Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Judith A. Garzolini, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #14208An Elective Mathematics Readiness Initiative for STEM StudentsDr. Janet Callahan, Boise State University Janet Callahan is the Founding Associate Dean for the College of Engineering at Boise State University and a Professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department. Dr. Callahan received her Ph.D. in Materials Science, her M.S. in Metallurgy and her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Connecticut. Her educational research interests include freshmen engineering programs, math success, K-12 STEM curriculum and accreditation, and retention and recruitment of STEM majors.Ms. Judith A

Conference Session

Mathematics in Transition

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Buechler, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Christopher Papadopoulos

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

2006-1256: INITIAL RESULTS FROM A MATH-CENTERED ENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONS COURSEDale Buechler, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering Member ASEE, IEEE, BEMS 2007 ASEE Mathematics Division Chair-Elect 2006 ASEE Mathematics Division Program Chair Director ASEE Mathematics Division(2003 - Present) Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers Outstanding Teaching Award - College of Engineering and Applied Science (2000-2001) 1999 Science and Engineering Education Scholars Program Participant email: buechler@uwm.eduChris Papadopoulos, University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee Assistant Professor Civil Engineering and Mechanics

Conference Session

Approaches to Mathematics Curriculum to Include Projects and Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Patricia A Ralston, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

the department’s mission is to improve retention of first yearengineering students. Research has shown that for engineering students success in the firstcollege mathematics course is critical for retention.1–3 Therefore, a major retention effort by thedepartment has been to improve the teaching and learning in its engineering mathematics coursesusing educational technologies. Many different sections and courses are taught every semesterby a combination of tenure/tenure track and term faculty. The department has worked to see thatthe use of adopted educational technologies is reasonably consistent across courses and faculty,and that the use of the technologies persists beyond any initial pilot phase. Many factors affectedthe selection and

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division - Visualization and Mathematics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashish Borgaonkar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jaskirat Sodhi, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Moshe Kam P.E., New Jersey Institute of Technology; Edwin Hou, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs, Mathematics

. Holmes MacDonald Award ”for the Outstanding Young Electrical Engineering Educator.”Dr. Edwin Hou, New Jersey Institute of Technology Dr. Edwin Hou is a professor in the Helen and John C. Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at New Jersey Institute of Technology. His research interests include embedded systems, autonomous vehicles, nonlinear optimization, and engineering education. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Impact of Initiatives for Helping First Year Students Start on Track in Mathematics SequenceAbstractThis is an evidence-based practice paper. New Jersey Institute of Technology, located inNewark, NJ, administers

Conference Session

The Use of Games and Unique Textbooks in Mathematics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian J. Lee, Central Illinois Technology and Education Research Institute; Sheldon H. Jacobson, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; William A. Cragoe, Sacred Heart-Griffin High School

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #8400NCAA Basketball Tournament Analysis for High School MathematicsDr. Adrian J Lee, Central Illinois Technology and Education Research Institute Dr. Adrian Lee received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign in 2009, specializing in probability and risk analysis of aviation security systems. Dr. Lee served as a post-doctoral research engineer at Vishwamitra Research Institute, Center for Uncertain Sys- tems: Tools for Optimization and Management, and is currently President of Central Illinois Technology and Education Research Institute. Dr. Lee also holds an

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Allen J. Antoine Jr, Rice University Office of STEM Engagement; Carrie A. Obenland, Rice University; Roger Ramirez, Rice University; Christopher Barr, Office of Research, Rice University; Matthew Cushing, Rice University; Carolyn Aitken Nichol, Rice University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

B.S. in Computer Engineering from Xavier University of Louisiana and an M.Ed. in Teacher Leadership from Lamar University.Dr. Carrie A. Obenland, Rice University Dr. Obenland is the Assistant Director for Outreach and Research at the Rice Office of STEM Engage- ment. She as her PhD in Chemistry from Rice University, as well as her Masters. Her graduate work was focused on chemical education. She earned her BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.Mr. Roger Ramirez, Rice University I am currently the Assistant Director for Mathematics at the Rice Office of STEM Engagement where I co-facilitate the Applied Mathematics Program!. I also lead a student program called Introduction to Research

Conference Session

Bridging and Freshman Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Buechler, University of Wisconsin-Platteville; Christa James-Byrnes, University of Wisconsin - Barboo/Sauk County

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

removed. Figure 1 Location of University of Wisconsin System Schools2Since all incoming students in the university system take the exact same math-placement test(independent of whether they were attending a four-year or a two-year school) we decided thatthis would be a good place to start. The institutional researcher for the UW-Colleges provided alist of 463 students who had initially attended one of the UW-Colleges and then transferred toone of the three engineering programs in the state over a 5-year period. The demographics of Page 13.1059.3this group of students are listed in table 1a.Gender Male Female

Conference Session

Bridging and Freshman Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wendy James, Oklahoma State University; Karen High, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

benefiting from the content of their workshops. Practical activities andworksheets are sought by teachers participating in the professional development, but the natureof the content and purposes of the activities are valuable knowledge within research literature.There is a need for engineering faculty to note the differences between what engineering facultyperceive as differences between their current courses and what K-12 schools already do in theircourses. This paper sought to summarize engineering faculty’s views on their students’ uses ofalgebra, trigonometry, and calculus. In the initial search for articles, few articles were found ofuse to the topic of interest; therefore, the project was reshaped to analyze only the 2006

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 5: From Functions to Big Data–A Hands-on Challenge

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University; Hasan Alp Tekalp; Elif Naz Tekalp; Berrak Seren Tekalp, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

course of a three-course calculus sequence that totals to 12 credits. A research questionnaire was given to students to collect written responses initially. A video recorded follow- up oral interview was conducted for asking participants additional questions on their written responses for a better understanding of their conceptual understanding. A questionnaire consisting of several calculus questions was given to the participating students by three members of the research team. Pre- and post- interview responses of the participants to the research question displayed in Figure 1 are evaluated in this work. Figure 1. IRB approved research question analyzed in this work for empirical data analysis.Examples of both the pre- and post-interview

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University; Samantha Eddi Scarpinella , Quinnipiac University; Michael Giannone, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

percentage of correct responses to the questions are calculated within this triangle form.This percentage represents the strength of the triangulation clustering of the participantclassification [3].The following section outlines the methods and details involving the data collection, APOStheory applied to this research question, the triangulation method, and examples of participants’responses. 3. Nature of the Collected & Analysis of DataThe parts of the empirical data shared in the next section is collected from two institutions in theUnited States. Research participants are 23 STEM students. In order to be a participant, thestudent must have completed all three calculus courses offered for STEM students at these twouniversities. Initially

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University; Elif Naz Tekalp; Hasan Alp Tekalp

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #33066Undergraduate STEM Students’ Comprehension of Function Series andRelated Calculus ConceptsDr. Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University Emre Tokgoz is currently the Director and an Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering at Quinnipiac University. He completed a Ph.D. in Mathematics and another Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineer- ing at the University of Oklahoma. His pedagogical research interest includes technology and calculus education of STEM majors. He worked on several IRB approved pedagogical studies to observe under- graduate and graduate mathematics and engineering students’ calculus and

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Ted Campbell, Utah State University; Jim Dorward, Utah State University; Sherry Marx, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

or hearing accounts of evidence” (p. 99).Seymour25 emphasized the need to explore how professional networking affects dissemination of Page 26.1226.4innovations and to understand why “some faculty decide not to pursue an initial interest in anyinnovation and others reject it outright, and what contextual factors make it difficult for others toremain active” (p. 92). Seymour25 also suggested that the exploration of examples ofpedagogical “adapters” or “converts” would be worthwhile (p. 92).Research Question To explore an emergent process of STEM teacher change, this study was guided by thefollowing research question: How do

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jing Zhang, Virginia State University; Yongjin Lu, Virginia State University ; Zhifu Xie, Virginia State University; Dawit Haile, Virginia State University; Keith Williamson, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

deliver benefits to allAmericans [1]. The Administration has consistently called for sustaining America’slong-term economic competitiveness and growth through robust investments in thebuilding blocks of the American innovation ecosystem. For example, the NationalNetwork for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) aims to create a competitive, effec-tive, and sustainable manufacturing research-to-manufacturing infrastructure. Usu-ally, the new fundamental results from federally funded research such as NationalScience Foundation have a very slow and uncertain path to commercial viability.The Administration’s Lab-to-Market Initiative is working to accelerate technologytransfer for promising new innovation. The Federal Government is also playing acritical

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #25091Board 95: STEM Majors’ Ability to Calculate Taylor Series’ Derivative &IntegralDr. Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University Emre Tokgoz is currently the Director and an Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering at Quinnipiac University. He completed a Ph.D. in Mathematics and another Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineer- ing at the University of Oklahoma. His pedagogical research interest includes technology and calculus education of STEM majors. He worked on several IRB approved pedagogical studies to observe under- graduate and graduate mathematics and engineering students’ calculus and technology

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

University during a particular semester. The participants completed a questionnaire andgot interviewed to explain their written questionnaire responses. The questionnaire questionscovered concepts such as functions, differentiation, function integrals, power series, andprogramming preferences of the participants. Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) theory ofAsiala, Brown, DeVries, Dubinsky, Mathews and Thomas (1996) is considered initially forevaluation of the research question, however this theory is determined to be inappropriate forevaluating the research question. The data collected from the written questionnaire and videorecorded interview responses are evaluated by using the concept image and concept definitionapproach of Dreyfus & Vinner

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franziska Dorothea Wehner, Technische Universität Darmstadt

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

-existing knowledge and assumptions without ignoring the individualcontributions of the participants. First, main categories were created based on research andinterview questions. Among the main categories, there were three with relevance to thecurrent study as they referred to a) the way students used different learning resources, b) thefrequency with which students used these resources, and c) students’ satisfaction with theseresources. For all categories, subcategories covering different learning resources with onereferring specifically to video tutorials were created a priori. After this, all transcripts wereread and summarized by the author. Then, the initial coding frame was applied to threeinterviews and revised where needed. In the next

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division - Visualization and Mathematics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adetoun Oludara Yeaman, Virginia Tech; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Tech; Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs, Mathematics

in Engineering Division, the Educational Research and Methods Division, and the Design in Engineering Education Division. She is also a member of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) and is the Faculty Adviser for SWE at VT. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Developing a Coding Rubric for Students Visualization StrategiesAbstractThere are many calls for increasing the number and diversity of students pursuing STEM careers.Equally important is retaining those students who initially express interest in these careers. Oneof the myriad of factors that influences students’ success in a STEM major is their spatialvisualization ability. Fortunately, research has shown that spatial ability

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University; Hazal Ceyhan

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

approximate solution to the research question is investigatedby collecting written and interview responses. Participants’ responses to the research questionQ. Can you calculate the integral . ? Would you prefer to find an approximate answer for this integralor would you rather find the exact solution?are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Throughout this work, written and interview responses of someof the participants will be used for the qualitative analysis. The quantitative work will be consisting of schemaclassification of the participants. Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) introduced by Asiala et al. (1996)originated from Piaget et al. (1977) is initially considered for evaluation of the

Conference Session

Use of Technology in Teaching Mathematics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Wlodkowski, Maine Maritime Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

-disciplinary interaction among engineering, physics, and mathematics. In addition, he holds an appointment with the Academy’s Loeb-Sullivan School, a graduate program in International Business and Logistics. He has sixteen years of industrial, manufacturing and academic experience that encompasses the fields of materials engineering, applied physics, reliability engineering, acoustics, applied statistics, shock and vibration, sensor design, radiation effects, and technical marketing. As the Principal Staff Engineer and Program Manager at Wilcoxon Research, Inc., he led several of the Company's high technology programs in the research, development, and commercialization of directional, acoustic

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Luke A. Duncan, Clemson University; Karen A. High, Clemson University; D. Matthew Boyer, Clemson University; Liz McKinley, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

research focuses on sustainable chemical process design, computer aided design, and multicriteria decision making. She also has extensive experience in K-12 STEM education and program evaluation and assessment. She has held a variety of administrative positions: 1) Director of STEM Faculty Development Initiatives-Clemson, 2) Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies in the College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences-Clemson, 3) Interim Director of Student Services-Oklahoma State University, 4) Coordinator of the Women in Engineering Program-Oklahoma State University, and 5) Director of the Oklahoma State University Measurement and Control Engineering Center-Oklahoma State University.Dr. D. Matthew Boyer

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

n(n + 1)(2n + 1) ∑i = i =1 2 and ∑i i =1 2 = 6Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) Theory By relying on Piaget`s study of functions in 1977 (Piaget et al. 1977), Action-Process-Objectidea in mathematics education for the undergraduate curriculum was initiated by Breidenbach,Dubinsky, Hawks and Nichols in 1992 who studied students’ conceptual view of the function intheir research. In 1996, Asiala, et al. applied APOS

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University; Hazal Ceyhan, Ankara University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #21382University Students’ Ability to Interconnect the Calculus Concepts and Func-tion GraphingDr. Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University Emre Tokgoz is currently the Director and an Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering at Quinnipiac University. He completed a Ph.D. in Mathematics and another Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineer- ing at the University of Oklahoma. His pedagogical research interest includes technology and calculus education of STEM majors. He worked on several IRB approved pedagogical studies to observe under- graduate and graduate mathematics and engineering students’ calculus and

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eliza Gallagher, Clemson University; Christy Brown; D. Andrew Brown, Clemson University; Kristin Kelly Frady, Clemson University; Patrick Bass, The Citadel; Michael A. Matthews P.E., University of South Carolina; Thomas T Peters, South Carolina's Coalition for Mathematics & Science; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; Ikhalfani Solan; Ronald W. Welch P.E., The Citadel; Anand K. Gramopadhye, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

support STEM education and, more practically, to address information technology and process design issues related to delivering quality health care. As the the Dean of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences he has been involved in the initiation of programmatic initiatives that have resulted in significant growth in Engineering and Computing. For his success, he has been recognized by the NAE through the Frontiers in Engineering Program, and he has received the College’s Collaboration Award and the McQueen Quattlebaum Award, which recognizes faculty for their outstanding research. In addition, Dr. Gramopadhye serves as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics and on the editorial

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Patricia A. Ralston, University of Louisville; Campbell R. Bego, University of Louisville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

. Instructors used the ClassroomResponse System (CRS) Learning Catalytics to assign formative assessment questions during mostlectures each week. At the end of the semester, students were given the classroom response systemperceptions questionnaire (CRiSP) which assessed their perceptions of the usability of the CRS, andwhether it was helpful in their engagement and learning. Survey results showed that all students,including minority and low-SES populations, perceived it to be very easy to use, and their impressions ofits effect on their learning and engagement were slightly above average. Based on these initial results andfurther research into the effectiveness of formative feedback, we are looking to continue to fullyincorporate formative feedback

Conference Session

Using Applications and Projects in Teaching Mathematics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hassan Moore, University of Alabama, Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

should be able to complete the project with the material taught in class.Below are the primary course topics covered: I. First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) A. Basic Concepts, Modeling B. Initial Value Problems C. Direction Fields Page 25.1437.2 D. Existence and Uniqueness E. Separable ODEs F. Linear ODEs G. Applications II. Second-Order ODEs A. Homogeneous Linear ODEs with constant coefficients B. Free Oscillations C. Forced

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Romance, Florida Atlantic University; Ali Zilouchian, Florida Atlantic University; Michael Vitale, East Carolina University; Lisa Greenberg, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #22104From Gateway to ’Pathway’: Mentoring-the-Mentors to provide Academicand Motivational Support for Struggling STEM MajorsDr. Nancy Romance , Florida Atlantic University Dr. Romance is Professor of Science Education in the College of Education at Florida Atlantic Univer- sity (FAU) and a graduate faculty member in both the College of Engineering and Computer Science and the College of Science at FAU.Her research interests address meaningful learning in complex STEM do- mains, applying a learning sciences lens in addressing issues ranging from building elementary teachers knowledge and skill in teaching

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1: Best Practices in Engineering Math Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nathaniel Rossi, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Scott Adamson, Chandler-Gilbert Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

the post-secondary level.The interviews were conducted in person or via the online video conference software Zoom. Theinstructors were asked questions pertaining to their use of active learning in their classrooms,student reactions, strategies for developing classroom problems, and content or feedbackprovided to students (see Appendix for interview protocol). Additional questions were kept to aminimum and primarily used to clarify participant responses.Two members of the research team reviewed interview transcripts using an open codingapproach. [9] The first round of coding involved the first reader coding all of the transcripts andcreating an initial codebook. The second reader then combined repetitive codes to make theinitial codebook more

Conference Session

Improving the Mathematical Preparation of Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shuki Aroshas, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Avi Berman, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

progress in the learning subject.4. Formulating the experiment’s outline.At the experiment stage, the primary objective is "to improve the initial design by testing andrevising conjectures informed by ongoing analysis of both the student's reasoning and thelearning environment" 20. At the retrospective analysis stage, the central challenge is togenerate a coherent conceptual framework that accounts the effects observed in the course ofthe experiment and gives directions for dissemination and future development of theproposed educational approach.The reasons for grounding our study on the EDE methodology are as follows:• Our primary research motivation was to test the effectiveness of teaching mathematics with applications as a way to improve

Conference Session

Mathematics in Transition

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Callahan; Joe Guarino, Boise State University; Seung Youn Chyung, Boise State University; John Gardner, Boise State University; Amy Moll, Boise State University; Pat Pyke, Boise State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

-regulated learning strategies for adult learners, and online teaching and learning. She is currently conducting research on retention issues in online distance education.John Gardner, Boise State University John Gardner is Chair of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Boise State University. He is also Director of the Hewlett Foundation funded Engineering Schools of the West Initiative at Boise State. His current research interests, in addition to engineering education, include dynamic systems and sustainable energy systems.Amy Moll, Boise State University Amy J. Moll is Associate Professor and Chair of Materials Science and Engineering at Boise State University. Amy received a B.S. degree in

Conference Session

Students' Abilities and Attitudes

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Wright; Peter Rich, Brigham Young University; Keith Leatham, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

). Foreign language study in elementary schools: Benefits and implications for achievement in reading and math. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(1), 11-16.21. Weinberg, A., Stephens, A. C., McNeil, N. M., Krill, D. E., Knuth, E. J., & Alibali, M. W. (2004, April). Students' initial and developing conceptions of variables. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association, San Diego, CA.22. Wilson, B. C., & Shrock, S. (2001). Contributing to success in an introductory computer science course: A study of twelve factors. 33(1), 184 - 188 Page 15.722.7