Conference Session

Let’s Get Pumped: Innovative Approaches for Better Student Engagement

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University; Camilla M. Saviz P.E., University of the Pacific; David A Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Count of Studentsfrom which to draw conclusions. 25Students were provided space to offer 20 Stronglycomments on each statement. Overall, the 15 Agreecomments reflected the positive effect ofcandy on the classroom atmosphere and in 10 Disagree Stronglyproviding incentives to participate, as

Conference Session

EET Papers 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elaine M. Cooney, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Paul Yearling P.E., Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Karl J. Huehne, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

were clarified. Students came to lab more familiar with the circuit and the process to buildit. All these effects contributed to prevent mistakes in the process.To sustain these improvements, the revisions to the lab assignment will be made permanent; theinstructor and teaching assistants will look for clarifications in other assignment instructions. In thefuture, students will be asked to anticipate failure modes and how to prevent them as part of the pre-laboratory assignment, then reflect on those predictions in lab report conclusions. Training on otherLean Six Sigma techniques will be included in the curriculum.This project demonstrates that even a brief, 75 minute Kaizen event held for freshman circuits studentscan improve their

Conference Session

Pre-college: Summer Experiences for Students and Teachers (2)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Trina L. Fletcher, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Monique S Ross, Florida International University; Christopher Alexander Carr, National Society of Black Engineers; Brittany Boyd, National Society of Black Engineers

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

and pre and postprogram assessment that includes both academic and interest outcomes. Various statistical testsincluding an ANOVA analysis of mean differences as well as a regression analysis of the studentand mentor data should be conducted. Additionally, as introduced within the limitations section,an analysis of classroom mentors opened-ended questions should be analyzed for qualitativeresearch purposes. This is especially important for those mentors who had negative experiencesand may have reflected that information within the survey.BIBLIOGRAPHY[1] Afterschool Alliance (2004). American After 3 PM: Afterschool Programs in Demand.[2] Afterschool Alliance. (2011). Afterschool: A vital partner in STEM education. Retrieved from http

Conference Session

Student Division Early Introduction to Engineering Technical Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Evanoski-Cole, Colorado State University; Kimberly Catton P.E., Colorado State University; Bert Vermeulen, Colorado State University; Jamison Taylor Bair, Colorado State University; Thomas H. Bradley, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Student

be able to keepup or handle the stress.” These comments point to the need to understand student confidencelevels and provide more support and opportunities for students to improve their confidence inengineering in order to increase retention.ConclusionsIn this study, survey data collected during a first-year engineering course designed for undecidedstudents showed significant trends in student attitudes towards the required math, chemistry, andphysics classes throughout the semester. Students viewed math as being more important toengineering than chemistry, which reflects the emphasis placed on a strong math foundation tobe successful in studying engineering. Students found math, chemistry and physics morechallenging at the end of the

Conference Session

Pre-College: Fundamental Research in Engineering Education (2)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Wilson-Lopez, Utah State University, Teacher Education and Leadership; Jared W. Garlick, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

include discipline-specific elements of arguments, such as weighing and justifyingtrade-offs based on prioritized criteria and constraints, which are features of argumentation inengineering.21 Thus, more discipline-specific instruments are needed to assess students’argumentation in engineering.Some existing instruments can be used to determine the quality of students’ writing inengineering. Most notably, Abts and colleagues developed the Engineering Design ProcessPortfolio Scoring Rubric,22 which includes the following two elements: “evaluation, reflection,and recommendations” and “presenting the project.” These elements might be related toargumentation, in the sense that students are expected to present the project “for the audiencesand purposes

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Hu P.E., Tatung University; Amy Shumin Chen, Tatung University, Center for General Education; Yung-Yu Chen; Chao Yang Yang, Tatung University; Ching-Long Yeh

Tagged Divisions

Materials

were able to analyze their experimental processes from differentperspectives to explain and present in a professional manner. It seems well consistencythat students with higher assessment scores in the six criteria have higher course grades.Some team members with lower performances were mainly due to not the adequatethroughout project development, which was reflected on the quality of requested deliverables,including the final presentation. This means that students are lack of enough knowledge orhave a wealth of disconnected knowledge and do not know how to build relationships amongthem. Students become more confident to face and deal with the laboratory problems aftertraining with the design-based course modules. In addition

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies - Labs in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yasser M. Al Hamidi, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Shameel Abdulla, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Ibrahim Hassan P.E., Texas A&M Univeristy at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

flight.Results and Analysis Made by the StudentsThe work objective of the vibration team for this project was to assemble the inner spool of the 3Dprinted jet engine on the GUNT Hamburg machine, balance it, and then study its vibrations fordifferent faulty bearings through envelope analysis. The team had 6 weeks to conduct theexperiment, collect the data and analyze them, after they complete the setup of the jet engine. Thefaulty bearings were taken from the GUNT machine which has five different faulty bearings (B,C, D, E and F while bearing A has no faults). The difference between the bearings is the locationand severity of the faults, which is reflected in the envelope analysis plots for each bearing. TheGUNT software generated the plots for the

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shiny Abraham, Seattle University; Agnieszka Miguel, Seattle University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

level of agreement onwhether the session changed their perception of ECE, and the corresponding responses areshown in Figure 1.d. It can be observed that 80 percent of the respondents indicated a change inperception, while 20 percent didn’t. Of the two respondents who stated that the IoT sessiondidn’t change their perception of ECE, one was a student who maintained an interest in ECEafter the session. Responses to survey questions #5 and #6 are shown in Figures 1.e and 1.f, and they reflect theimpact of the IoT session on the respondents’ enhanced interest of ECE, and their motivation tostrongly consider it as a choice of engineering discipline. It can be observed that 80 percent ofthe respondents indicated an enhanced interest in ECE, and 60

Conference Session

First Year Computing Topics

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa I Jaksic P.E., Colorado State University, Pueblo; Boyan Li; Benjamin Maestas; Katheryn Michelle Rothermal

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

includes sections on previous work, curricular context, description of the robotichardware with associated integrated development environment (IDE), and educationalexperiences for the robot builders as well as the first-year students. The results of a shortquestionnaire are provided and analyzed and appropriate conclusions drawn.Previous WorkThe importance of laboratory experiences and projects in engineering education can be justifiedby various learning theories, e.g., “Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle.” According to Kolb1,regardless of the learning style, people learn best if they follow a cycle consisting of four steps(axes): experiencing (concrete experience), watching (reflective observation), thinking/modeling(abstract conceptualization

Conference Session

Architectural Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudarshan Krishnan, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

, industrial design, mathematics, computer science, aerospace, mechanicaland structural engineering. A partial list of potential topics include: (1) Designs of deployableroofs for stadia; (2) Design of a kinetic façade system and its actuation mechanism; (3) Designof foldable furniture for efficiency or studio-type apartments; (4) New mechanical linkagesusing mechanisms from nature; (5) Actuation methods through external mechanisms, thermalvariation, and/or self-folding processes; (6) Applications of origami-based deployable systemsin architectural structures; (7) Mathematical algorithms for foldable geometrical forms; amongothers. Topics shall be updated to reflect new advances in materials, analyses and designmethods

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Evan C. Lemley, University of Central Oklahoma; Thomas Chen

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

impacted research, but also the classes that are using ​Buddy​.​The items in Tables One and Two reflect considerable effort on the part of faculty, students, andthe co-authors of this paper. It should not appear as though these results were not “hard-won.” Inthe conclusions of this paper we list some of the issues that have arisen in this deployment andoperation of the ​Buddy​ cluster in hopes that others can at least be aware of pitfalls.Conclusions and DiscussionAt UCO an NSF MRI grant was competed for and won for a HPC cluster, ​Buddy​, to enable andenhance the research computing environment at UCO, which had not had any such facilitiesbefore. The competition for ​Buddy​ took several tries with

Conference Session

Design & Development Projects and Practices

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.Bibliography[1] Bureau of the Census, Statistical brief: advanced manufacturing technology SB-13-90, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1990.[2] U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products - Flexible Manufacturing (Grouping 06) by Country (YTD DECEMBER 2015) - Monthly and Cumulative Data (in Millions US $). Available online at: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/product/atp/2015/12/atpctry/atpg06.html (last accessed in July 2016).[3] U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products - Flexible Manufacturing (Grouping 06) by Country (YTD DECEMBER 2014) - Monthly and Cumulative Data (in Millions

Conference Session

The 2017 Zone Best Paper Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eileen Haase Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University; Harry R. Goldberg, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Topics

Council of Sections

MoleCell activity this semester was just having a team to work with on activities (not necessarily the quizzes). It was nice to have a group of classmates I could talk to and consult in class and sometimes outside as well. I enjoyed when we talked about diseases in more depth. I also really liked learning about the different signal pathways and how certain breakdowns in the pathways can lead to various diseases. Cancer topics very interesting and relevant. I loved the clicker questions - it really helped with learning and understanding the material.In fact, almost two-thirds of the students in the class arranged study groups which met outside ofclass which could be viewed as a reflection of the student’s perceived value of

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Ranalli, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton Campus; Susan E Chappell, Penn State University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

share activities that would add valueto your recruitment process.8. Please add any other reflections and suggestions for improved career development andemployer engagement events for our students.

Conference Session

ETD Curriculum

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behbood Ben Zoghi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

required to supplement the remote classroom experience. Social activities during this residency will bring cohorts together for a final shared experience. 3. Capstone/Graduation Residency (Reflections) - The culmination of the TCMT program, this residency provides students the forum for final class presentations and assessments. Interactions, discussions, and feedback mark the integration of learning and application. Students participate in Aggie's graduation ceremonies alongside campus students.Residency Week 2017 will be held August 13-17, 2018 in College Station, Texas.Costs & AdmissionsThe 2018-2019 tuition rate for the METM program is $45,000 for in-state and $55,000 for out-of

Conference Session

Early ChemE Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grace Katherine Harrell, Oklahoma State University; Alexandra Nicole McPeak, Oklahoma State University; Ashlee Nicole Ford Versypt, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

the Manufacturing Excellence group as a Process Engineer for the Paper Machines.Dr. Ashlee Nicole Ford Versypt, Oklahoma State University Dr. Ashlee N. Ford Versypt is an assistant professor in the School of Chemical Engineering at Oklahoma State University. She earned her Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in ChE at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and her B.S. at the University of Oklahoma. She also conducted postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her research focuses on developing computational models for systems biomedicine & pharmaceutics and using computing and reflection in the classroom. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yashu Kang, Chung Yuan Christian University; Yao-Jen Chang, Chung Yuan Christian University; Shaou-Gang Miaou, Chung-Yuan Christian University; Chen Li-Yu, Chung Yuan Christian University; Yao-Sheng Chang, Department of Tourism and Leisure Management, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Student C. The findings suggested the community-basedparticipatory research project positively influenced the ECE students’ motivation inprofessional development, skill levels of problem solving, and interpersonalcommunication.Lessons LearnedThe engineering students identified some of the problems faced by children with ASDwho attended a special education school, worked out solutions to implement change,and reflected on the process. The service learning project improved the quality ofprofessional development for several reasons. First, action engagement improved thestudents’ domain knowledge of local work practice through personal involvement.Additionally, personal involvement by the students enhanced their emotionalunderstanding of some

Conference Session

Design Tools and Skill Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William H. Guilford, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

noted that the number of questions and responsesin each dimension were identical. The composite score shows that while students report feelingmore able and motivated to perform engineering design, and less apprehensive about doing so,they remain no more convinced that they will be successful in completing the task (p = 0.888, d= 0.012, N=84 for success). This is in contrast to students to first-year students in a very similarimmersive project-based design class taught by us, who showed significant gains in thesuccessful dimension over the course of a single semester [11]. This may reflect a limitation ofthe skills-focused approach; students do not see the end product of a design experience. Table 2: Gain and in loss in dimensions of engineering

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hossein EbrahimNejad, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

interpersonal 3. Engineering skills: design and system integration 4. Business skills and acumen: cost accounting, scheduling, and planningUsing these categories offered a simplifying strategy for presenting all of the literature reviewedin this study, from both themes. Results are shown in table 2.Although articles in this theme do not attempt to elaborate upon how these necessarycompetencies should be taught or applied within the engineering curricula, they did all reflect anattitude that the reform of engineering curricula is a work in process that should continue,sometimes offering a proposed categorized list of competencies which they felt could bridge thetransition between academia and industry10.Theme 2: Approaches to Address

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Rishi Kripalani

Tagged Divisions

Materials

testing can be done in about 2 hours. Like standard batteries, the voltage output reflects thechemical potential difference of the electrode metals and the flow of current happens through iontransport in the electrolytes and salt bridge. This origami paper microfluidic battery is a low-costactivity that deepens the understanding of capillary action, chemical potential, and chargetransport in batteries. It also represents a hands-on way to introduce students to the emergingtechnology of paper microfluidics.Introduction to Paper Microfluidic TechnologyPaper-based analytical devices are an emerging, ultra-low cost, open-source, scalable, portable,solution for biological and chemical sensing assays pioneered by Carrilho, Martinez, &Whitesides

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve E. Watkins, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Randall L Musselman, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

could be configured to transmit when the UAV experiences loss of power orwhen an accelerometer senses an impact. The operator components are the receiving antennaand receiver. A highly discernable antenna pattern is needed for the receiving function. The on-board power needs for the transmitter are defined by the search limits. Power concerns arerelated to the maximum distance between the operator and the crashed UAV and to the desiredsearch time. The procedure for the transmitter hunt is influenced by the antenna characteristics,the supporting electronics, and the environment. For instance, direction finding is complicatedby obstacles or terrain that block line of sight and introduce multipath reflections. An appropriate frequency of

Conference Session

CoED: Computer Science Topics

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afrin Naz, West Virginia University Institute of Technology; Mingyu Lu, West Virginia University Institute of Technology; Cody Ryan Zackoski, West Virginia University Institute of Technology; Caleb R Dingus, West Virginia University Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

user to learn about reflection, rotation, and transcribingpoints using a square with four points on the corners. Pressing the buttons shows how each pointis moved around the graph.Sample Scratch project developed for English class:The Vocab Project is a program that allows the user to take a vocab quiz to test their knowledgeof words taught in class. The program will tell the user if they got the answer right or not andexplain what words they need to review the definitions.Sample Scratch project developed for Music class:The Music Intro Project is a fun and simple program to introduce the rules and expectations of amusic/digital arts class. It uses animations and music to explain the syllabus and some of theguidelines for the class

Conference Session

ETD Accreditation and Assessment

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mir M. Hayder, Savannah State University; Mohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University; Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Alberto G. De La Cruz, Savannah State University; Lisa Yount, Savannah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

degree from a program that isnationally accredited provides the students confidence in the quality of education they receive[5]. Accreditation status provides the opportunity to students to transfer their credits to otheraccredited programs or institutions, if needed and also signals the potential employers that astudent’s degree met the widely accepted standards relevant to his/her program [6]. For a highereducational institution and its programs, accreditation provides the opportunity for self-definitionand self-reflection, and opens the door for continuous improvement effort [7, 8].Savannah State University (SSU) is a SACS (Southern Association of Colleges and Schools)accredited higher educational institution. Southern Association of Colleges

Conference Session

Student Feedback and Assessment in Design

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andreas Febrian, Utah State University, Engineering Education; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Conference Session

Continuing Education for Faculty

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

educative assessment (8, 27) .This would include decisions on how to provideinformation on students’ strengths and their mastery of course material, as well asguidance on how to proceed with learning activities to insure compliance withdefined goals and how to improve students’ performance and their grasp of newmaterial. Students will eventually need reliable feedback on their performance thatallows them to move forward as learners and deepens their understanding of thesubject matter. This feedback could come from the instructor, their classmates, theirown self-reflection, or a combination of the three. (27, 28)Another important factor in the optimization process is to integrate the differentcourse components (learning goals, teaching/learning

Conference Session

Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: The Role of Engineering Education towards Attaining UN Sustainable Development Goals

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tripp Shealy, Virginia Tech; Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Haley Margaret Gardner

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Community Engagement Division, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Minorities in Engineering

careers to solvesocietal challenges that mitigate and prepare for climate change and its global implications forsustainability. Attached below is the survey instrument developed and currently undergoing validatingand reliability testing.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1635534. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material arethose of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.ReferencesABET. (2013). Criteria for accrediting engineering programs, 2014 - 2015. Retrieved from http://www.abet.org/eac-criteria-2014-2015/Allenby, B., Murphy, C., Allen, D., & Davidson, C. (2009

Conference Session

Interactive Approaches to Ethics

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison J. Kerr, University of Tulsa; Bradley J. Brummel, University of Tulsa; Jeremy S. Daily P.E., University of Tulsa

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

group review session was helpful? Why or Why not?” Select Response I learned what I did wrong in the report and during the interview session. I shouldn't have made any assumptions when I don't have enough information and when I don't have the expertise in the subject. We were all able to reflect on our different experiences and thoughts. Everyone had a slightly different viewpoint so it was really good to see all sides of the situation in order to learn that much more. It helped me understand the point of the exercise. Up until the group session, I was honestly very frustrated with the project, but hearing why certain things were done helped me understand the point of it more. It showed us the other side

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Beyond the University

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sunni Haag Newton, Georgia Institute of Technology; Anna Newsome Holcomb, Georgia Institute of Technology, CEISMC

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, specifics of implementation in differentenvironments, and reflections on gender effects. In general, teachers perceive the InVentureChallenge as an engaging way of broadening participation in engineering, expanding thestudents’ experiences outside of the classroom, fostering teamwork and collaboration, andbuilding a partnership with Georgia Tech.Introduction and Guiding QuestionsMany studies have demonstrated the need for greater participation and increased diversity inscience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to sustain economic growth andmeet global challenges1. One important element in the STEM enterprise is the process of creativeinnovation—of reimagining problems and solutions in new and different ways and designing andproducing

Conference Session

Assessment and Liberal Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caitlin Donahue Wylie, University of Virginia; Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Toluwalogo Odumosu, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

those they serve, but it should not be the only component.This advice ranges in tone from “should consider” to “would have to change”. They all express aconditional sense of what to do if the cameras are adopted, but with a variety of levels offorcefulness. The groups affected by these recommendations range from the police, government,and jurors, reflecting students’ embrace of the multi-stakeholder approach to understandingsociotechnical situations. Another category of recommendations focuses on research andmindset. For example, some students urge leaders to stay open-minded, e.g., “It will be importantfor the city council to try to employ interpretive flexibility when research[ing] and anticipatingthe potential responses to the

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammed BOUGAA, CentraleSupelec and EISTI; Stefan Bornhofen, EISTI; Alain RIVIERE, SUPMECA; JEAN-CLAUDE TUCOULOU, AFIS ASSOCIATION FRANCAISE D'INGENIERIE SYSTEME

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

” [6]. Thefollowing list compiles a number of significant advances:Systems Engineering competenciesAccording to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge book (SEBoK) [6], SE compe-tencies reflect the individual’s Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Attitudes (KSAAs), whichare developed through education, training, and on-the-job experience. According to the samesource, ”For an individual, a set of KSAAs enables the fulfillment of the competencies neededto perform the tasks associated with the assigned systems engineering role”. A set of SE competencies form a SE competency model which reflects the individual’sKSAAs. The KSAAs are in turn related to different roles in the company or the project, sothat they are associated to a set of tasks. A