Conference Session

Attracting Young MINDS in Engineering - Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; Jerome Lavelle, North Carolina State University; Louis Martin-Vega, Saigal

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

engineering problems contain issues relevant to many aspects of the Standard Course ofStudy(SCOS) used to construct daily lessons in schools in North Carolina. The Standard Courseof Study is defined by the State Department of Public Instruction, with input from nationalstandards and customized to perceived needs of the state. For example the content standards forthe National Science Standards are summarized as follows 6. In perusing these topics, onebegins to see that the grand challenges have application to several at a time. ≠ Unifying concepts and processes in science. o Conceptual and procedural schemes unify science disciplines and provide students with powerful ideas to help them understand the natural world

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum and Course Development

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Esmeralda Campos, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico; Carlos Eduardo Martinez-Torteya, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico and Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

demanded.DiscussionThe results indicate an undoubtedly positive student satisfaction regarding the achievement ofobjectives and learning the real-world applications of science and engineering and not finding itexceedingly difficult. Although time demand shows a somewhat negative perception, it can beseen as an improvement compared to a previous study at the same institution one semester prior[8]. That study reported that 66% of students in multidisciplinary engineering courses felt thatdistance learning was more time-consuming than in-person courses. Apart from the design andimplementation of the Exploration Elective courses that may be the reason for improvedperception, two significant factors are that students were better acquainted with distance learningand

Conference Session

ECE Pedagogy and Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry Bland, John Brown University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

aimed at application and integration. Clarification andexpansion of course concepts were addressed with additional problems, case studies, physicalexamples, and integration of concepts into real world situations. In rare instances, there wassufficient confusion to warrant a mini-lecture. Efforts were made to model this mini-lectureintervention in a manner similar to mentoring or team interaction (informal learning). Thestudent requesting information would have to clearly identify their areas of confusion. Theintent of the instructor was not to simply provide the answer, but lead the student to informationsources for problem resolution. Sometimes the student was given the chalk and had to outlinehis understandings, or lack thereof, at the front

Conference Session

COED: EE Topics

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rustin Webster, Purdue University, New Albany; Joseph F Dues Jr., Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Simulation. Simulations over which the learner has some control, such as being able to slow down an animation or set input parameters and observe what happens (Mayer, 2010).  Output Device. A physical device allowing communication from the computer to the user, such as a screen or projector (Bowman et al., 2005).  Virtual Environment. Computer-generated representations of real or imaginary environments, experienced as three dimensional via a number of sensory channels. Objects within these environments are independent of the user and can display real world behaviour. The user has autonomous control - the freedom to navigate and interact with the objects. This interaction occurs in real-time and the

Conference Session

Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Fred Looft, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Ciaraldi, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Eben Cobb, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kenneth Stafford, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Topics covered include the problem of teaching multidisciplinarydesign to senior engineering students working on solving real-world problems engineeringdesign problems and a discussion of our capstone design evaluation criteria, particularly as itapplies to a multidisciplinary program. Finally, learning outcomes specifically designed for thesenior-design and sample projects completed by robotics engineering students that illustrate ourapproach to designing this new robotics engineering program at the undergraduate level arepresented.IntroductionConsidering the fact that engineering students of 2010 will still be professionally active in 2050,their engineering education today should be broad enough for them to generate solutions to meetthe new

Conference Session

Cybersecurity Topics

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heena Rathore, Texas State University; Henry Griffith, San Antonio College

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

difficult Typically less difficult Benefits Can lead to publications and Can lead to job opportunities and conference presentations scholarships4.2 Limitations and Future DirectionsThe study emphasizes practical application over theory. While valuable, a strong foundation intheory is also crucial for deeper understanding and problem-solving in cryptography. The studydoes not address the long-term retention of knowledge gained through the scavenger hunt. Futureresearch could investigate whether students retain the cryptographic principles they learned duringthe activity and whether they can apply them effectively in real-world scenarios over time. Toevaluate the

Conference Session

High-impact Learning Practices

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Aaron T. Hill Jr., United States Military Academy; Kevin P. Arnett P.E., United States Military Academy; Cosme Alejandro Lopez Jr.; James Anthony Baglino, United States Military Academy ; Nicholas Perovich, United States Military Academy; Adriel Evan Moran, United States Military Academy; Adam Thomas Hebert, United States Military Academy; Anthony Bradley, United States Military Academy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

interdisciplinary approach byincorporating a law major and a systems engineering major into the team over the past two years,respectively. Building off of the successes and lessons learned from these recent experiences,the West Point 2020 Steel Bridge Team once again adopted an interdisciplinary approach, withfive students majoring in civil engineering and one student majoring in operations research.Given that few real-world engineering projects are completed without the utilization of multipledisciplines, the inclusion of students with different areas of expertise allows them to learn fromeach other, while taking advantage of each other’s strengths. While West Point’s 2020 SteelBridge team is not the first in-depth undergraduate interdisciplinary project

Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjaya Senadheera, Texas Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

specifications for concepts to • Sustainability-based sustainability specifications material specificationsDesign Project • Application of • Conduct • Design a structural sustainability concepts sustainability- component by in a real project based material integrating selection for a sustainability simple project concepts Page 14.21.9Page 14.21.10Assessment of student learning was

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Yong Y. Kim; Rakesh K. Kapania; Kamal B. Rojiani

applications areembedded in World Wide Web pages (where they are called applets) and are thus available via theInternet to students and instructors throughout the nation. The instructional units are self-containedand independent and can be easily integrated in a variety of courses. Examples of appletsdeveloped include: shear, moment and deflection of beams, computation of section properties ofsections built up from standard geometric shapes, analysis of statically determinate trusses, andshear center for open and closed section thin-walled tubes. The applets make extensive use ofgraphics and allow for significant interaction. The advantages of using Java and the World WideWeb for teaching are discussed and examples of the use of these applets in the

Conference Session

Embedded Computing

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jeffrey Anderson, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming; Robert Kubichek, University of Wyoming; Suresh Muknahallipatna, University of Wyoming; John Pierre, University of Wyoming; David Whitman, University of Wyoming; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Understand and utilize memory maps, boot procedures, and the multi-channel buffered serial port.≠ Learn how to mitigate stability problems in finite word-length machines. Implement IIR filters as second-order stages in a real-time environment.≠ Implement filters using frames with and without the enhanced DMA. Learn how to avoid edge effects.≠ Explore and implement different methods for direct digital signal synthesis.≠ Review the fast Fourier transform and implement it in real time. Use the FFT for fast convolution and filtering applications using the overlap-and-add method.D.3.4. Design activities:The course is not specifically design oriented. However, students are confronted with manyproblems where critical design decisions

Conference Session

Program Evaluation Studies

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Jill Rogers, University of Arizona; Amy Annette Rogers, Delaware State University; James C. Baygents, University of Arizona

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

theories about human learning anddevelopment [24]. Dewey’s most basic model of learning focuses on observation of conditions,knowledge of what has happened before (or instruction on this), judgement of what should bedone and finally action in the real world [23]. Kolb applies ideas from Dewey, Lewin, Piaget,Freire and others to form his Experiential Learning Theory. Kolb’s ELT theory is based on sixpropositions [24], [25]. 1. Learning is best conceived as a process. 2. All learning is relearning (or application of prior experience). 3. Learning requires the resolution of conflicts between dialectally opposed modes of adaptation to the world. 4. Learning is a holistic process of adaptation to the world. Includes

Conference Session

Computing Technology Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M T Taher; Usman Ghani, Robert Morris University; Ahmed S. Khan, DeVry University, Addison

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Controls, Inc. in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, developing machine code for high end in- dustrial controllers. Later he joined Illinois Technical College, Chicago, IL where he developed and taught courses in the various domains of computer communications. Dr. Ghani joined DeVry University as an assistant professor to teach engineering technology related courses but his interest in computer networking compelled him to get trained and obtained many industry certifications including CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate), CCNA-Security, MCP (Microsoft Certified Professional) and VCP (VMWare Certi- fied Professional); he is also a Cisco Certified Academy Instructor (CCAI). To bring real world experience into his classroom

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Piyush Pradhananga, Florida International University; Mohamed ElZomor, Florida International University; Gabriella Santi; Arif Mohaimin Sadri, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural Engineering, Construction Engineering

intra-disciplinary curriculum, which acts as a nexus to developskills with real-world implications [5]. This approach is student-centered, and it fostersintegrative learning and performance-based assessment; thus, it shows a significant potential toimprove CM pedagogy and develop students’ soft skills [6]. A similar vertically integrativeproblem-based learning framework was implemented between undergraduate CM students andgraduate civil engineering students at Arizona State University in a face to face environment;through such learning framework, students’ soft skills improved, as well as their intent to pursuean advanced degree and to stay in the major [7]. Such an integrative approach has also beenfound to be effective in other studies

Collection

2013 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

Reza Fazel-Rezai; Sima Noghanian; Ahmed Rabbi

senior high school students to math and programming with application in engineering through hands-on real-world projects, b) Increase motivation and practice deep thinking using problem-based learning methods, c) Teach them a powerful programming language (MATLAB) that they can use it for many different applications, d) Recruit students into University of North Dakota engineering program, and e) Provide fun and exciting experience of how math can be used for engineering problem solving. 226Learning outcome of the camp can be summarized as: 1. Learn basic scientific programming skills and gain experience using MATLAB, 2. Gain confidence

Conference Session

Contemporary Instrumentation Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Robertson, Arizona State University; Barbara Rampel, Arizona State University; James Edwards, Raytheon

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

, Tucson. He has been a long-time participant in the JACMET Instrumentation team and is now chairman. Page 13.672.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 How many Engineers does it take to make a measurement?AbstractThe emergence of nano-technology has driven the evolution of instrumentation tools andhas revolutionized the measurement industry. The new technology also impactsengineering education with challenges to prepare the next generation of graduates to becompetent and effective in this rapidly evolving field. This paper examines three currentindustry applications and explores their implications for curriculum

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

May Movafagh Mowzoon; Mary Aleta White; Stephanie L. Blaisdell; Mary Anderson-Rowland

major, needs. By infusing engineering problem-solving concepts andapplications into math and science curricula, students are provided with a context for the materialthey are learning. Furthermore, demonstrating that engineers use math and science to solve real-world problems and to help people is designed to be particularly appealing to female studentswho are socialized to enter nurturing and people-oriented careers. For example, one study foundthat young women planning careers in science were drawn to them because of a desire to help[10].Program DescriptionWISE Investments brought 24 middle and high school math and science teachers from 11schools and six district-level administrators from five participating school districts to the ASUcampus

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhigang Shen, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Yimin Zhu, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

theories are taught without much application context. In a typical real-worldengineering project, complex constraints from the application context often requires solutionsfrom compromise and prioritization of multiple engineering and non-engineering factors.“Many of the students who make it to graduation enter the workforce ill equipped for thecomplex interactions, across many disciplines, of real-world engineered systems” [1]. A report bythe National Academy of Engineering [2] pointed out that a critical component needed forengineering curricula is to foster an understanding of the interrelationships between engineered,technical, and nontechnical systems. A study by Jonassen et al. [3] shed some light on what islacking in conventional engineering

Conference Session

ENT-5: Pathways for Developing Entrepreneurial Skills Across Educational Levels

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Mulry, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Chloe Hincher, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Olgha Bassam Qaqish, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

the first cycle of short-term study-abroad students in Spring‬ ‭2024:‬ ‭1.‬ H ‭ ow do international experiences impact the entrepreneurial mindsets (EM) development‬ ‭of first-year engineering students, particularly regarding connectedness and‬ ‭multiculturalism?‬ ‭2.‬ ‭To what extent do students link their international experiences to real-world engineering‬ ‭applications, specifically in sustainability, security, health, and the joy of living, as‬ ‭outlined by the National Academy of Engineering's grand challenges?‬‭ o answer these questions, we evaluated students' pre- and post-assessments, including surveys‬T‭and concept maps, to assess growth in the areas of connectedness specifically

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Poster Session

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seyed Hamid Reza Sanei, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

-class preparation, requiring students to engage withinstructional material, such as videos or readings, before attending class. Class time is thendedicated to active problem-solving and the application of concepts [1]. While effective inpromoting higher-order thinking, this approach relies heavily on students' self-discipline andaccess to resources outside the classroom, leading to inconsistent engagement and learningoutcomes [2]. Project-based learning immerses students in real-world challenges, allowing themto apply theoretical knowledge in practical contexts [3]. Similarly, Kolb’s Experiential LearningTheory (ELT) provides a foundational model for learning through experience, structured around acyclical process of Concrete Experience

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University; Prabhakar Reddy Pagilla, Texas A&M University; Arun Srinivasa, Texas A&M University; Pavan Kumar Moturu, Texas A&M University; Satish Bukkapatnam, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

challenge in which the students were required to design,build, and test (from concept to prototype) to solve various real world industry challenges. Thetopics were provided by the industry. The REU students teamed with the other students from thecollege and worked on projects that had cybermanufacturing theme. Table 3: Description of student activities during 10-week summer research program at TAMUActivity Description WeekWelcome/ Orientation Students participated in the welcome meeting making them 1by College of familiar with the program team, university along with the COEEngineering and UGR, rules and research guidelines. Students also

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 5 Design Teams

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shulong Yan; Eunice Kang; Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Avneet Hira, Boston College

the outside world and iterate differentsolutions sustainably [12], [20], [21]. Additionally, the tool supports the engineering designprocess in using mental models to develop a more holistic understanding of the presentedproblems [21]. Studies reveal that technologies like augmented reality can increase studentmotivation and interest by offering an on-site real-world experience that helps studentsunderstand their work to be relevant [20], [22]. For example, one study on an augmented realitymobile application (NetAR) developed for engineering students to complement traditionaleducation showed increased student motivation by 11%, as measured in the study [22]. Throughvisual stimulation that students may interact with, AR allows for greater

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kaitlin Tyler, ANSYS Inc.; Claes Fredriksson, ANSYS Granta; Hannah Melia, ANSYS Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Materials

paper, we will be focusing on three resource categories: (i)real-world inspired case studies, (ii) the Five Step Method for advanced design problems, andour newest resource, (iii) Introductory Materials Science Teaching Packages. These resourceshave been designed with increased student engagement in mind.Case Studies are among one of the resources categories that we have developed. These resourcesallow students to see what goes into the design and assessment of real-world products. This real-world connection is critical; it connects to previous understanding for improved learningpotential and can motivate learning of technical concepts (such as mathematics [24]) by showingtheir practical use, relevant to students’ careers. To address this need

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

M. David Burghardt

relationships. They may demonstrateunderstanding by using concrete materials to model spatial relationships or to construct graphsand tables to display real-world data. In fourth grade mathematics, students must be able to readand interpret graphs and tables. Their ability might be assessed by providing a chart withinformation about planets and the lengths of a day in hours for each of them. Students wouldbe asked to create a bar graph, appropriately labeled, for this information and then to discussthe data in written statement.Students need to be able to measure in the metric and English systems, This provides themwith a major link between the abstractions of mathematics and the real world in order todescribe and compare objects and data. In this

Conference Session

Topics in Energy Management

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esther T. Ososanya, University of the District of Columbia; Sasan Haghani, University of the District of Columbia; Wagdy H Mahmoud, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

station. Thebase station is connected to a Wi-Fi network that enables the relay of the data to a MySQLdatabase on the internet. One of the fundamental goals of such a design is to enable the access ofthe AC/DC sensor data via the internet despite its location. This would ensure the ability to viewthe data in real-time from any location in the world. This accessibility advantage addresses theabove mentioned goals of the Hadoop Cloud computing, the Zero Energy Home, and theperformance of the ECO Pole solar and wind powered street lamps. Page 23.1181.3 2 Figure 1: An overview of the system

Conference Session

Project-based Learning in ET Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yonghui Wang, Prairie View A&M University; Suxia Cui, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

computer and communication technology; the agriculture industry istransforming from labor-intensive to more and more technology-relying. To support the evergrowing world population with limited farm land, researchers investigate the concept ofprecision agriculture, which helps to increase farm produces by using less resources. Precisionagriculture successfully uses technology like Decision Support System (DSS) and Informationand Communication Technology (ICT). The convenience and wide availability of smart devicesmake such technology accessible to small farms. Based on the observation, a project-basedlearning opportunity is offered to students at Prairie View A&M University. In the project,students investigate research focusing on a real-time

Conference Session

Sustainability in Civil Engineering Education: Service Learning, Capstone Integration, Student Affect and Rating Systems

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Besser P.E., University of St. Thomas; Travis Welt, University of St. Thomas; Hannah Dasyam, University of St. Thomas; Tripp Shealy, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

means that successful graduates will encompass the designmindset needed to be creative, innovative, flexible, adaptive, curious and imaginative problemsolvers [2]. Civil engineering programs are responding to shifting industry requirements as wellas revised ABET student outcomes, including “an ability to acquire and apply new knowledge asneeded using appropriate learning strategies.” Engineering education, in general, may strive tomore closely represent the complexity and ill-defined nature of real world problems bypresenting case studies, open-ended problems, and other activities that bridge multipledisciplines [3]. Teaching-learning frameworks which offer greater exposure to the complexitiesof real world engineering, such as experiential

Conference Session

2-Year College Division: Workforce Pathways and ATE

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

David I. Spang, Rowan College at Burlington County; Edem G Tetteh, Rowan College at Burlington County; Ratneshwar Jha, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

Engineering Technology Accreditation Commission, Criteria for AccreditingEngineering Technology Programs, 2018-2019.(9) The Organizational Ecology of College Affordability: Research Activity, State Grant AidPolicies, and Student Debt at U.S. Public Universities, C. Eaton et al., Socius: SociologicalResearch for a Dynamic World, American Sociological Association, Sage Journals,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2378023119862409, August 2019.(10) Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956).Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals; Handbook I:Cognitive Domain, New York, Longmans, Green, 1956.(11) “Real-World Applications of Mathematical and Scientific Principles

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Engineering Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erol Ozan, East Carolina University; Mohammad Tabrizi, East Carolina University; Karl Wuensch, East Carolina University; Shahnaz Aziz, East Carolina University; Masao Kishore, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Online Learning EnvironmentsOne relatively new concept in online education is the use of virtual reality technology.Virtual reality technology enables students and instructors to share a common 3D spacethat resembles a real physical environment. Virtual reality platforms offer newcapabilities that have a great potential to aid students’ learning. There are a number ofinnovative e-learning applications that use 3-D virtual reality based communication andcollaboration tools. Virtual-reality technologies have been used in flight simulation totrain pilots and assess their competency for decades. Other educational applicationsemerge everyday. There are successful examples in the area of medical training. Forexample, Brenton et al.6 reported the use

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffany Veltman, University of Calgary; William (Bill) Rosehart, University of Calgary; Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; Denis Onen, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

standard engineering tools (such as logbooks). • The application of design to real-world problems. • The ability to easily receive a high grade.Dislikes: • Projects requiring too much social consideration, or too much reliance on pre-requisite technical skills. • Vague project requirements and marking schemes. • High workload. • Stagnant communications assignments. • Lack of support in projects.In analyzing these results, we could make the argument that the participants’ reported dislike forthe “projects requiring too much social consideration, or too much reliance on pre-requisitetechnical skills” could have altered their perceptions of their learning of these skills, leading tolower reported scores for these skills in the

Conference Session

Computer ET Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chengcheng Li, East Carolina University; Lee Toderick, East Carolina University; Peng Li, East Carolina University; Tijjani Mohammed, East Carolina University; Philip Lunsford, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

systems are Blackboard6, Sakai7,and Moodle8. Centra9 and other tools can deliver lectures online in real-time by usingvideo/audio streaming, Whiteboard technology, application sharing, and remote assistancetechnique. The free Wiki tools or commercial tools, such as MS Sharepoint, can facilitatecollaborations among the DE students.3. Simulation based lab teachingSoftware simulation has been widely used in the engineering fields. The benefits of usingsimulation in teaching are cost saving and safety. Simulation software can also create an abstractmodel of the real equipment which concentrates on the essential operations and functionalities ofthe real equipment. Studies10, 11 have shown simulation software provides great value to theacademic