Conference Session

Pedagogical Approaches in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Talat Salama, Central Connecticut State University; Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Glynis Fitzgerald, Central Connecticut State University; Lee W. Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Mary M. McCarthy, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

design, 2) facultyteaching online and hybrid courses reflect the best pedagogical practices for online instruction,and 3) online and hybrid courses taught provide a positive learning experience for students. Thepurpose of this study is to explore the educational experience in the online classes offered to theprimarily on-ground students, to evaluate the instructional effectiveness of various instructionaltools used in the online class, and to assess viability of online course offering across majors,from technical (e.g., engineering and construction management) to humanity (e.g.,communication and sociology). A survey was given to students who took online courses atCCSU during the Summer 2014 sessions to assess the instructional tools used and

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ifte Choudhury, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

current within the cells. Current generated by the cells isDC, which has to be converted to AC by using an inverter.PV cells were first used commercially in the late 1950s to energize communicationsatellites4. Gradually, the practical application of the technology expanded to includebuilding industry. The benefits of using PV energy compared to fossil fuel energy include(1) autonomy, (2) reliability, (3) sustainability, and (4) zero emission. The quantity ofenergy savings due to installation of BIPV systems, however, may be affected by thegeographical location of the building.Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) CellsPV cells can be woven into building components such as wall and roof, making them anintegral part of the building. Building

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ifte Choudhury, Texas A&M University; Farzana Sultana, Vaughn Construction

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, Cistern sizing, Rainwater HarvestingThe Problem and its SettingProblem StatementRainwater harvesting is the principle of collecting and using precipitation from acatchment area. The term is derived from a more general connotation of water harvestingthat denotes the collection, storage, and use of water mainly for the purpose of irrigation.Nowadays the term generally comprises the collection of run-off on micro-catchmentprinciples, such as roofs.The purpose of this study is to assess a sustainable rainwater harvesting solution formultistoried residential apartments in Dhaka, Bangladesh through an extensive review ofthe literature and collection and analysis of secondary data. The objectives of the studywere as follows: ≠ Identify and analyze

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suat Gunhan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Jing Du, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Page 24.326.9   construction. On the other hand CMR brings competitive cost supervision during theconstruction phase. Different variations of DB such as DBOT, DBO, DBT, and DBFO couldmake major contributions for sustainable projects’ operations and maintenance phase. Thinkingabout deconstruction is common for sustainable projects, and CMR delivery could set a goodexample with its value engineering (VE) sessions which can be performed for deconstructabilityanalysis.ConclusionsThis paper presented the positive aspects of the conventional delivery methods in cross referencewith the new ideas of sustainable delivery. As indicated in Figure 1, the

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Jacob P. Kovel P.E., Central Connecticut State University; Lee W. Lee, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

and services  Relations with industry  Relations with the general publicCurrently, the ACCE has only four CM master’s degree programs accredited.9 The number ofCM master’s degree programs accredited and the number seeking accreditation are expected togrow. The curriculum is an important criteria for accreditation. According to the ACCEdocument 103MD:8 “The purpose of the curriculum is to provide an education that will lead to a leadership role in construction and to prepare the student to become a responsible member of society. The curriculum should be responsive to social, economic, and technical developments and should reflect the application of evolving advanced knowledge in construction

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Sangho Park, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

binocular vision to create an illusion of astonishingly vivid depthperception, making objects appear to be in front of or behind the screen. This technique relies onpresenting a stereo pair of views created by simulating the presence of two camera viewscorresponding to viewpoints of two human eyes, which are an independent pair of co-timedimages, giving the left and right view. Computer-generated content, using computer graphicssoftware, are typically considered the easiest method of stereo generation. In the process ofstereoscopic visualization, it is required to (1) segment an image, (2) calculate and assign relativedepth to each object in the image, (3) locate occlusion areas and fill them with suitable portionsof other objects, and (4) present

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Caroline Hurtado, Arizona State University; Jake Smithwick, Arizona State University; Kenneth Timothy Sullivan, Arizona State University; John Savicky, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

of 2 2.4 5.4 121% increase effective RFPs 3 Evaluate the quality of a scope of work 2.6 5.1 92% increase Generate executive-level vendor 4 2.2 4.7 113% increase performance metrics Identify practices to increase fairness, 5 transparency, and accountability in 2.6 5.1 92% increase organizations*Scale of 1-6, with a “6” representing very confident that I can perform this task independently, and a “1”representing not confident that I can perform this task

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ifte Choudhury, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Bromilow et al.1 The authorsanalyzed the time-cost data for a total of 419 building projects in Australia to develop themodel. The equation defining the mean construction time as a function of project cost wasfound to be:T = K*CB (1)WhereT = duration of construction period from the date of possession of site to substantialcompletion, in working daysC = completed cost of project in millions of dollars, adjusted to constant labor and materialpricesK = a constant indicating the general level of time performance per million dollarB = a constant describing how the time performance is affected by the size of the constructionproject measured by its cost.The model

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, Colorado State University; MaryEllen C Nobe, Colorado State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

teaching in the sustainability of infrastructure projects. He believes that educating the next generation of professionals will play a pivotal role in making sustainability a standard practice.Dr. MaryEllen C Nobe, Colorado State University Dr. MaryEllen C. Nobe is an Assistant Professor at Colorado State University. Her primary areas of research are construction education, human dimensions of construction management, and sustainable construction.. Page 26.1675.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015Using Personal Case Studies to Raise Construction Safety Awareness

Conference Session

Construction Session 3: Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric A Holt, University of Denver; Mark Shaurette, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Christine L Chasek, University of Nebraska at Kearney

Tagged Divisions

Construction

]. There has not been any studies comparingCM learning styles and engineering learning styles. The lack of studies in this area indicates agap in the literature. This study was designed to examine the learning styles of a largerpopulation of CM students from across the U.S. and compare them to engineering learning stylesto fill the gap.Research QuestionsThe research questions for this study were; 1. What are the learning styles of undergraduatestudents in four year CM curriculum programs? 2. How do CM student learning styles comparewith other engineering student learning style studies [13, 18, 20, 21], to determine if there is adifference between learning styles specific to CM students and engineering students, as has beencalled for by Felder and

Conference Session

Construction Session 3: Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Torres, Texas State University, San Marcos; Vedaraman Sriraman, Texas State University, San Marcos; Araceli Martinez Ortiz, Texas State University, San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

ability to solve technical problems from the milestone project werequantified through the exam. The overall grade assessment method revealed an average of4.5 percentage point increase in grades from past offerings of the course and a similarcourse that does not include the PrBL pedagogy.1. Introduction This paper reports on the third year of a Project Based Learning (PrBL)implementation in a project management course that is geared towards preparing studentsplanning to work in technical positions in the concrete industry. This course is a juniorlevel course that is required for all Concrete Industry Management (CIM) students; anundergraduate degree that is offered at Texas State University. The CIM degree is aconstruction management

Conference Session

Construction Session 3: Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Talat Salama P.E., Central Connecticut State University; Seong Jin Kim, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Using the Flipped Classroom Model to Improve Construction Engineering and Management EducationINTRODUCTIONToday’s students are widely considered a technology savvy generation. They have grown upwith technology including computers, the Internet, video games, mobile devices, and digitalrecorders. Due to this fact, it can be argued today’s students are fundamentally different fromprevious generations in how they learn.1 They prefer instant response, simultaneous interaction,and constant communication within technology-enabled environments.2Technology has played key roles in society. It has changed and will continue to change manyaspects of how we live as well as how we communicate. Moreover, the notion of how peoplelearn has

Conference Session

Construction Session 3: Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip A. Dunn Jr. P.E., University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Construction

engineering technology department at our university activelyparticipates in recruitment opportunities with regional and local schools at varied age levels. Aspart of our informational table, we often use an interactive construction activity through buildingtower structures. “Today’s hot new toys are teaching kids how to innovate.” 1 Research suggeststhat building toys hone spatial skills and that kids as young as 5 can grasp many of the conceptsneeded to build.1 Our tower project is received very positively by participating students and is agreat example of a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) activity.For over 20 years in Maine, several professional engineering societies such as the AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Torres, Texas State University, San Marcos; Vedaraman Sriraman, Texas State University, San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, technical information, clarity ofpresentation, final cost estimate, and construction schedule. Industry professionals were invitedto the presentation as reviewers, which included the president of Gaeke construction.Data Collection and Analysis The primary data collection source from this study was a pre and post questionnaire thatwas distributed to the students on the first day of class and the last day of class, respectively. Thequestionnaire was scored on a scale of 1-10, 10 being the highest. The questionnaire consists ofquestions that are worded from the individual students’ perspective, “I understand…” or “I cancomplete…”. Therefore, the results reflect an individual student’s comprehension or ability oneach learning objective. The

Conference Session

Construction Session 2: PM, BIM, and Collaboration

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hossein Ataei P.E., Syracuse University; Ossama M. Salem, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Construction

as well as the required business permits andoperational licenses. Table 1 summarizes step-by-step guide of the general requirements forestablishing a heave civil firm in the New York State. Table 2 also illustrates on the BusinessNaming process for a heavy civil construction firm in New York State for one of the studentprojects. Table 1: Proposed General Requirements for Business Establishment in New York State Table 2: Student Team Guidelines for Naming a Construction Engineering Firm in New York StateFigure 1 demonstrates a snapshot of the Application for Employer Identification Number (EIN)for one of the student team projects. In order to register a construction engineering firm in NewYork State, after filing for a Business

Conference Session

Construction Session 2: PM, BIM, and Collaboration

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Linda Reeder, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

being rapidly adopted by the construction industry.According to the 2012 McGraw Hill SmartMarket Report, a majority of BIM experts haverealized that the use of BIM technology has allowed them to generate positive outcomes inconstruction markets.1 The main benefits of using BIM are summarized as follows:2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Better communication and understanding through accurate geometrical representations  Reduced errors and omissions in construction documents  Marketing potential for enhancing company image  New services to offer  Fewer RFIs (requests for information/interpretation) and field coordination problems  Reduced rework, conflicts, and changesAlthough BIM has been widely

Conference Session

Construction Session 2: PM, BIM, and Collaboration

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Luis G. Costa Agosto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Douglas D. Gransberg PhD, PE, Iowa State UIniversity

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

methods such as Construction Manager/General Con- tractor and Design-Build to the preservation and maintenance of pavements and bridges. His research has received awards from the Transportation Research Board, several US state departments of transportation and the New Zealand Transit Agency. He is also a registered Professional Engineer in Oklahoma, Texas and Oregon, a Certified Cost Engineer, a Designated Design-Build Professional and a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in the UK. Before moving to academia in 1994, he served for over twenty years in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers retiring at the rank of lieutenant colonel. c American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Construction Session 2: PM, BIM, and Collaboration

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yilei Huang, South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Modeling (BIM) into Core Courses within a Curriculum: A Case Study. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 3(1), 528-543.18. Glick, S., Clevenger, C., and Porter, D. (2011). Integrating 3D Models in Construction Education: Masonry Interactive Homework. Proceedings of the 47th ASC Annual International Conference, Omaha, NE, April 6-9, 2011.19. Goedert, J.D. and Meadati, P. (2008). Integrating Construction Process Documentation into Building Information Modeling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(7), 509-516.20. Gu, N. and London, K. (2010). Understanding and Facilitating BIM Adoption in the AEC Industry. Automation in Construction, 19(8), 988-999.21. Hartmann, T. and

Conference Session

Construction Session 4: Outside of the Construction Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Dylan John, Georgia Southern University; Marcel Maghiar, Georgia Southern University; Clint D. Martin, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

as the shuttering wasusually done based on the experience of the project management teams and also other sub-contractors’ experience. However, the intern expressed concerns about the importance of recordkeeping for legal purposes and also the ability to reference back on the decisions made during theprogress of construction if the need arises. The project consultants required explicit methodstatements provided by the contractor and while these method statements were provided, siteengineers and interns were later able to contribute towards the technical record keeping by lookinginto the formwork design calculations and verifying it with the project management team andrelevant subcontractors. Figure 1. On-going construction of the

Conference Session

Construction Session 4: Outside of the Construction Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A Raiola III, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

building design.Building Information Modeling requires collaboration of all parties early on 5. In the past, BIMmodels were created from plans and specifications created by an architect or engineer. Thisprovided a critical check of the designers work. When all of the members of the team areworking on the same design, this check will be removed and work may lack a critical eye 1.Use of the BIM process has resulted in such benefits as 40% elimination of unbudgeted change,cost estimation within 3%, 80% reduction in time taken to generate a cost estimate, a savings of10% of contract value, and a 7% reduction in project time 1. Building Information Modelingleads to increased productivity, better engagement of project staff and lower overall

Conference Session

Construction Session 4: Outside of the Construction Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William P Manion, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, based on a 10-hr day and 50-hr week.To compare their priorities against the company’s collective representation of a successfulproject, they were also asked to rate a “perfect” job, one that would be most productive andenjoyable in their opinion. The overall goal of this exercise was to initiate discussion about howsuperintendents’ time is spent compared to what they prioritized. In the end, twenty surveyresponses were collected and analyzed.Figure 1 shows a comparison of the actual projects to the perfect project, showing the minimum,average and maximum of all twenty results. Consider that 10% is equivalent to an hourassuming a 10-hr workday. The minimums are generally 0 to 5% (less than ½-hr per day) andthe maximums vary widely. Highlights

Conference Session

Construction Session 4: Outside of the Construction Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Syed Mahmood Ahmed P.E., East Carolina University; Kiersten Marie Mahaffy, East Carolina University; Lincoln Harding Forbes, Harding Associates Inc., Miami; Rachel M. Robinson-Watts, East Carolina University; Ashley Lauren Gregory, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

. Dr. Ahmed received his Ph.D. in 1993 and his MSCE in 1989 from Georgia Institute of Technology majoring in Construction Engineering & Management, with a minor in Industrial Engineering and Management Science. He also holds an undergraduate degree of BSCE from University of Engineering & Technology in Pakistan (1984). Dr. Ahmed has over 25 years of international experience in teaching, research and consulting in Pakistan, Hong Kong, USA, Mexico, and Jamaica. His areas of interest/expertise are construction scheduling, quality and risk management, project controls, con- struction safety, construction procurement, and construction education and information technology. He has generated substantial iexternal

Conference Session

Trend in Construction Engineering Education II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Dunn, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Construction

helpdifferentiate subtle differences in individual student performance and give instructors a uniformmethod of evaluation. Second draft assignments are generally improved after instructorfeedback. Student assignments tend to improve as the semester progresses.Bibliography 1. Schnieter, R. Wane. 2004. Writing and Undergraduate Engineers-A Continuing Problem. Proceedings of the 2003 ASEE Annual Convention and Exposition, Nashville, Tennessee, Session 0000. 2. Dunn, Philip A. 2005. Using Writing Intensive Exercises in the Classroom. Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE New England Section Annual Conference, Fairfield, Connecticut, Session 2B. 3. Dyrud, Marilyn A. 1997. Attitudinal Aspects of Assessing Student Writing. Proceedings of the 1997

Conference Session

Industry Collaboration in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa M. Holliday, University of Oklahoma; Matthew Reyes, University of Oklahoma; Kenneth F. Robson, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Construction

pay a third ofthe faculty member’s salary for the duration of the internship, which can be 1-3 months. Eachpartner contributing to the cost ensures everyone has buy-in and is committed to the success ofthe internship.Intern and the InternshipThe AGC Faculty Internship Program requires that applicants identify a specific skill they seekto improve, learn or develop during the faculty internship. The construction science program atthe University of Oklahoma (OU) used this opportunity to bring not only industry experienceback to the program, but also to bring new technical skills into the Program. The constructionscience program at OU has required their students learn Building Information Modeling (BIM)computer skills such as Revit and AutoCAD

Conference Session

Trends in Construction Engineering Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gabriel Alungbe, Morehead State University; Jaby Mohammed, Morehead State University; Yuqiu You, Morehead State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

classroomsetting, those difficulties are exasperated when the course is offered online. This paper and/orpresentation will highlight personal experiences teaching Engineering Economy online toconstruction management students.What is Engineering Economy?Engineering Economy is a technical course that deals with the financial aspects of investments tohelp engineers and managers make decisions that are beneficial to the stakeholders. The course“provides a systematic framework for evaluating the economic aspects of competing designsolutions.”1 It is a required course in most engineering, engineering technology, andconstruction management programs. Sullivan et al (2006), observed that “Engineering (andconstruction management), without economy, usually makes no

Conference Session

New Teaching Methods in Construction Eduction

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas M. Korman Ph.D., P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Construction

throughout the project: • Milestone No. 1 - Project Identification and Summary of Qualifications • Milestone No. 2 - Site Assessment Forms (including Site Layout and Building Elevations) • Milestone No. 3 - One-Line Drawings and Technical Analysis Progress Update Report • Milestone No. 4 – Technical Analysis ReportProject REDUCE: Learning ObjectivesThe REDUCE project was designed to expose students to the detailed knowledge of energyefficiency analysis and reduction techniques. Because, the specialty contracting constructionmanagement course is an upper division class within the curriculum, the approach taken was to havethe students study and report on the existing system as well as analyze and make recommendationsfor improvements of

Conference Session

Trends in Construction Engineering Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enno Koehn, Lamar University; James Koehn, Chadron State College

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Page 13.969.2teaching them some of the more advanced technical tools.” Another study suggests that studentsindicate only moderate support for group or team work13.Table 1. Teaching Methods and TechniquesStudent perception Mean Standard Medianof teaching techniques Value deviationFormal lectures 3.2 1.9 3.0Lecture/discussion/problem solving 1.2 0.6 1.0Thought-provoking questions and discussion 2.3 1.1 2.0Opportunity for student input 1.8 0.6 2.0Challenged by the subject matter 2.0 1.1 2.0Group Interaction

Conference Session

Trend in Construction Engineering Education II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erdogan Sener, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; David Kieser, Kieser Consulting, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Construction

industry could bebetter served by incorporating several new topics in this course so that would specifically benefitthe construction managers of the future.Course DetailsThe senior level Hydraulics and Drainage course, which currently uses the text by Mott 11 andpreviously used to use the text by Simon 12, is divided into three main groups of topics in termsof its design: 1.) Fluids at rest: Hydrostatics, Buoyancy, Pascal’s law, etc. 2.) Fluids in motion: Pressure flow, Bernouilli’s equation and General Energy equation, Momentum equation and applications. 3.) Drainage: Hydrology, open-channel flow, sewer and storm water flow, detention and retention basins, flow through hydraulic structures, etc.It probably is

Conference Session

Global Education in Construction Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Hildreth, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Bruce Gehrig, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Construction

responsibility and be promoted at a greater rate; and • Possess greater technical and/or managerial skills.Survey and Analysis MethodsAn internet based survey was developed and participation was solicited from members ofprofessional associations within the construction industry. Members of the Association for theAdvancement of Cost Engineering (AACE), Carolinas Association of General Contractors(Carolinas AGC), and Professional Construction Estimators Association of America (PCEA)were asked to participate in the survey. These associations were selected because theirmembership represents the breadth of the construction industry in terms of location and market

Conference Session

Construction 3: Beyond the Academy: Leveraging Partnerships, Internships, and Outreach

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina A&T State University ; Musibau Adeola Shofoluwe, North Carolina A&T State University; Rico Kelley Jr., North Carolina A&T State University ; Evelyn R. Sowells, North Carolina A&T State University; Robert B. Pyle, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Senior 30.30%Fig. 1. Student ClassificationAttendanceForty-nine percent of the students attended all the four sessions of the PDW. Thirty-three percent(33%) attended three sessions, 6% attended two sessions, and 12% attended only one session.Weekly attendance is shown in Figure 2. Due to other commitments including work and courseschedules, some of the students were unable to attend all the PDW sessions. In particular, thePDW had a time conflict with one other senior level CM course. One significant challenge wastrying to find a scheduled time that was most convenient to all interested students. Thursdayafternoons seemed to be the best time for the fall semester, but unfortunately, some CM studentswere still