Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Emery Mertz, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

of Engineering Education, vol. 13, pp. 190-197, 1997.[6] M. B. R. Vallim, J. M. Farines and J. E. R. Cury, “Practicing engineering in a freshmanintroductory course,” Education, IEEE Transaction on, vol. 49, pp.74-79, 2006.[7] S. D. Sheppard and J. Jenison, “Thoughts on freshman engineering design experiences,” inFrontiers in Education Conference, 1996. FIE’96. 26th Annual Conference, the proceedings of,pp. 909-913 vol. 2, 1996.[8] Reid,K., Ferguson, D.M., “Enhancing the entrepreneurial mindset of freshman engineers”, inAmerican Society of Engineering Education, proceedings of, Vancouver, BC, 2011.[9] Singh, P., Moncada, M.V., “Instilling the entrepreneurial mindset by internationaldevelopment project”, in American Society of Engineering

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alamgir A. Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University; Awilma Paola Ventura Lugo, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

hydraulic system.References1. Sullivan, J., Fluid Power Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1998.2. Rydberg, K.; Energy Efficient Hydraulics – System solutions for loss minimization; National Conference on Fluid Power, Linkoping University, Sweden. March 2015.3. Choudhury, A. and Rodriguez, J.; Experimental Analysis for Energy-efficient Product Design, Journal of Engineering Technology, Volume 34(1), 2017.4. Choudhury, A., Rodriguez, P. Ikonomov, J. He, B. De Young, R. Kamm, S. Hinton, Human powered energy efficient vehicle design, Proceedings the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX, June 2012.5. Borghi, M., Zardin, B. Pintore, F., and Belluzi, F.; Energy

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reg Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

learning objectives will be reported as well. The outcomes of this curriculumenhancement by smart grid are:(a) A well-established electrical power systems and machinery course with smart grid applications is added to the B.S. in Engineering Technology curriculum;(b) This class will help to collect assessment data for the criteria 3 of the ABET-ETAC requirements;(c) Students are exposed to real-time data acquisition and instrumentation applications in smart grid using FESTO’s LVDAC as well as National Instrument’s LabVIEWTM-based myDAQ board and a number of voltage, current, solar radiation (pyranometer), and wind speed (anemometer) sensors.References[1] Justo, J.J., Mwasilu, F., Lee, J., & Jung, J.W. (2013). AC-microgrids versus

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

2010 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Louisville, Kentucky. https://peer.asee.org/160813. Ulseth, R. R., & Froyd, J. E., & Litzinger, T. A., & Ewert, D., & Johnson, B. M. (2011, June), A New Model of Project-Based Learning in Engineering Education Paper presented at 2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Vancouver, BC. https://peer.asee.org/173604. Torres, A., & Sriraman, V. (2015, June), Project Based Learning in Concrete Industry Project Management Paper presented at 2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Seattle, Washington. 10.18260/p.245995. Nespoli, O. G., & Tempelman, H., & Spencer, R., & Lambert, S. (2011, June), Disk Brake Design Case

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hossein Salehfar, University of North Dakota; Michael Klein, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, which will permit the power losses on the conductors to be estimated. Reference[25] shows how dividing the generation into two sites on opposite sides of a village and using anO-shaped distribution layout reduces voltage dip, conductor cost, and PV/battery sizes comparedto a single location. The largest load in Lingbinsi is the pump, so one PV-battery section will beplaced by the water tower and the other on the north side of the village as shown in Figure 1,making an O-shape and keeping the PV cells out of the floodplain on the east side of the villageand away from roads, minimizing dust buildup. The main grid consists of Lines A and B, where Line B is divided into three sub-sections. Thevillage was also divided into sectors served by each

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Paul A. Dolloff PE, University of Kentucky; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

technique • Two-winding transformer • Example of modified iterative • Two-winding autotransformer ladder technique 15 • Step-voltage regulators 16 • Correcting voltage issues without step- • Type A and Type B single-phase voltage regulators voltage regulators • Use of capacitors in distribution systems 17 • Introduction to three-phase step-voltage regulators • Wye-connected regulators N/A • Closed delta regulators • Open delta regulatorsHomework

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Vernon Cook, University of Pittsburgh; Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Brandon M. Grainger, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

systems and components whichfrequently have power quality issues, and become familiar with industry grade equipment andmeasurement devices.”From this description, students were made aware that the focus of the course was on powerquality and the associated concepts, but that they would also become familiar with industrialgrade equipment. B. Course Goals and ObjectivesThe goal of the course was for the student to gain a more practical understanding of electricpower systems, variable frequency drive operation of electric machines, basics of powerelectronics, and how these major components impact power quality on electrical systems. Inaddition, students would acquire extensive hands on skills that are not taught in other electricpower classes or

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Dekwuan Stokes, University of Pittsburgh; Ryan M. Brody, University of Pittsburgh; Adam Emes, University of Pittsburgh; Alexander Williams, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the current. That means for each event that occurs, six waveformsare recorded. These waveforms will be referred to as the voltage and current profiles. B. Sampling Waveforms The process of sampling raw captured waveforms entails determining which data to feed into the machine learningalgorithm. The PowerVisa has a sample rate of 256 samples/cycle [8], or 15,360 Hz for a 60 Hz grid. As such,analyzing the transient events would likely produce unreliable results. Because of this, the transient portion of thewaveforms are ignored, and the steady-state waveforms from the pre-transient and post-transient portions of eachevent were the chosen as the input for the NILM algorithm. For consistency, each waveform sample represents twocycles of

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Mativo, University of Georgia; Daniel Plant, University of Georgia; Daniel Ethan Wallon, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

linear approximation of the data was used for future calculations. (a) Driver Side View (b) Passenger Side View (c) Support SystemFigure 3: Friction Testing 1/3 Scale Ford Model-T Friction Estimate y = 0.6853x + 10.439 25 Torque at Wheel [Nm] 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Vehicle

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Southern University and A&M College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, 2003.28. N. Mohan, Power Electronics: A First Course, Wiley, 2011.29. D.W. Hart, Power Electronics, McGraw Hill, 2011 (ISBN: 978-0-07-338067-4).30. R. Shaffer, Fundamentals of Power Electronics with MATLAB, Charles River Media, Boston, MA, USA, 2007.31. P. T. Krein, Elements of Power Electronics (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, 2015.32. R.G. Belu, Power Electronics and Controls for Photovoltaic Systems, Handbook of Research on Solar EnergySystems and Technologies (Eds: Dr. Sohail Anwar, Dr. Salahuddin Qazi, and Dr. Harry Efstathiadis), IGI, Global,pp. 68-125, 2012 (DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1996-8.ch004).33. S. M. Sharkh, M. A. Abu-Sara, G. I. Orfanoudakis, and B. Hussain, Power Electronic Converters forMicrogrids, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2014.34. R

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria A. Scala, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky P.E., United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. Students then analyzed Energy ManagementOpportunities (EMOs), Green Energy Opportunities (GEOs) and life cycle costs and stated theirprioritized recommendations, including an evaluation of installed and possible future greenmeasures. Finally, during an oral presentation, the buildings, EMOs and GEOs were compared.Results were assessed through both student feedback and project quality. Students appreciatedthe realistic project and being able to look at energy efficiency and the economics ofsustainability. Projects were assessed by the instructor and 78% of the class had a B+ or higheron the project, exceeding expectations. The oral presentation had similarly positive results.IntroductionIn modern engineering design, green engineering and

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reg Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Ulan Dakeev, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

system (ground source heat pump) [1-2].The geothermal heat pump (HP) has the same components as the standard forced-air heat pumpsystem. It has an evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion device, and a four-way valve thatallows the refrigeration cycle inversion. Those known as ground source heat pumps are among themost energy efficient systems available today for HVAC applications. Depending on geographicallocation, typical energy savings from a geothermal heat pump system are from 25% to 75% [1-2].Underground temperature values and approximate ground water temperatures in the United Statesare shown in Figure 3a-b. The geothermal energy available in the ground is essentially the energythat the earth has absorbed from the sun’s radiation. The

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jinmyun Jo, Virginia State University; Xiaoyu Zhang, Old Dominion University; Ali A. Ansari, Virginia State University; Pamela Leigh-Mack, Virginia State University; James Irvin Cooke Jr., Virginia State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

achieved. bipolar plate (black) PEM (white) Fig. 2. Horizon 100W fuel cell stack for ground applications. Fig. 3. Bipolar plate (Horizon design with 33 straight flow channels). Fig. 4. (a) End plate for Hydrogen Intake and Exhaust and (b) End plate for counter side.Figure 5(a) shows the image of 3D-printed collector plates. Since the Polyethylene TerephthalateGlycol (PETG) filament is an electrically insulating material, copper-painting and electroplatingwere used to

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Lynn Wade, Northern Arizona University; Karin E. Wadsack, Northern Arizona University School of Earth & Sustainability; Benjamin L. Ruddell, Northern Arizona University; Brent A. Nelson, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

collaborative projects betweenthe academic and facilities sides of the university that will serve both educational andenvironmental interests going forward.References[1] P. Ballon and D. Schuurman, "Living labs: concepts, tools and cases," Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, vol. 17, no. 4, 2015.[2] C. Veekman, D. Schuurman, S. Leminen and M. Westurlund, "Linking Living Lab Characteristics and Their Outcomes: Towards a Conceptual Framework," Technology Innovation Management Review, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 6-15, 2013.[3] T. Cohen and B. Lovell, "The Campus as a Living Laboratory: Using the Built Environment to Revitalize College Education," Sustainability Education & Economic Development Center by The American Association of

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Bruce Allen Peterson, Minnesota State Energy Center of Excellence

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #25914Managing a Multi-Institution Block Grant for Renewable Electricity ResearchDr. Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato Dr. Patrick Tebbe is a professor and chair of the Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering at Minnesota State University, Mankato. Dr. Tebbe received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering as well as the M.S. in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Missouri–Columbia. He is currently a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), student branch advi- sor for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Cherif Megri, North Carolina A&T State University; Sameer Hamoush P.E., North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #27256Pipeline Development of Skilled Students in Advanced Control SystemsDr. Ahmed Cherif Megri, North Carolina A&T State University Dr. Ahmed C. Megri is an Associate Professor of engineering. He received his HDR (Dr. Habilitation) in Engineering Sciences, from Marie and Pierre Curie University, Paris VI (Sorbonne Universities), in 2011, and his Ph.D. in Thermal Engineering, from Lyon Institute of Technology in 1995. He wrote more than 100 papers in the journal and international conferences. His research interests include thermal and mechanical modeling and simulation of materials. He participates in multiple

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glenn T. Wrate P.E., Northern Michigan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

resistances are found: a. High-voltage winding to low-voltage winding and to ground b. High-voltage winding to ground c. Low-voltage winding to high-voltage winding and to ground d. Low-voltage winding to ground e. High-voltage winding to low-voltage windingThe test connections are shown in Figure 4. a. High-voltage winding to low-voltage b. High-voltage winding to ground c. Low-voltage winding to high-voltage winding and to ground winding and to ground d. Low-voltage winding to ground e. High-voltage winding to low-voltage

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. F2G-10 – F2G-13, Oct2005[5] Huff, M., E.J. William, V. Gupta, and H. Hess, “Students Tailor a Practical Web ContentManagement System for Effective Communication and Coordination Among Integrated ProjectTeams of Industry, Government, and Academic Researchers,” ASEE Annual Conference andExposition, June 2010, Louisville, Paper AC 2010-529.[6] Hess, H., B. Johnson, R. Jain, and A. Dahal, “Integrated Multisource Renewable EnergySystem Design: A Student Project,” ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June 2014,Indianapolis, Paper 10201.[7] Hess, H. and E.J. William, “Student Project to Develop a Neural Network based Sate ofCharge Indicator for Primary Batteries,” ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June 2016,New Orleans, Paper #16953[8] Penkey

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandip Das, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the relationship:𝜂𝜂 = 𝑃𝑃𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 , where 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 is the optical power incident on the solar cell.A typical I-V characteristic curve for a solar cell under illumination and under dark are shown inFig. 1(b). The open-circuit voltage (𝑉𝑉𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 ), short-circuit current (𝐼𝐼𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 ), maximum power point (𝑃𝑃𝑚𝑚 ),voltage at maximum power (𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 ), and current at maximum power (𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚 ) are marked on the figure. (a) (b)Figure 1. (a) Single diode equivalent circuit of a solar cell and (b) I-V characteristic curves underillumination and under dark conditions.As the illumination intensity and temperature changes, the PV parameters change. Dependence ofthese PV

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew R. Aldeman, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

gravitational energy storage, flywheels, and compressedgas. A topical outline is given below.TEC 259: Power Generation: Production, Conversion and Storage I. Basic Principles of Energy Conversion A. Work, Energy, Power B. Types of Energy Production, Storage, and Conversion C. Laws of Thermodynamics II. Thermal Energy Conversion A. Steam Cycles & Turbines B. Thermal Energy Transfer: Conduction, Convection and Radiation C. Heat Exchangers, Boilers & Condensers III. Electrical Energy Conversion A. Review of electrical fundamentals B. Induced Voltage and Faraday’s Law C. Alternators and Generators IV. Energy Storage A. Electro-chemical Batteries B. Pumped Hydro

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University; Naim R. Shandi, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

]. Itis vital that any used or recycled modules be checked to assure these bypass diodes are fullyfunctional. It is possible to do a quick (but not always effective) check of PV diodes using acommon lab multi-meter with a standard diode check setting. This, however, may not beadequate because PV modules often operate at 30oC to 50oC above ambient temperatures. Warmdiodes may perform differently at elevated temperatures than at room temperature. Therefore,checking diodes at elevated temperatures during solar exposure is critical [16] [17]. This wasdone by simply affixing a series of cardboard strips over various individual cells on each moduleand conducting a standard IV sweep. Figure 2(B) shows the testing set-up for how these diodeswere

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siamak Farhad, University of Akron; Daniel E. Kandray Sr., University of Akron; Maryam Younessi Sinaki, Cleveland State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

code todetermine the best moves of different joints of this robot to pick and place an object from point Ato point B, so that the minimum energy is consumed in this process. To measure the energyconsumption, UNI-T UT230B-US Power Meter was used [14]. It is noted that the movementfrom point A to B can be done by involvement of different joints in different ways. For example,α 1 degree rotation of joint 1, followed by α 4 degree rotation of joint 4, and α 3 degree rotation ofjoint 3. Another possible way to move from point A to B may be α 2 degree rotation of joint 2,followed by α 4 degree rotation of joint 4, and α 6 degree rotation of joint 6. There are many waysto involve different joints of the robot for the same movement from A to B

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitch J. Campion, University of North Dakota; Hossein Salehfar, University of North Dakota; Prakash Ranganathan, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

hardware that communicates directly with the user and or the utility. Uncontrolled charging is merely the act of people plugging in their EVs at any time that is convenient to them and the charging of the battery taking place regardless of grid considerations such as price or stability. Due to the size of the load posed by charging EVs, the demand profile of a region with EVs could drastically change as EVs are integrated [19]. To aid this transition, achieve more stable operation, and reduce the cost of power used to charge EVs, controlled charging is proposed. Uncontrolled charging of many EVs on a large scale would make for difficult load forecasting and cause challenges for power quality and equipment lifespan. B. Power Quality EVs charge by

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayrettin Bora Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Amber C. Thompson, Western Carolina University; Chip W. Ferguson, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the first-year activities of this scholarship program will most likely take some time to reveal; however,the preliminary information supports the importance of scholarships to encourage and drawstudents to nuclear power and related fields as well as help them succeed in their selectedcurricula.AcknowledgementsThe work presented herein was supported in part by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission underthe award number NRC-HQ-84-16-G-0030.Bibliography1. Aston, A. (2007). Who Will Run the Plants? BusinessWeek, (4018), 78.2. Wheeler, B. (2011). Nuclear Workforce: Refueling for a New Generation. Power Engineering, 115(6), 38.3. Anticipating Demand, Colleges Revive Dormant Nuclear Ed Programs. (2009). Community College Week, 21(11), 3.4

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy C. Ferrell, Appalachian State University; Brent Jason Summerville P.E., Appalachian State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #25381Autonomous PV Systems for Developing Countries: Assessing Student Learn-ing of Experiential Study Abroad ProgramsDr. Jeremy C. Ferrell, Appalachian State University Dr. Jeremy Ferrell is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sustainable Technology and the Built Environment where he teaches courses in renewable energy and conducts a research agenda around biomass energy systems, industrial ecology, and appropriate technology in the lesser income countries. His academic training is in natural resource management, biosystems engineering, and renewable energy technology. He earned a PhD from North Carolina A

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xichen Jiang, Western Washington University; Jill Davishahl, Western Washington University; Dana Hickenbottom; Daniel Saunders, Western Washington University; Troy Thornton, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #26095Photovoltaic System Performance Under Partial Shading: An Undergradu-ate Research ExperienceXichen Jiang, Western Washington University Xichen Jiang joined the department of electrical engineering at Western Washington University in 2016 as an assistant professor. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degree all in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. While a student there, Xichen has interned with Coilcraft, Proctor and Gamble, Exxon Mobil, and Viasat.Ms. Jill Davishahl, Western Washington University Jill Davishahl is the Director of Pre-Engineering Program Development

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Shehadi, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Engineering Technology (MET) program is to educateits MET students on energy conservation in general and for buildings in specific. In this study,which was part of a project conducted for HVAC & Refrigeration class (MET 42100), the teamdecided to investigate ways to reduce energy or improve the coefficient of performance (COP)and efficiency of refrigeration cycles by looking into energy consumption in the condenser unit ofthe system. Sometimes overlooked and underappreciated, a power plant condenser can make orbreak the efficiency and power delivery goals. Understanding how important a role thecondenser plays is a good step toward greater energy conservation awareness. The teamconducted a parametric study to analytically investigate improvements