Conference Session

Approaches to Active Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Yim, University of Pennsylvania; Katherine Kuchenbecker, University of Pennsylvania; Paulo Arratia, University of Pennsylvania; Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania; John Bassani, University of Pennsylvania; Jonathan Fiene, University of Pennsylvania; Jennifer Lukes, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

different configurations, materials,and prices and are assessed a cost penalty that increases with component temperature. Thisexposes the students to aspects of multiobjective optimization (maximize cooling, minimize cost)that are typical of real-world engineering situations.To push on independence, the students are not told what experiments to do, nor how to do them,though they are supplied with the theoretical background. There are too many variations toexperimentally try every option, so they must decide which experiments to do using theory. Aspart of the exercise, the students are also taught about the structure and importance of memowriting (supported by the university’s Engineering Information and Communication (EIC)group). The report they

Conference Session

Technical Capacity Bldg for Developing Countries & Service Learning / International Division Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fazil Najafi, University of Florida; James Carlsen, University of Florida; Meghan Ritter, University of Florida; Nick Safai, Salt Lake City College

Tagged Divisions

International

done by a volume-based method).The next scope of the model is in its revenue system. As endorsed by the EPA Pay-As-You-Throw program, the volume based method of payments (currently operating in unincorporatedareas of Alachua County and the City of Gainesville) is seen as the ideal model for thesegrowing communities. The special assessment places limits on the amount of waste produced byeach citizen and encourages conservation as a means of saving money for individual citizens.The evidence is not visible in the amounts of trash per household. This is due to the differencesin collection policies within other municipalities (The Cities of Newberry and Alachua do notcurrently use a volume based rate of payment). This also refers to the first

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rogelio Luck, Mississippi State University; B.K. Hodge

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

courses:Engineering Analysis, System Dynamics, and Energy Systems Design. A significant advantageto sequencing courses in this manner is that students spend more time (and effort) in engineeringfunctions (formulation, verification, and validations) than in the arithmetic function (primarilyaccomplished by Mathcad). Details, examples, and assessment of effectiveness are discussed inthe paper.IntroductionOne important objective in engineering education is to inculcate in the students a systematic andpractical approach to problem solving. Traditionally, this has been largely accomplished throughthe use of homework following guidelines for problem formulation and solution usingengineering paper and handheld calculators. However, the widespread availability of

Conference Session

Project-Based Student Learning: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Everly, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in thefollowing student assessments.The following comments are extracted from course assessment forms developed by theauthors. Four questions were presented to the students during the last class of RFCommunications during Spring Quarter of 2008. Overall, the comments are very encouraging:1.0 Did the class project illustrate the concepts presented in the course? “The transceiver project covered just about all of the concepts presented in the course. I was intimidated by all the testing presented in the text. The problems all looked difficult and I was glad we worked the problems in class and then built the circuits in the laboratory. We explored filter design and tested

Conference Session

Manufacturing Curricula for the Year 2015 and Beyond

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Venkitaswamy Raju, State University of New York-Farmingdale

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

establish the criteria for accreditation ofmanufacturing engineering and technology programs.In 2008, SME initiated a review of the recommendations of Curricula 2002 and a study ofthe skills and competencies needed for the long term growth of the manufacturingindustry. The process started with the First Manufacturing Education Leadership Forumin Pittsburgh, PA in June 2008. A diverse, group of invited guests representing academia,industry, and government met to assess the need for continuing development, upgrading,and updating of manufacturing education programs. The workshop recommendations arecurrently being compiled for publication as “Curricula 2015” document. Since it is thework-in-progress document, it will take its final shape after SME’s

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Alexandru Belu, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

which are too complexto calculate or too expensive to be reproduced in a laboratory, or are simply notaccessible to the senses. The successful use of computer algebra systems does not implythat mathematical skills are no longer at a premium: such skills are important as ever.However, computer algebra systems may remove the need for those poorly understoodmathematical techniques which are practiced and taught simply because they serve asuseful tools. The usefulness of this approach will be evaluated by direct observation andformative assessment, and feedback from other educators will be highly appreciated.1. IntroductionEngineering electromagnetics is considered one of the most difficult courses and mostabstract and conceptually difficult areas

Conference Session

LABVIEW-Based Experiments and Robotics Laboratory

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olawale Akinwale, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawrence Kehinde, Texas Southern University; Kayode P. Ayodele, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; A. M. Jubril, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olutola. P. Jonah, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Soji Ilori, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

feedfrom Mogulus and Ustream. These attempted the experiments from a network with abandwidth of 60 kbps and more.54 % were unable to view the live video feed. These attempted the experiments from anetwork with a bandwidth of 15 kbps and less.3. User Experience:a. Lab intuitiveness: Page 14.39.13The average score given by the users for the intuitiveness of the lab (i.e. the experimentclients and the available documentation) was 72.9 %.b. Depth of understanding:From the questions asked the students sequel to their performing the experiments, ouraverage assessment of the depth of their understanding of the concepts being taught,introduced and

Conference Session

Learning as a Community

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Hinds, Michigan State University; Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University; Neeraj Buch, Michigan State University; Amanda Idema, Michigan State University; Cynthia Helman, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

should be noted the College currently has an assessment team inplace examining not only the results of the Spartan Engineering programs but also that of otherrecruitment, engagement and retention initiatives. Results of their findings will be madeavailable as data is collected and analyzed.Conclusions and RecommendationsAs discussed, we are only in the beginning stages of developing the Residential Experience/Spartan Engineering program. Our two introductory courses are in place, as well as our first labsto support those courses. Our development and instructional teams have spent over 3 years inthe planning and implementation of our academic goals.Over the next year, we will begin the second phase of our program development by

Conference Session

Attracting Young Minds: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Smith, North Carolina State University; Karen Hollebrands, North Carolina State University; Elizabeth Parry, North Carolina State University; Althea Smith, North Carolina State University; Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; Lynn Albers, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

mathematics findings regarding gender. In P. Kloosterman and F. Lester (Eds.) Results from the Ninth Mathematics Assessment of NAEP (pp. 261-287). Reston: NCTM.7. Friedman, T. L. (2005). The world is flat: A brief history of the 21st century. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.8. Casner-Lotto, J., & Barrington, L. (2006). Are they really ready to work? Employers’ perspectives on the basic knowledge and applied skills of new entrants to the 21st century U.S. workforce. New York: The Conference Board. Page 14.1264.15

Conference Session

Educational Research

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Kyun Lee, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTouneau University; R. William Graff, LeTourneau University; Vicki Sheafer, LeTourneau Iniversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

-report questionnaire as a method of style assessment, reflecting a new tendency in cognitive styleresearch to study conscious preferences in organizing and processing information3. Anothersignificant contribution of these studies is the examination of external factors that affect theformation of an individual’s style. These studies converged on the conclusion that cognitivestyles, although relatively stable, are malleable, can be adapted to changing environmental andsituational demands, and can be modified by life experiences.Is it cognitive style or learning style? Part of the attempt to clarify style theory and make betteruse of it in professional practice must involve resolving a definition of learning style.9 Theorganization of style theory

Conference Session

Tree-huggers, Diggers, and Queers--Oh my!

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Catalano, State University of New York, Binghamton; Caroline Baillie, Queens University, Kingston

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

atomism, a view that moral assessment applies only to individuals.The individual would be individual wolves, prey, ranchers, etc. On the other side isholism, a view that collectives or whole are subject to moral appraisal. In a morally deepworld, the view is shortsighted morally if one adopts either a holistic or atomistic. No one(holistic or atomistic) interest has priority over the other. There is an inevitable tensionbetween atomistic and holistic ethics. Sometime the interests of the biotic communitywill outweigh the interests of the individual, while at other times it is the interests of theindividual, which are paramount. Let us next identify the extent of the community orliving being in this case. Recall that a living being is

Conference Session

Design, Build, Fly (DBF)/AIAA Student Competition/UA

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Boyer, Saint Louis University; Christopher Peck, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

operationalrisks were assessed. The top eleven risks can be seen in Fig. 18. Number Risk Consequence Likelihood 1 Engine Failure 3 2 2 Signal Loss/Reciever Error 5 2 3 Damage in Assembly 3 3 4 Injury to Team 5 1 5 Wind Gust During Take-off and Landing 4 4 6 Overcharging Batteries

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Cases and Models

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dana Clarke, Applied Innovation Alliance; Donald Reimer, Lawrence Technological University; Ahad Ali, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

measurable progress and resultsStructured Innovation: the science of innovation • Foundation – Research of patent, history of technology, business, markets, psychology, etc. • Language – Ideality, resources, resource profiling, contradiction, secondary problems, etc. • Methods – 4-step process for solving inventive level problems, more involved algorithms for invention, failure analysis, failure prediction, risk assessment, patent analysis, competitive opportunity management, etc. • Principles – Over 850 inventive and evolutionary for all walks of life including science, engineering, business, education, government, personal, etc

Conference Session

Design for Society and the Environment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Williams, Virginia Tech; Richard Goff, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech; Karen Gilbert, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

customerinteraction. Specifically the authors would like to assess how first-year student interaction with areal customer can affect their motivation, self-efficacy, and design learning.AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to acknowledge Michele James-Deramo, director of the Virginia Tech Centerfor Student Engagement & Community Partnerships, for her involvement in the planning stagesof the ROXIE project. The authors also wish to offer their gratitude to Andy Morikawa, theExecutive Director of The Community Foundation of the New River Valley, for his input intothe development of the ROXIE program and his involvement with the project kickoff event(Section 3.2

Conference Session

Using Technology to Enhance Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Blowers, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

introductory sociology course from a remote location. Teach. Soc., 2008. 36(4): p. 331-344.3. Howard-Quijano, K.J., Huang, Y. M.; Matevosian, R.; Kaplan, M. B.; Steadman, R. H., Video-assisted instruction improves the success rate for tracheal intubation by novices. Brit. J. Anaesthesia, 2008. 101(4): p. 568-572.4. Pryor, C.R., Bitter, G. G., Using mulimedia to teach inservice teachers: Impacts on learning, application, and retention. Comp. Hum. Behav., 2008. 24(6, Spec. Iss.): p. 2668-2681.5. Takeda, N., Takeuchi, I.; Haruna, M., Assessment of learning activities using streaming video for laboratory practice education: Aiming for development of e-learning system that promote self learning. J. Pharm

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University; Steven Welch, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

insight into the team status, and the project manager provides valuabledocumentation for accreditation and assessment. Third performing regular peer evaluations toprovide performance feedback to students improves team performance. Peer evaluations alsoindicate that student become more discerning as the design experience progresses. Finally it isvaluable to formally teach design processes and structure design projects around designprocesses. Past experience indicated that a “sink or swim” approach is not effective, at least atthe author’s institution.Bibliography1 S. D. Sheppard, K. Macatangay, A. Colby et al., Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field. (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 2008).2 S. Howe and J

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Krantz, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Center program direction3a. Taking Care of Number 1!In the author’s opinion you owe it to yourself to take a SAL for many reasons. First, a SAL will Page 14.1041.4be a milestone in your career to assess its future direction. The author’s experience at NSF in1977-78 was pivotal in shifting his research from energy into membrane science and technology.A SAL can provide access to unique research opportunities and facilities. For example, theauthor’s SL at Aachen Technical University (ATU) in 1981-82 allowed him and two of hisgraduate students to have access to the world’s deepest test of underground coal gasification thatwas being carried out in

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Developments, Implementations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashraf Alkhairy, Alfaisal University; Leland Blank, Texas A&M University; Duane Boning, MIT; David Cardwell, University of Cambridge; W Craig Carter, MIT; Nick Collings, University of Cambridge; Allan Hayhurst, University of Cambridge; William Milne; Peter Robinson, University of Cambridge; Warren Seering, MIT; Kenneth Smith, MIT; Sallie Sheppard, Texas A&M University; Bill Stronge, University of Cambridge

Tagged Divisions

International

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

positionwhile undergraduate students. The students are encouraged to use internships for hands-on experience, assessment of what type of industry they would like to work in, and alsoto observe what engineers are doing at each of the levels of a Bachelor’s degree, aMaster’s degree, and a PhD degree. Many engineers have decided that they want to get agraduate degree after they see the difference in the level, challenge, and independence ofwork done by engineers with a graduate degree. The students are encouraged to sign upimmediately with Career Services (both at university and school level, who worktogether). An updated resume is required with the registration so that companies wishingto hire an intern or permanent placement engineer can view the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Experiential Learning and Economic Development II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Karanian, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Gregory Kress, Stanford University; Joel Sadler, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

consistently, repeatably and numerically, as well as identifying a group of individuals whoseIntergy level has directly contributed to their success in industry.RESULTSResults were considered first as anticipated story results and assessed as preliminary concepts in agrounded theory approach across four dimensions of telling design stories (see Figure 4). Any oneobservation of the presence or absence of transformative connections was observed and reported inword and picture form, across the ideating and discovery, prototyping, and, in-process, delivery phasesof ‘story’ work with:1. Balanced leadership and collaborative conditions for connection occurred through all participants.2. Working the relationships within the evolving dynamics and story of the

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claire Komives, San Jose State University; Erik Fernandez, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Division: Arlington, VA. p. 30.4. Exerpts from NSF Grant #0343135 to Tufts University. 2003.5. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education. 2003 [cited; Available from: http://mit.edu/che- curriculum/index.html.6. Arnaud, C.H., Modernizing Chem Engineering. Chemical & Engineering News, 2007. 85(42): p. 42.7. Brown, I.W., To Learn is to Teach is to Create the Final Exam. College Teaching, 1991. 39(4): p. 150-153.8. Brink, J., E. Capps, and A. Sutko, Student Exam Creation as a Learning Tool. College Student Journal, 2004. 38(2): p. 262-362.9. Rash, A., An alternative method of assessment: using student-created problems. Primus, 1997. 7(1): p. 89-95.10. Barghini, P., et al

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephanie L. Blaisdell; Peggy Fussell; Manuel Aroz; EIT, Maria Reyes; Catherine R. Cosgrove; Mary Ann McCartney; Maria A. Reyes; Mary Anderson-Rowland

students were able to listen to some candid assessments about the College ofEngineering and Applied Sciences. Subjects that were covered included access to tutoring, cluster housing forengineering students, scholarships, industry interface, support for conference attendance, professionaldevelopment workshops, and more. The most important feature of the CEMS Orientation Workshop was the immediate development of acommunity. Students have communicated that coming onto the ASU campus was initially intimidating, butwith the orientation prior to school starting the feeling of isolation was instantly dispelled. Throughout theday, the different means of communications, small groups, panel discussions, team competition andinformation dissemination

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Vijay K. Madisetti; James H. Aylor; David P. Wilsey; Anthony J. Gadient

embedded digital systems used in the “smart”products being sold indicated that the educational modus operandi needed to be adapted. For example, theapplication of theory in the form of hands-on design through labs was being advocated by Denning, et.al. 13.The report Computing Curricula 199114 proposed that rigid programs be made more flexible and sensitive toindividual goals. This report proposes the use of "knowledge units" which contain a discrete amount of relatedtopical information to achieve these objectives. The need to update the existing curricula is further evidenced by a recent survey sponsored by TexasInstruments and Toshiba. The results of this survey, designed to assess the status of hardware descriptionlanguage (HDL) education

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Ph.D., J.G. Shiber; H.R. Bogale

this initially sincere effort,we might, unwittingly, find ourselves over-generalizing about our students' academic needs and capabilities, often to theirdisadvantage. In an effort to find out how students perceive their success, a survey was conducted during the 1992-93 academic year,the results of which were presented at the 1993 KAS meeting (Shiber, 1993). The survey questioned students about their definitionof success, their feelings towards tests, grades, and instructional techniques. They were asked about their preference in teachers'behavior in the classroom. The survey results were interesting, but incomplete. How well can we assess the effectiveness of what we are doing asteachers if we only question students? Faculty

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Clifford Bragdon; Carl Berkowitz

. IAn expanding effort exists to develop and automate a number of databases on transportation of hazardousmaterials, including racking, monitoring, reporting accidents, and developing new ways to improve safety andcost-effectiveness. In the future, a large number of specialists will be needed to help train shippers and carrierpersonnel in the transportation of hazardous materials and in designing and implementing emergency responseprograms. An Office of Technology Assessment study concluded that only 25 percent of the 2 million emergencyresponse staff in the U.S. were adequately trained. 1

Conference Session

Enhancing Recruitment and Retention in Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Winn, West Virginia University; Laura Winn, Waynesburg Central High School; Reagan Curtis, West Virginia University; Robin Hensel, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Strongly Disagree 18 20.9 Agree or Strongly Agree 68 79.1Table 4 suggests that over three years, summer camp participants generally agreed that theirpeer-taught ACT/SAT test understanding improved after the week of summer camp. Thissummer camp module also shows consistently strong results over the three-year data collection. Page 14.401.9 Student Self Assessment (Agree or Strongly Agree with statements) on their Skill Development during Engineers of Tomorrow Summer CampFigure 2. Summary Percentage of Students Agreeing or Strongly Agreeing that Summer Camp

Conference Session

Robots in Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Mentis, United States Military Academy; Charles Reynolds, United States Military Academy; Donald Abbott-McCune, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Ring, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

more than simply telling them it is so duringlecture.7. Future WorkThere are two areas in which our package requires more work. First, at the time of this writing,the package does not protect the shared sensor data from concurrent reads and writes. We wouldlike to introduce multithreading so that a writer task can keep the sensor data current and theclient program can use a reader task to get sensor values as needed. When this is complete, weintend to make the package publicly available. Second, while we have used this package for onesemester in our CS1 program and appear to be getting good results, we would like to conductformal assessment on the use of the package for the stated goals.8. ConclusionWe have presented a wrapper package for the

Conference Session

Design Methodology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; Carla Gould, Ontario College of Art and Design; Casey Wong, Ontario College of Art and Design; Michael Helms, Georgia Institute of Technology; Djordje Zegarac, University of Calgary; Sean Gibbons, University of Montana; Carl Hastrich, Ontario College of Art and Design; Jeannette Yen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Bruce Hinds, Ontario College of Art and Design; Denise DeLuca, Biomimicry Institute; jessica ching, Ontario College of Art and Design

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 14.1365.8 Figure 5: Strain on grommets in relation to leaf vein structure.EvaluateThe concepts that we developed never reached the “Evaluate” phase of the design spiral;therefore we are unable to assess the validity of our ideas against life’s principles, we simply ranout of time.ConclusionIn retrospect, the Biomimicry process is not removed from our experiences of a regular designprocess, which also uses a process of inquest, exploration and experimentation. However, using afocused and educated lens of Biomimicry in the design process/spiral opened us up to researchand inspiration that may not have been explored otherwise. Additionally, the overarching criteriaof Life’s Principles add a layer of meaning

Conference Session

Using Classroom Technologies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeongkyu Lee, University of Bridgeport; Jalpa Bani, University of Bridgeport; Ying-ju Chen, University of Bridgeport

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. 5286, pp.337–338, 1996.[11] R. M. Howard, “Plagiarisms, authorships, and the academic death penalty,” Coll. English, vol. 57, no. 7, pp.788–806, Nov. 1995.[12] B. Leask, “Plagiarism and cultural diversity: Responsibilities, accountabilities and pedagogy,” in Proc.Plagiarism: Prevention and Policy Conf., Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K., 2004, pp. 274–289.[13] C. Park, “Other (peoples’) words: Plagiarism by university students— Literature and lessons,” Assess. Eval.High. Educ., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1–18, 2003.[14] C. Colberg and S. Kobourov, “Self-plagiarism in computer science,” Commun. ACM, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 88–94,Apr. 2005.[15] C. J. Neill and G. Shanmuganthan, “A web-enabled plagiarism detection tool,” IT Pro, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 19–23,Sep./Oct

Conference Session

Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Instruction

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen McClain, University of Alabama-Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

becamedependent on the MathCAD functions to solve their thermodynamics problems, 2) the studentswere not allowed to use their computers and the MathCAD functions during the course tests, and3) the professor gave tests requiring manual solution techniques and failed to recognize that thepedagogical changes required changes in testing and assessment. Some of the students in theME 242 course took advantage of the MathCAD resources in completing almost all of theirhomework assignments, yet the same students performed poorly on the tests which were createdto evaluate the students ability to use the tabular property data. The student responses reflect theneed to adapt testing methods and expectations as the course content and delivery changes.ConclusionsA set