Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Joseph Walsh; David Kelso; John Troy; Barbara Shwom; Penny Hirsch

“busywork” that they must complete in order to graduate. What accounts for thesediscrepancies, and what can we, as engineering educators, do to help students become moreskilled communicators and better understand the role that communication plays in engineering?One reason that many students fail to recognize the importance of communication may be thatcommunication is generally treated as a set of skills that students are supposed to acquireoutside of engineering—in composition, technical writing, or public speaking courses. Studentssee no relation between communication and their genuine engineering work, such as solvingequations, modeling processes or doing product design. Although widespread, this approach tocommunication pedagogy is criticized by

Conference Session

Fundamental: Metrics & Assessment for K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica M Harlan, University of South Alabama; James Van Haneghan, University of South Alabama; Melissa Divonne Dean, Mobile Area Education Foundation; Susan A. Pruet, STEMWorks, LLC

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

mathematics learning in the classroom. Currently, she leads all K-8 math, reading, science, and career exploration programs at MAEF. Ms. Dean is an experienced science educator having lead for years the development of informal curriculum and programs for the Science Centers in Alabama and Louisiana. She is highly experienced in curriculum development, writing, training and implementation. She has lead teacher development programs, as well as conducted pilot engineering design lessons in the classrooms. She works closely with STEM teachers in the 60,000 students Mobile County Public School System and has the reputation as a teacher leader and change agent. Her work with K-12 students, teachers and ed- ucation administrators

Conference Session

Pre-College: Fundamental Research in Engineering Education (1)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Jill Marshall, University of Texas, Austin; Ara Winter, University of New Mexico, Department of Biology; Yang Liu, University of New Mexico, Department of Organization, Information, and Learning Sciences

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Paper ID #18208Progress toward Lofty Goals: A Meta-synthesis of the State of Research onK-12 Engineering Education (Fundamental)Dr. Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico Dr. Vanessa Svihla is a learning scientist and assistant professor at the University of New Mexico in the Organization, Information & Learning Sciences program, and in the Chemical & Biological Engineering Department. She served as Co-PI on an NSF RET Grant and a USDA NIFA grant, and is currently co-PI on three NSF-funded projects in engineering and computer science education, including a Revolutioniz- ing Engineering Departments project

Collection

2024 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Grace Burleson; Janet Tsai; Daria Kotys-Schwartz

Work in Progress: What is Design in the Context of a Mechanical Engineering Ph.D. Program? Grace Burleson, Janet Tsai, and Daria Kotys-Schwartz Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderAbstract Design has long been considered a fundamental focus area within the mechanicalengineering discipline. At the undergraduate level, students are given the tools and resources togain knowledge and skills in critical design competencies, such as ability to scope problems,develop analytical models, and test and validate solutions. However, there is limited scholarshipregarding the conceptualization and definition of design at the doctoral level within themechanical

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in Mechanics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ing-Chang Jong, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

. Note that Page 11.878.4Eq. (4) is extremely useful and important in solving problems by the virtual work method!III. Relevant Fundamental ConceptsIn teaching and learning the virtual work method, it is well to recall the following relevant fun-damental concepts:̇ Work of a forceIf a force F acting on a body is constant and the displacement vector of the body from positionA1 to position A2 during the action is q, then the work U1› 2 of the force F on the body is2-6, 8,9 U1› 2 ? F © q ? FqE (5)where F is the magnitude of F and qE is the scalar component of q parallel to

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

D. Raj Raman

convinced me thatincorporating engineering design into lower division engineering courses enhances studentlearning and can make the teaching of engineering more fun. IntroductionLower division engineering courses are the foundation of engineering education. Without amastery of engineering fundamentals, students are poorly prepared to do engineering analyses,which is a critical part of engineering design. The breadth of agricultural and biosystemsengineering makes selection of topics for an introductory biological engineering course difficult.Covering too broad a swath of subjects can turn a core-engineering course, which should impartmastery of critical engineering concept, into a survey course, which

Conference Session

IT-based Instructional Technologies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Mariga, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

a co-chair of the Birds of a Feather session and on the Program Committee for the 2006 Grace Hopper Women in Computing Conference. She is on the Academic Advisory Committee as well as the Panels, Workshops, & Presentations Committee for the 2007 Grace Hopper Women in Computing Conference. Finally, she serves on the Curriculum Writing Committee for the ACM SIG Information Technology Educators (www.sigite.org) Page 12.1580.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Utilizing Virtual Software to Provide Hands-On Experience with Systems & Applications Software

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Monday 5-Minute Work-in-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica A. Kuczenski, Santa Clara University; Tricia Serviss, Santa Clara University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

based in engineering design.Tricia Serviss, Santa Clara University Tricia is an assistant professor in the Department of English at Santa Clara University, specializing in writing studies, composition, and writing educational practices. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Work In Progress: First-Year Student Signature Project - Design an Infographic on “What is Technical Communication”Abstract:There are a number of concepts and skills that are common to all our university students.Technical writing is one of the most relevant and utilized concepts, thus we have developed aproject-based ‘writing to learn’ infographic design mini-project assignment to engage first-yearstudents

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Ph.D., Robert D. Borchelt

is offered every third semester at present. This is a laboratory-oriented course in which the students workas a team to design and develop working automated manufacturing cells involving machining and/or assemblytasks. Students are required to design and build the appropriate fixtures, robot grippers, electronic systems,etc. and write the complete protocol and software for the machining/assembly operation. In the early weeks ofthe course, the laboratory work involves primarily “demonstration” experiments to acquaint students with thelarger hardware available in the laboratory. This equipment includes robots, machine tools and programmablecontrollers, as well as the appropriate programming and control software needed to utilize them

Collection

2008 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

R.E. Babcock; Mark E. Arnold

resulting in the unique least squares solution to the original systemof equations provided the matrix, A , has rank of n, which it does.This method involves left multiplying through by AT and then using a fundamental theorem oflinear algebra which states that x = (AT A)-1 AT b (eq. 5)is the unique solution for which we are looking.MATLAB is a readily available and a convenient computer language for making such matrixalgebraic manipulations4. The MATLAB output for the example discussed above is shownbelow:A= 1.0000e+000 1.0000e+0004.2000e-001 1.9000e-0016.0000e-001 8.4000e-001b= 1.9800e+0004.1700e-0011.6520e+000Answers returned by MATLAB for values of x are

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 23

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Bostwick, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Alex George, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Trinity Lee, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Zachary Del Rosario, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

) framework to actively promote research quality.Our reflection data illustrate how numerical reporting conventions, formative life experiences,and professional aspirations can all affect a young engineer's perception of the relevance ofvariability. We conclude with a discussion of implications for instructional practice.IntroductionVariability—the phenomenon of non-identical values—is core to modern science. The movebeyond calculating averages to the study of real variation is one of the most important scientificdevelopments of the 19th century [1]. Ernst Mayr [2] positions variability as fundamental tounderstanding evolution through “population thinking.” Statistics as a discipline exists in largepart to develop techniques to study variability

Conference Session

Computers in Education 1 - Programming 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Astrid K. Northrup P.E., Northwest College; Raymond Edward Floyd, Northwest College; S. Renee Dechert, Northwest College; Andrea Carneal Burrows Borowczak, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Lecturer at Northwest College in Powell, WY. He has published over 200 papers on a variety of topics. He most recently co-authored a text, Perspectives on Engineering (2011), an IEEE eBook, Shaping an Engineering Career: Book 2: Dual Career Ladders (2013), and another text, So You Want to be an Engineer? (2015).Dr. S. Renee Dechert, Northwest College Renee Dechert is a professor of English at Northwest College in Powell, Wyoming, where she teaches courses in technical writing, business communication, composition, and social media. Her current re- search focus is on the rhetoric of social media, She also blogs about the Colorado Rockies.Dr. Andrea Carneal Burrows, University of Wyoming Dr. Andrea C. Burrows is a

Conference Session

History of Aerospace Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas, Austin; Mark Maughmer, Penn State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

performance. Our intention is to initiate a dialogue on the dilemma ofdeclining achievement. BackgroundCoursesThe two courses focused on in this study have been in the aerospace engineering curriculum atPenn State University (PSU) for a number of years and offer fundamental content. One is arequired junior-level course, Introduction to Aeronautics, with a required prerequisite of the firstaerodynamics class and an aerospace analysis class. The other is a senior-level technicalelective, Theoretical Aerodynamics, and its prerequisite is the Introduction to Aeronauticscourse. The junior-level course introduces students to the basic concepts of aeronautics bycovering the estimation of the forces of flight and

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Ressler, U.S. Military Academy; Thomas A. Lenox , Dist.M.ASCE, F.ASEE, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

a broader sense, we demonstrate that ABET accreditation does have a critical supporting rolein raising the educational bar for engineering; however, this contribution is necessary but notsufficient to achieve the desired end.Why ABET is NecessaryIn promulgating its Raise the Bar initiative, ASCE’s overarching goal is to ensure that aspiringprofessional engineers attain the civil engineering BOK as a prerequisite for licensure. ABET’stwo fundamental functions contribute substantially to the achievement of this goal:  Based on input from its constituencies, the EAC of ABET establishes standards for engineering degree programs at both the baccalaureate and master’s levels. These standards are organized into three different sets

Conference Session

Capstone Design Pedagogy I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daria Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Gary Pawlas, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

strongtechnical and professional component. The FYEP course is a single semester hands-on, team-based interdisciplinary design course for entry-level engineering students. Several facultymembers from the College of Engineering and Applied Science teach the FYEP course. SCD is ayearlong industry sponsored, hands-on, design course for senior-level mechanical engineeringstudents. The professional skills objectives for both courses include increasing: knowledge ofengineering as a career, communication skills and teamwork skills. The technical skill learningobjectives emphasize fundamental engineering methodologies and design skills.Project-based courses are not currently incorporated into the sophomore or junior-levelcoursework at the University of Colorado

Conference Session

Issues and Direction in ET Education and Administration: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Wolcott, Rochester Institute of Technology; Todd Dunn, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the ABET-EAC criteria. • Changed “Construction Project Management I” from a technical elective to a required course. • “College Chemistry” replaces “Fundamental of Chemistry.”3. ABET Accreditation IssuesTwo accreditation issues were investigated: 1) Can an ABET-EAC program be administeredoutside the Engineering College at our University and 2) Can existing CET courses be used inthe CE curriculum? The answer to both these questions is… probably yes.The commissioner for the ABET Technology Accreditation Commission22, the past Chair ofTAC of ABET23 (and current Chair of IEEE Accreditation Policy Council; the council addressesissues in EAB, TAC, and CAC accreditation), and an experienced ABET evaluator24 at our

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Developments, Implementations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Parkinson, Brigham Young University; John Harb, Brigham Young University; Spencer Magleby, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

economy has become tightly linked with much of the change triggered by technology; to understand other cultures, especially the societal elements of these cultures; to work effectively in multinational teams; to communicate effectively—both orally and in writing—in the international business language of English; to recognize and understand issues of sustainability; to understand the importance of transparency while working with local populations; and to understand public policy issues around the world and in the country in which one is working. It will be these fundamental capacities that will enable 21st-century engineers to develop into professionals capable of working successfully both

Conference Session

Virtues in Engineering Ethics Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chloe Adams, Wake Forest University; Olga Pierrakos, Wake Forest University and National Science Foundation ; Lasya Agasthya

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

engineering degree programs.Undergraduate engineering curricula include engineering ethics through specialized courses andprogram-wide integration. While some engineering programs embed one stand-alone ethicscourse within a curriculum, other programs embed ethics modules across a few courses within acurriculum. Very few engineering programs weave engineering ethics across a four-yearundergraduate curriculum in a concerted and developmental way [7]. Engineering ethics taughtin stand-alone courses is usually offered within the first two years of study [4]. According toDavis [6], several engineering programs also embed ethical modules into technical writing andcommunication seminars, senior capstone projects, and introduction to engineering courses

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University; Kaela M. Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Caroline Bolton, Bucknell University; Caitlyn Aaron

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

field notes [44]. Feedback obtained from both content experts and engineeringstudents will inform revisions to the initial set of items prior to distribution and testing.The engineering task will be based on questions from the Statics Concept Inventory [45, 46].Statics questions were chosen because the subject is fundamental to mechanical, civil, and otherrelated engineering fields. This computation will be followed with an “intuition check” questionthat asks the user to assess the confidence in their answer choice how they choose their answer, ifthey would go to their manager with just this prediction, and how they would justify their answer.The resulting two-part instrument will then be distributed to collect responses that will be usedfor

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Jenkins; Dwayne Arola

rotationally, constrain thereaction points to approximate the experimental conditions. The results (i.e., elemental andnodal forces, stresses and deflections) in tabular and graphical form are made available in digitalfile format.Once all three methods have been completed, the results are compared to ascertain whether thevalidity of the hypothesis that the bicycle frame is not a truss. Generally, students conduct theexperiments and perform the analyses and interpretation of the results as small teams. However,each student must write an individual formal report containing the following sections: executivesummary, introduction/objectives, description, results, discussion/conclusions, and appendices.Assessment/EvaluationThe success of this “do-say

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the STEM Box: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Chalece Delacoudray, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sunni Newton, Georgia Institute of Technology; Justina Jackson; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Stephen Garrett, Georgia Institute of Technology; Hilah Barbot, Amazon Web Services; Jason Freeman; Joycelyn Wilson, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sabrina Grossman

O.U.T.K.A.S.T. Imagination (The OI) [12] to betterunderstand the messaging in “Entrepreneur” and to guide student usage and/or writing of lyrics fortheir final musical composition. The OI is a design and annotation hermeneutic that samples thenarrative modes and perspectives of the original acronym associated with the Atlanta-based rapduo, OUTKAST (“Operating Under The Krooked American System Too-long”) [13]. It layers onthe sociological imagination of C. Wright Mills [14], and the techno-pedagogical innovations,aesthetics, and impacts native to Black cultural production and the hip hop aesthetic to build a hiphop-informed taxonomy of design principles that rely on a set of cultural affordances to guideculturally-resilient computational media-making

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junaid A. Siddiqui, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

innovations does not take into account the process of people transformingtheir beliefs and values. Beliefs and values are not a product of dissemination; rather individualsrecognize them through experience. Transformative learning theory is specifically focused onunderstanding the process of revealing and challenging beliefs and values that happens with achange in practice. When we try to understand the impact of introducing an educationalinnovation, a more fundamental question that needs to be asked is how have people’s ways ofthinking changed about good educational practice, and not just how much their practice haschanged.The purpose of this paper is to draw on the literature of social and human change with particularfocus on the theories of

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Heun, Calvin College; Steven VanderLeest, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

energygrand challenge and the resources available for instructors to teach energy from amultidisciplinary point of view within engineering. In the sections below, we posit threepotential reasons for the existing disconnect. Entrenched disciplinary boundariesPerhaps the most fundamental reason for the existing disconnect between educational needs andinstructor resources is entrenched disciplinary boundaries. The energy grand challenge hasemerged long after the present set of disciplinary boundaries (economics, engineering, business,political science, etc.) was established. The energy grand challenge exists between and amongthe disciplines as what philosopher Bruno Latour calls a “hybrid.” “Hybrid[s] sketch outimbroglios of science, politics

Conference Session

Research in Faculty Development

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin David Lutz, Oregon State University; Allyson Jo Barlow, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Dominga Sanchez, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Faculty Development Constituency Committee

poor to excellent, as shown in Figure 1. 10 Very Poor Fair Good Very Excellent Poor Good My instructor’s contribution to this course My instructor’s contribution to my learningFigure 1: Example of current SET format and structure.However, an AOE question might be reformatted to be structured as in Figure 2, in which theresponse is only positive, negative, or neutral, but requires an explanation for the reason thecontribution is considered as such. This structure is fundamentally different from the approachcurrently used, which asks students to add general comments after

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jia-Ling Lin, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Manuela Romero, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jennifer Binzley, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eman A. Zaki, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

often struggle to overcome the widely-held perception that high achievers are definedby good course grades alone. For many instructors test grades are such a handy tool that they areinclined to use it whenever possible. When we first looked at how students’ readiness affectstheir course performance, we applied a hypothetical universal model, shown in Figure 5, toexplain our data. This model is based on typical practices in traditional physics courses forcontent delivery and assessment. In this figure, three typical groups of knowledge are used.Traditional physics courses recognize these three classes of knowledge i.e., factual, conceptual,and procedural as fundamental knowledge. Both teaching and learning are assumed to start frombasic factual

Conference Session

Alternatives to Traditional Assessment

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Todd M. Fernandez, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kaela M. Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Richard T. Mangum, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Cristi L. Bell-Huff, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

might be all but one. In this method,students can also choose to work towards the grade they want in order to spend their timeelsewhere (Nilson, 2015). Another instructor might use a mix of traditional grading and pass/failgrading. For example, to earn an A in a course, a student may have to receive an average examscore of 80%. The instructor can also set bars for specific grade levels such as a C resulting fromfailing a peer evaluation. In all of these systems, missing one element on the overall gradechecklist results in a lower grade.As all elements become pass or fail, the specifications for an assignment must be made veryclear. Writing good specifications is a lot like writing good requirements for a project. Just likerequirements in

Conference Session

Creative Engagement and Developmental Tutoring Method

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Cindy Foor, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

anengineering degree program bringing calculus credits with a 2.0 GPA from a community college,entrance counselors might consider recommending that fundamental calculus courses berepeated, or perhaps offer additional oversight and monitoring to facilitate intervention if needed[8].Half of the Hispanic males (3) and two Asian males attended high schools outside the U.S. andbegan their U.S. academic careers in community colleges. All six express confidence that theirhigh school preparation in mathematics and science exceeded that of U.S. high school studentsand their enrollment in transitional institutions is not a result of poor mathematics or scienceskills. Interviewer: Well tell me a little bit about your high school preparation and how do you

Conference Session

Fulfilling the CE BOK2 - Case Studies

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Fridley, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2010-330: HOW THE CIVIL ENGINEERING BOK2 IS BEING IMPLEMENTEDAT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMAKenneth Fridley, University of Alabama Kenneth J. Fridley, PhD, F.ASCE, has been at The University of Alabama since 2003 where he is professor and head of the civil, construction and environmental engineering department. In 2006, he served as an administrative fellow for the office of the executive vice president and provost of the University. He is the 2010 recipient of the T. Morris Hackney Award for Faculty Leadership. Fridley has gained a variety of experience in structural wood engineering through his studies of the creep-rupture of wood, the vibrations, durability and deflection of wood

Conference Session

Big Picture Questions in BME

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole L. Ramo, University of Michigan; Aileen Huang-Saad, University of Michigan; Barry Belmont, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

and Schatzberg [15] point out that definitions are fundamental to philosophy, and our philosophy, whether explicit or not, determines how we educate [16]. More practically, definitions serve as objectives, helping to determine the ultimate aims of education. Thus, definitions may provide insights into how and why engineering education is this way and not that.”As Linsenmeier states in his 2003 IEEE article on biomedical engineering [5], “in order tospecify curriculum, we need to specify the field in which we are trying to provide an education(pg. 33).” Indeed, many of the reports offering suggestions for core BME content begin with adescription of biomedical engineering and how it is distinct from [5], [6], or

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Courses and Outcomes II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William D. Schindel, ICTT System Sciences; Samuel N. Peffers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James H. Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jameel Ahmed, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William A. Kline, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

reference. Often, various authors haveapplied slightly different labels to fundamentally the same concepts, or have subdivided andcategorized the same ideas in slightly different ways. For purposes of our discussion and toexplain and illustrate one axis of the three dimensional conceptual model of innovation, we havechosen “The Innovator’s DNA,” as presented by Dyer, Gregersen, and Christensen6.The competencies defined by the Innovator’s DNA, the authors refer to as, “Discovery Skills” 6.The term, “skill,” refers to task proficiency. While specific task proficiency is certainly anessential element of Engineering education for effective innovation, we envision the boundariesof the innovation space as broader than task specific skills alone. We refer