engineering community. Specifically, doesreceiving professional feedback through online projects improve: (a) student motivation andenthusiasm, (b) student commitment, and (c) learning? Similar to conventional projects, web-based projects have two primary components: a written report that is made available online andan oral presentation in the classroom. Web-based projects were implemented in two courses atthe University of Michigan, “Soil and Site Improvement” (CEE542) and “GeoenvironmentalEngineering” (CEE549)8, that were taught in the Winter 2014 and Winter 2013

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Alex Birdwell, Northwestern University; Michael Peshkin, Northwestern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

://lightboard.info.     Page 26.325.3  Figure  2.  A)  Lightboard  studio  centers  around  a  glass  board  mounted  on  a  rigid  frame  and  lit  internally.  The  presenter  is  illuminated  by  lights  from  the  front  (hanging  on  left  and  right),  sides  (wall  mounted  with  black  hoods),  and  from  above.    This  picture  was  taken  from  the  video  camera’s  point  of  view.    B)  Schematic  showing  layout  of  studio

Conference Session

Statics and Finite Element Analysis

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francesca G. Polo, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

only. If you were to switch the two cars, what effect would this have on A, if at all? Explain your reasoning. 2. Answer by observation only. If you were free to move support A, where would you move it to so that the beam would remain stable but force A would become as small as possible? Explain your reasoning. 3. Luke states: "Adding a 2,000 pound force B pointing down at P from the top of the beam has absolutely zero effect on force A needed to center the moments." Do you agree with Luke? Justify your answer. 4. Answer by observation only. Pivot P is moved from its original location to the right by five feet, closer to force A. List the steps

Conference Session

Two-year College Division: Authors Address Transfer Matters-Part I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Cooley Jones, Louisiana State University; Warren N. Waggenspack Jr., Louisiana State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

 expect to face any ACADEMIC hurdles?   a. If so, please describe them:  b. How did you plan to overcome the hurdles?  c. Did you actually experience these hurdles in your first year?   d. If so, how did you overcome them?     2. Did you expect to face any PERSONAL hurdles?   a. If so, please describe them:  b. How did you plan to overcome the hurdles?  c. Did you actually experience these hurdles in your first year?   d. If so, how did you overcome them?     3. Did you expect to face any FINANCIAL hurdles?   a. If so, please describe them:  b. How did you plan to overcome the hurdles?  c. Did you

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jean Hertzberg, University of Colorado, Boulder; Tim Curran, University of Colorado Boulder; Noah D Finkelstein, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

trained to perform the tasks ofdistinguishing images along such abstract lines, so an initial “proof of concept” experiment wasrun, n=6. The experiment used novice subjects. All images in this experiment were Von Kármánvortex streets. Images were shown for 2.0 seconds each. The format of this investigation was asfollows: Pre-test Training Post-testGroup A Match Name with Feedback MatchGroup B Match View MatchTable 1: Proof-of-Concept Groups and TasksPre- and Post-tests contained all the images; training was performed with only half of the images.Both groups demonstrated accuracy was better in the post-test than pre-test (50% is chance

Conference Session

Promoting Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

the program educational objectives. Student outcomes are outcomes (a) through (k) plus any additional outcomes that may be articulated by the program: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability (d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams (e) an ability to identify, formulate

Conference Session

Student Approaches to Problem Solving: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine D. McGough, Clemson University; Adam Kirn, Univeristy of Nevada, Reno; Courtney June Faber, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students were divided into two perceptions—Sugar Cone A identifies anengineering problem as a problem with specific steps, and Sugar Cone B students describeengineering problems as having a purpose (namely, something that improves technology)6. TheWaffle Cone students identified engineering problems as anything that makes things work; forCake Cone students, engineering problems can be anything6.MethodsSeven second and third year mechanical engineering and bioengineering students completed anopen-ended engineering problem which applied statics concepts in a cell biomechanics context.The participants volunteer research participants from sophomore bioengineering and mechanicalengineering courses. The problem solving sessions occurred outside of class

Conference Session

General Technical Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John P. Mullen, New Mexico State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

questions at this level 48% ofthe time. The OECD average is 55%. At level 4, 25% of the US students correctly answered thequestions, compared to the OECD average of 31%. At level 5, 9% of US students were correct,while the OECD average was 13%7. Even though the OECD averages are slightly higher, TheUS and OECD 10th and 90th percentiles are virtually the same. As noted in Figure 1, thedifferences from year to year are small, compared to the overall distribution of scores. Chris has just received her car driving license and wants to buy her first car. This table below shows the details of four cars she finds at a local car dealer. QUESTION: Which car’s engine capacity is the smallest? a) Alpha b

Conference Session

Curriculum in Engineering Leadership Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clinton Stephens, Iowa State University; Katherine Lynn Friesen, College of Engineering, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

.  (2013).  Developing  Students'  Leadership  Capacity:  New   Directions  for  Student  Services,  Number  140:  Wiley.  Hartmann,  B.  (2015).  Surveying  industry  needs  for  leadership  in  entry-­‐level  engineering   position,  Unpublished  manuscript.  Iowa  State  University.      Higher  Education  Research  Institute.  (1996).  A  social  change  model  of  leadership   development:  Guidebook  version  III.  College  Park,  MD:  National  Clearinghouse  for   Leadership  Programs.  Kouzes,  J.  M.,  &  Posner,  B.  Z.  (2005).  The  Student  Leadership  Practices  Inventory  (LPI):   Wiley.  Kouzes,  J.  M.,  &  Posner,  B.  Z.  (2012).  The  Leadership  Challenge:  How  to

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 6: Hands-on Projects and Spatial Skills

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Jane Grigg, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

errors on two of the instructor’s course sites. In total, thisanalysis includes responses from 341 out of 616 students (55.5% response rate) enrolled in 12course sections taught by 6 different instructors using PROCESS. This sample of students wasused to evaluate the student learning outcomes and perceptions of the course and the PROCESSrubric. Instructors and graders completed a similar survey about the PROCESS rubric. Seveninstructors and 5 graders completed the survey.Sample PopulationThe distribution of final course grades of student survey respondents was representative of thedistribution found overall. The sample population has a slightly higher response rate fromstudents earning A or B grades and a slightly lower response rate from

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed S. Khan, DeVry University, Addison; William Peter Herner; Christopher John Olejniczak, Devry University ; Kulsoom Ahmed

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. II. Project Overview and ObjectiveHospitals are tending to a lot of patients on daily basis. In case of emergencies and/or dailypatient care, urgent assistance may arise that requires quick and organized response from staff.It’s also important to limit access to patients for security reasons and/or safety, that in case of airborn or incurable diseases. The hospitals need monitoring systems which can perform to: a. Improve staff-to-staff or patient-to-staff communication. b. Provide safer environment without additional resources. c. Improve critical/emergency rapid response. d. Provide supporting evidences determining accident cause and analysis. e. Increase efficiency through better time management.The objective

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Serdar Tumkor, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown; Roelof Harm de Vries, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

in various forms. a. Classroom – Basics of orthographic projection b. Classroom – Creating 3-D foam models of parts c. AutoCAD to solve orthographic projection problems d. Classroom – Basics of isometric drawings e. Classroom – Basics of auxiliary views f. Classroom – Basics of sectional views g. AutoCAD and Inventor to create auxiliary views h. Inventor to create sectional views i. Classroom – Exercises in descriptive geometry II. Learning software. a. AutoCAD basics, then introducing new commands as needed each class session b. Learning by practice – using AutoCAD to solve visualization problems and create drawings c. Inventor basics, then introducing new

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Masoud Fathizadeh P.E., Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology); Kevin E Horecky

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

A B C D R3 1kΩ V1 5V R4 72 % Key = A 1kΩ R2 50kΩ C1 1.5uFFigure-10 A typical Low Pass filter and its output response used to reduce the noise effect due to bumpson the road

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University; Ali Sanati-Mehrizy; Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

care, physicians can predict the future of a bacterial infectionor an allergic reaction. These types of sequences are harmful and need to be brought to anend as soon as possible. To do so, physicians recommend necessary treatments toterminate these undesirable sequences.Implementation ModelA multiway lexicographic search tree can be used to represent event sequences where anevent from the sequence of events determines a multiway branch at each step. If thesequence is constructed from the English alphabets, at the root of the tree there are 27possible branches. Similarly, there are 27 braches for each subsequent node of the tree.For the sake of simplicity, assume we have a text that its words are constructed from theletters a, b, and c. The

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-oriented Studies: Mechanical Engineering and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julianne Vernon, University of Michigan, College of Engineering; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Noel C. Perkins, University of Michigan; Bradford G Orr, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

. These scores are not significantly different (p-value #1 = 0.797 and p-value#2 = 0.621)Only one of the fourteen DCI concepts for Intervention #1 had statistically significant differencewhen compared to Control #1. The score on concept 8 (zero velocity does not imply zeroacceleration and conversely) for students in the Intervention #1 is statistically significantlyhigher than that for students in Control #1 (53% ± 3.9% versus 26% ± 6.0%, p<0.0001). Thisconcept measures a student’s understanding that: “An object can have (a) nonzero accelerationand zero velocity or (b) nonzero velocity and no acceleration.” Though the concept isn’t directlylinked to either of the i-Newton experiments for that specific term, the concept was covered inthe

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amjad Aman, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida; Yunjun Xu, University of Central Florida; Haiyan Bai, University of Central Florida; Nina Orlovskaya, University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

videos. The five modules are: (i) introduction, (ii) applications, (iii) fuel cellsystems, (iv) cell level, and (v) fuel cell science. There are two important standpoints in thedevelopment of this software: (a) contents, and (b) interconnectedness among software modules. Page 26.1010.4First, the educational content is presented in the form of text, video, and animations with audio.All the material contents are verified by the instructor of the fuel cell courses. The design,sequence and flow or continuity of the animations and videos have been deliberately plannedout. At the same time, the animations/videos are made to keep student’s attention

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuesong Li P.E., Washington State University; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

direction from the inside of the electrode to the outsideand the K+ gradient is in the opposite direction. After 10 min of calibration the di-ISE systemwill reach the Na+ and K+ ion concentration/electrical equilibrium resting potential as is for a Page 26.837.4living neuron before stimulation [11].Fig. 3 B shows how the sensor will react when the K+ ionophore side is blocked by a screw-actuated flexible cover. Blockade of the K+ flux allows fewer K+ ions to flow through themembrane than Na+ ions, i.e., only those carried by the low K+ selective NaX will cross on theNaX side. Hence, the voltage will change and move towards the Na+ equilibrium

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Materials

interrupting and talking over eachother, at three minutes they begin to build a conversation.Speaker A: How many pellets do we want to make, because she said it was like uh five grams.Speaker B: No, because we are not going to do just one pellet so we are definitely going to need controlsand stuffSpeaker A: Yeah that's trueSpeaker C: For the 0.6 it says about 1g?Speaker D: How expensive were the dopants?At six minutesSpeaker B : So should we plan to do like 3 pellets per thing so that we have uh error bars?Speaker A: Yeah that would be goodSpeaker D: Yeah I think 3 or fiveSpeaker B : Wait, point 3 or moreSpeaker D, A, B: YeahSpeaker A: So which, so whichSpeaker D: interrupting - 9 pelletsSpeaker A: 9 pellets?Speaker A, C, B: Three, three three dopants

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions III: Writing as Social–Technical Integration

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natascha M. Trellinger, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rebecca R. Essig, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Cary D. Troy, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Josh Boyd, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

: Explanation 13 7 3 3 6 0 30.2% of a concept (3. b.) Conceptual: Identification 9 3 4 4 1 2 21.7% of a concept (3. c.) Total Writing Prompts in Chapter/Total End- 44/148 14/112 18/135 14/207 9/42 9/90 of-Chapter Problems Percentage of problems with 29.7% 12.5% 13.3% 6.8% 21.4% 10.0% writing prompts (%)a Total writing prompts: 44+14+18+12+9+9=106. Relative % given as sum of found promptsdivided by 106.Textbook Summaries and AnalysisAs part of our analysis, the research team also examined each textbook for features