Collection

2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Manuel D. Rossetti; Bryan Hill; Ronna Turner; Wen-Juo Lo; Ed Pohl; Xintao Wu

, clustering, and classification.• Student mentoring from each other, with faculty and with industry partners. Mentoring activities will include engagement with data science faculty on career and research opportunities, meetings with industry representatives to discuss career opportunities, and peer engagement within social settings.• A data science speaker series hosted during the academic year. The series provides students and faculty with a better understanding of data science from an industry perspective. Business and industry leaders will share their experiences, concerns, and future analytics objectives, while also sharing insight regarding the future job market within their industries. The Speaker Series provides

Conference Session

Trends in Energy Conversion/Conservation

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott Dunning

, portable, Rittal carts that each has acoupled AC/DC motor combination mounted on top complete with an end tachometer. RockwellAutomation manufactured all the motors. Inside each cabinet is a Rockwell PowerMonitor IIblock. All wiring leads to Hampden connector points on the side of each cart. (See Figure 3) Each laboratory experiment requires direct supervision by a faculty member. Thelaboratory equipment is far too costly to repair if it is damaged and its operational voltage of 480volts creates a safety issue. While this causes concern, it also creates a realistic experience onactual industrial equipment. Students develop a healthy respect for safety issues and they learn tobe certain of all connections before applying power to a circuit

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Cambron, Western Kentucky University; Stacy Wilson, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-1314: ASSESSING A PROJECT-BASED PROGRAM AFTER A DECADEMark Cambron, Western Kentucky UniversityStacy Wilson, Western Kentucky University Page 15.197.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 ASSESSING A PROJECT-BASED PROGRAM AFTER A DECADEIntroductionThe Department of Engineering at Western Kentucky University (WKU) was given the rareopportunity to develop entirely new engineering programs. On July 17, 2000, the Council onPostsecondary Education (CPE) approved the Strategy for Statewide Engineering Education inKentucky. This strategy is intended to address two primary issues: 1.) the need to increase thenumber of baccalaureate engineers in the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael W. Thompson, Baylor University; Anne Marie Spence, Baylor University; Nathan F Alleman, Baylor University; William A Booth, Baylor University; Sarah E Madsen, Baylor University; Taylor Wilby, United States Military Academy; Pacey Ham Mitchell, Baylor University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

programs, such as virtual mentoring sessions, were successful,efforts to maintain engagement during periods of isolation led to new insights into how to adaptfuture programming for remote environments.Mentoring was another area where the program continuously refined its approach. Initially, theprogram aimed to implement a comprehensive mentoring structure that included faculty, peer,and alumni mentors. To ensure greater engagement, a “choose your mentor” model wasintroduced, allowing students to select mentors based on shared academic or professionalinterests. This adjustment resulted in more meaningful and sustained mentor-menteerelationships, fostering improved engagement on topics relevant to students’ personal and careergoals. By embracing

Collection

2010 North Midwest Section

Authors

Harry C. Petersen

program failures and incompatibilities, in addition to the additional instructor timethese failures required.Equipment costs included University studio and audio-visual and editing equipment, servers andstorage devices, local computers, computer cameras, green screens, and other materials.Minnesota State University, Mankato, decided to use the D2L on-line delivery system3, which isan excellent web-based instructional material delivery system, but must be paid for andmaintained.Other issues, costs, and problems of converting classes to on-line delivery included:1. Copyrights and intellectual property protection laws, which rises to a new level when putting materials on-line42. License fees, and the problem of live streaming versus Quick Time

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren

understand how this topic was integrated into thecurriculum. Some students commented it depended on the class. Other comments aboutadding more “real world” experiences were also given by the students. This is clearly anarea in which the curriculum can improve. EGO 10 covers a similar topic, contemporaryissues. The students commented that exposure to this topic should be increased in thecurriculum. They also said some professors are doing a better job than others. The sureycould identify an opportunity to learn from faculty that are already incorporatingcontemporary issues into their classes. EGOs 11 and 12 generally reflect the confidenceand exposure to situations that the students experienced. The comments centered onpossible software packages that

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Jacek Jarzynski; Sheldon M. Jeter

andschedule changes required an evaluation and redesign of our required undergraduatelaboratory courses. One result was the design of a new and innovative engineeringsciences and systems lab course that is the subject of this paper. Our intention was todevelop a course that could be taught by many faculty members and graduate teachingassistants, use a wide range of existing physical resources, broaden the technologicalexperience of the students, and develop the full range of communications skills. Thispaper describes the development and implementation of the new course and reviews ourexperience and the results of course evaluation from the first semester of instruction.BACKGROUND Under the quarter system previously employed at Georgia Tech, a

Conference Session

Session 4 - Track 2: Inclusive Innovation: Reframing STEM Research in COVID-19

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Tamara N. Hamilton, Syracuse University ; Claudine-Lonje A Williams, Syracuse University; Chelsea Bouldin

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

alongside faculty mentors. Claudine has also co-facilitated multiple Conversations about Race and Ethnicity (C.A.R.E.) Circles and C.A.R.E. Speaks through the Office of Multicultural Affairs (OMA) to undergraduate students across the SU colleges and departments including RAs in an effort to impact demonstrative change in diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility on campus. Claudine is a licensed Social Worker (LMSW). She graduated from Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY) with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and a minor in Communications, and later went on to pursue a Master’s degree in Social Work from Fordham University. Claudine began her social work career in the field of child

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: S-STEM 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Eun-Young Kang, California State University, Los Angeles; Jianyu Jane Dong, California State University, Los Angeles; Matthew Jackson Ph.D., California State University, Los Angeles; Emily L. Allen, California State University, Los Angeles; Daniel Galvan, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

for summer internships or REUprograms. Identifying that not all scholars are active to contact people or seek opportunities,the program decided to 1) require scholars to initiate meetings with faculty mentors instead offaculty mentors initiating the meetings and 2) connect several faculty with relatively passivescholars to make them involved in undergraduate senior research projects. We expect that thisminor change will give all the scholars a fair opportunity to train themselves to interact withtheir supervisors proactively and adapt themselves to new and challenging environments easily.The program also provides field trips. Showing potential workplaces and career role models intheir study field will help scholars to stay motivated, connect

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary P. Langenfeld; David Wells

Figure 3: Examples of Industry-University Dialogue It has become most common that industry -- in virtually every engineering discipline -- isthe leader in new technology, apparatus and applications. Laboratory apparatus on campuses isoften one-to-many generations behind the current industry standard. In that industrial observers,in the SME study and elsewhere, express concern over gaps in the experience of new graduateswith current technology, it becomes more and more obvious that an important part in the Page 4.148.5solution of this particular piece of the problem is readily at hand in making state-of-the-artapparatus and applications of

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 22

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Faraz Sajawal, University of Oklahoma; Javeed Kittur, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

ChatGPT evolving in the future andwhat impact do you think it will have on education? (3) What ethical considerations should beconsidered when using ChatGPT in an educational setting? and (4) Can ChatGPT promote criticalthinking and problem-solving skills in students? Why?The responses were coded using NVivo to examine the perceptions of engineering students usingChatGPT. A total of 269 responses were included in the analysis. The responses revealed diverseviewpoints on the future of ChatGPT in education, examining its potential impact on teaching andlearning. While advancements are anticipated, ethical concerns like privacy, academic integrityand equitable access surfaced as significant issues. Opinions on ChatGPT’s role in boosting

Collection

2010 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Gary P. Halada

)which respond to particular outcomes in a measurable sense.Introduction to the broader issues in comprehensive engineering education is often a dauntingtask, falling outside the expertise (and in many cases interests) of engineering faculty. Thedifficulty in meeting these “professional skills” area in engineering education has been cited asbeing particularly challenging and requiring new approaches (for both teaching and assessment).4Shuman, et al., categorize these skills as “process oriented” (communication, teamwork andethics) and “awareness oriented” (global and societal context, knowledge of contemporary issues,life-long learning). A number of different approaches have been taken to enhance the learning ofthese skills in undergraduate

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ingrid Scheel, Oregon State University; Rachael E. Cate, Oregon State University; Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

applicationexploration/storytelling.Conclusion: Through the use of examples, personal interactions, and application or classroomcontext-based anecdotes, faculty are already creating authentic microcosms of inclusiveclassrooms and are struggling to articulate how they do it to administrators and ABET. Wesuggest these resultant methods be used to create microinsertions of ethics and social impacts asone strategy for minimizing the technical/social dualism present in most curriculum [6], [7]which we hope will prove a rigorous strategy for the eventual full integration of sociotechnicalapproaches to problem solving in engineering education.IntroductionThere is a lack of consistency concerning integrating social impacts fully into technical lessons,modules, courses

Conference Session

Graduate Study Programs Supporting Diversity and Underrepresented Minority Students - Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth A. Bucher MSW, Ohio State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Program

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

attrition, students just making it through, orworse.Initiatives were begun in a large graduate engineering program. This is a discussion of the good,the bad, and the ugly of the first attempts of the programming. Some of the components includesmall group leadership of new students, Get Launched for Success Workshop Series, weeklyemail outreach spotlighting University resources, suicide risk assessment, Group WellnessCoaching, collaboration with graduate student organization officers, student interest surveys, and“Surviving the Holidays” workshop presented by campus counseling services.Support was solidified from faculty leadership to create a wellness culture. The department chairwas approached for approval of a budget for food for events in autumn

Conference Session

Undergraduate Spacecraft Design II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Brown, U.S. Air Force Academy; Lynnane George, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

undergraduatecore astronautics courses. The review included two small focus groups and student writtenassessments from approximately 700 students. Anonymous time logs from every student in thetwo courses provided a quantitative determination of the amount of time students spent workingoutside of class. To determine if students had an adequate understanding of space, current andformer faculty were surveyed along with space leaders in the Air Force who supervise Academygraduates. As a result of this broad review, it was decided that the two courses should becombined into one large, improved course, which is now taught to approximately 1,000 cadetseach year. This new course was redesigned with an emphasis on student learning.Computerized visual animation

Conference Session

Computers and Learning

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khalid W Khawaja, American University in Dubai

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

23.60.14 Figure 9. Course Learning Outcomes Level dashboard chart that is a Function with low validity.Students get a similar dashboard chart that shows them the level of coverage, validity andfocus they have completed based on the assessments that they have already taken. In otherwords, once the faculty of a course logs a score for a student in an assessment, the score isused in the data that generates the student’s CVF chart. Note that the actual score is irrelevantin this context for all roles.6 The Assessment Process Using the New TerminologyUsing the classifications that are defined in previous sections, a particular program learningoutcomes assessment mapping process can now be described concisely using an agreed uponterminology

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Exchange Programs, and Student Engagements

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiago R Forin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

of relevant literatureas well as engaging with an engineering team from Aqua Clara International, who have firsthandexperience with water quality issues in that region of Kenya. With this information, we were ableto create scaled down models of the actual filter we wished to build and we tested and monitoredthe filters and the water quality they were producing. The project would be concluded with a tripto the site in Eldoret, Kenya to implement our design. This personal account is meant to giveeducators an opportunity to see how such a project develops from the perspective of a student.By sharing this account with students, educators who are engaged in similar projects can engagein discussions concerning what to expect from these projects

Conference Session

International Division (INTL): Inclusive Global Engagement

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Carlos Quadrado, ISEL/IPL; ENTER; ISRC/ISEP/IPP, Portugal,; Kseniya Zaitseva, ENTER Network; Maria Isabel Doval, Universidade de Vigo; Breixo Martins-Rodal

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

measurement methodologies for rural development, collaborating in the development of the new rural compass for measuring new European policies. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Engineering Educators in Ecuador: The EENTITLE ProjectAbstractThe EENTITLE project, funded by the EU, is a transformative initiative aimed atelevating the status and recognition of engineering educators across Ecuador bypromoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) practices that encompass faculty andsupport staff ensuring that all of them—regardless of their social, economic, linguistic,ethnic or geographical background—are recognized for their unique

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Electrical and Computer ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fernando Rios-Gutierrez, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

of all EET faculty and industrial partners.Using weekly, meetings the students report progress through the presentation of deliverables,discussion of issues and concerns, and creation of action items. The results of this new processhave been excellent. Through the continued development, review, and improvement process, thenew senior design project course sequence is exceeding initial expectations. Faculty is noticing abetter investment of the students in the projects and is detecting a higher level of satisfactionwith the course. Industrial partners have also mentioned their satisfaction with the projectsdeveloped by the students. The quality and success of senior design projects has increaseddramatically. The results of most of the projects

Conference Session

Labs & Hands-on Instruction II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria Lorelei Fernandez, Florida International University; Natalie Paul, Florida International University; Ismail Guvenc, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

included information about the research projects each participant was engaged in, theirmentors and the mentoring they received for these projects, the extent of collaboration with otherstudents on their research project, and outcomes and issues that arose related to the researchprojects.Participants were nine male undergraduate students and their faculty mentor. The undergraduatestudents were from across three research programs: REU (3 participants), BSMP (4 participants),and student internships (2 participants). All the students were majoring in some form ofengineering, primarily electrical engineering, secondly mechanical engineering, and lastlycomputer engineering. Two were sophomores, four were juniors, and three were seniors.Additionally

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Design I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Breanna M. W. Bailey, Texas A&M University-Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

engineering faculty that this assignment wouldnot contain sufficient design to qualify as a capstone experience for their students. For thisreason, the 2015-2016 AE-CE-ME team decided to add a retractable roof so that their structurehad a moving component of greater design interest to the ME students. Similar concerns wereraised by electrical engineering faculty that multidisciplinary projects forced their students into asupporting, rather than design, role.In 2016-2017, the senior design class contained only AE, CE, and ME students. Class projectdiscussions led to the concept of a central project with different aspects being designed bydifferent teams. The Javelina Plaza was designed as a multi-story complex providingentertainment, retail, and study

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Kent Curtis, Northern Kentucky University; Niaz Latif, Purdue University - Calumet

3.399.3(Table. 1). Figure 2: Functions related to MST program development processTable 1. Check list to address each entity outlined by Galbraith (Tasks, People, Structure, Rewards and Processes) 3 Structure What should be the make-up of the Team (faculty, administrators, and leaders of business and industry)? Task What are the events that led to the consideration of a new program (Alumni input, business and industry input)? Task How does the program fit with the University mission? Task Is there local and state political support for the program? Task What are the opportunities/ issues /concerns /opposition (internal, state

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Rose Marra; Andrew Lau; John Wise; Robert Pangborn

order to establish this kind of expectation right from the start forincoming students, a new first-year seminar requirement was established. Rather than prescribe Page 6.900.1the content and format for the seminars, the proposal advocated that the faculty in the Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition Copyright  2001, American Society for Engineering Educationindividual colleges should have broad authority and flexibility in the design and delivery of theseminars. There were two reasons for preserving flexibility: • Faculty buy-in would be

Conference Session

Design in the BME curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kay C. Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patricia Brackin P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Anneliese Watt, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Alan Chiu, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen A. Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jay Patrick McCormack, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renee D. Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Richard A. House, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

Paper ID #22986An Engineering Design-Oriented First Year Biomedical Engineering Cur-riculumDr. Kay C. Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Kay C. Dee received a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University, and M.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees in biomedical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. After completing her graduate work, Kay C joined the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. She later joined the faculty at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. She served as the founding Director of the Rose-Hulman Center for the Practice and Scholarship

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ken Ports; Carolyn Fausnaugh; Muzaffar Shaikh; Carmo D'Cruz

development, project management, project execution and closure, a littlemarketing, and the definition and production of launch collateral materials such as articles,patent disclosures and application notes. Each team conceives a new product idea, then definesit, determines its value proposition, designs it, verifies the design, develops and builds it,validates it and prepares for a “whole product” market introduction. The culmination of thecourse sequence is the Student Design Showcase, set up in the gymnasium as a trade show, opento all faculty and students, the public, local companies, schools, team sponsors and the press, andat which each team demonstrates their project results.Course 2: Technology Commercialization Strategies - This innovative

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Chemical Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Barr, University of Michigan; Sarah A Wilson, University of Kentucky; Janie Brennan, Washington University in St. Louis; Joanne Beckwith Maddock, Carnegie Mellon University; Tracy L. Carter, Northeastern University; Samira Azarin Azarin; Amy J. Karlsson, University of Maryland

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

perceptionof students that all learning outcomes are equally important continued is a perception that wasshared with the faculty stakeholders. For students, all thirteen outcomes were ranked betweenmoderately and very important and had statistically the same importance. This is even morepronounced than the findings for the faculty survey, which showed the top eleven out of thirteenoutcomes as “moderately important (3)” or higher and the top 8 as statistically similar [13]. Thisis somewhat concerning, considering chemical engineering laboratory courses are already oftentasked with assessing many outcomes because of the experimental nature of the curriculum.Adequately covering all thirteen learning objectives in a single lab course is clearly

Conference Session

STEM Education and Intercultural Competence

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leanne Petry, Central State University; Kenya Crosson, University of Dayton; Margaret Pinnell, Air Force Institute of Technology; Melissa Karlin, St. Mary's University; Ramanitharan Kandiah, Central State University; Krishnakumar V. Nedunuri, Central State University; Kaitlin Hill, St. Mary's University; Corinne Mowrey, University of Dayton; Kellie Schneider, The Foodbank, Inc. (Dayton, OH); Elizabeth Generas, Wright State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division (COMMENG)

that could prepare more students for STEM careers. As this REU emphasizededucational research in engineering and community engagement, qualitative and quantitativeresults do suggest participants attained new knowledge regarding STEM research based onparticipation in discipline specific research that provided meaningful societal impact bycontending with environmental issues such as biodegradation, solid waste management, andpollution prevention (Table 1). Treatment of these topics in the research projects enabledparticipants to see the alignment of their significance with the SDG goals. Similarly, fosteringsuccessful community partnerships and research activities focused on complex social issuessurrounding food insecurity and providing access

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Polly Parkinson, Utah State University; Fawn Groves, Utah State University; Emma Mecham; Amy Wilson-Lopez, National Science Foundation; Ivonne Santiago, University of Texas at El Paso; Jennifer Ramos-Chavez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

compensating people who own homes or whatever, you're still really displacing a lot of renters, which is who lives next to freeways already.The community members’ concerns underscored that, from their perspective, people had beenrepeatedly “crapping all over us,” and the installation new EV infrastructures must not follow inthat trend. In their view, the installation of new infrastructures was more than an issue of meetingtechnical specifications for safety, and even more than an issue of improving air quality andchildren’s health. Instead, new infrastructures were issues of justice that were contextualizedwithin larger histories of injustices that manifested themselves in numerous ways. Electricvehicles were not just about cleaning the air

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaustubh Nagarkar, General Electric; Krishnaswami Srihari, State University of NY-Binghamton

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

healthcare systems was first introduced to the students in the form ofhomework assignments and term papers within the existing coursework. For example, therole of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare systems was introduced in the AI coursethat was otherwise limited only to manufacturing. Also, doctoral students were asked towrite about specific applications of ISE tools in the healthcare industry as part of theirqualifying examinations. Information and perception about the issues in the healthcareindustry was gathered through these exercises. Students working in collaboration with thelocal group of hospitals presented their research to fellow students and faculty in theregular “Manufacturing Group Meetings” that were organized in the ISE

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Poster Session (Track 1.A)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Oluwatosin Abedoh, Morgan State University; Blessing Isoyiza ADEIKA, Morgan State University; Pelumi Olaitan Abiodun, Morgan State University; Oludare Adegbola Owolabi P.E., Morgan State University; Abiola Olayinka Ajala, Morgan State University; OLUWATOYOSI OYEWANDE, Morgan State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

usefulness for completing academic tasks, with 54.17% of respondentsselecting this option. This aligns with core constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), which emphasizes perceived usefulness as a critical determinant of technology adoption.Other prominent influences included the ease of understanding how AI tools work (50.00%) andobserving others use the tools effectively (45.83%). These findings are consistent with Diffusionof Innovations Theory, particularly the importance of observability and trialability in encouragingadoption. Peer recommendations (37.50%) also played a notable role. This suggests the influenceof social networks on user behavior. However, concerns about ethical or privacy issues wereidentified by 29.17% of