Conference Session

Understanding Inclusivity and Equity in STEM Contexts: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Steffen Peuker, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

to engineering studentcontexts, we changed “Other people around me are engaged in activities that address socialinjustices.” to “Other engineering students around me are engaged in activities that addresssocial injustices.” We made these kinds of modifications to all but one item that was removedfrom the instrument due to wording issues and instructor concerns over clarity.In addition, we modified three items from the attitudes subscale to include negatively worded itemsto screen for inconsistent or invalid responses. Questions were scored on a 7-point Likert-typescale where 1 = Strongly Disagree and 7 = Strongly Agree. The ESJS also contained 8 additionalitems that asked for student demographics and background as well as validation items

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Kay Wilding; Claudia Grossman; Stephen Hundley; Patricia Fox

language competency. The answers are as obvious aschallenging.In April 2000, President Clinton made a strong point in an executive memorandum, calling for afederal government policy to encourage and support international education. He declared: "Tocontinue to compete successfully in the global economy and to maintain our role as a worldleader, the United States needs to ensure that its citizens develop a broad understanding of theworld, proficiency in other languages, and knowledge of other cultures....Today, the defense ofU.S. interests, the effective management of global issues, and even an understanding of ournation’s diversity require ever-greater contact with, and understanding of, people and culturesbeyond our borders." Clinton was the first

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division (EPP) Technical Session 2

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel B Oerther P.E., Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy Division (EPP)

nurses association, 2015. [online] available: https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing- excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/ 3. B.J. Casad, J.E. Franks, C.E. Garasky, M.M. Kittleman, A.C. Roesler, D.Y. Hall, and Z.W. Petzel, “Gender in equality and academia: problems and solutions for women faculty in Stem,” J. Neurosci. Res., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 13-23, 2020. 4. C. Teresa-Morales, M Rodriguez-Perez, M. Araujo-Hernandez, and C. Feria-Ramirez, “current stereotypes associated with nursing and nursing professionals: an integrative review,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 19, no. 13, pp. 7640, 2022. 5. Williamson, Smith, and McGill, “The Impact of the New DEI Landscape on Minoritized

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Student Performance

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daria Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado-Boulder; Lawrence Carlson, University of Colorado-Boulder; Derek Reamon, University of Colorado

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

resources diminish, and university reward structures fail to encouragesuch efforts. Furthermore, the overwhelming number of methods available to faculty can makethe transition from a traditional lecture to active learning a daunting task.At a large public research university, the first of three paired studies has been completed within arequired senior level Manufacturing Processes and Systems course. Two equally sized sectionswere concurrently taught by the same instructor, exposing students to identical technical content,yet utilizing different instructional techniques. One section was taught using a high-levelinteractive instructional approach, and the other section was instructed employing mid-levelinteractive methods. This paper presents a new

Conference Session

Beneficial Case Studies in AEC Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmond Saliklis, California Polytechnic State University; Robert Arens, California Polytechnic State University; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

architecture critique, many of the issues brought up by jurorsand by the student peers appeared to touch on relatively high level concepts in Bloom’sTaxonomy of Learning. The taxonomies are a language that is proposed to describe theprogressive development of an individual’s cognitive understanding of material.Thus, this paper began as an exploration of the thesis that Architecture faculty are comfortablemoving up and down the continuum of Bloom’s Taxonomy, whereas Civil Engineering facultytraditionally move up from the lowest levels of the taxonomy and they are challenged to reachthe higher levels with their students.The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that might support this thesis, and torecommend how Civil Engineering faculty

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Entrepreneurship

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Crystal Bailey, American Physical Society

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Crystal Bailey American Physical Society College Park, MD 20740MotivationDuring the past 30 years, there have been ongoing concerns about the ability of the United Statesto compete in the global economy. The number and preparedness of STEM graduates is notmeeting the current or anticipated demands of industry, technology and the broader workforce[1]. Twenty percent of jobs require a “high level” of knowledge in STEM and many morerequire some proficiency in STEM fields [2]. In response, national efforts were launched toincrease the number and diversity of students pursuing degrees and careers in STEM fields.Despite these efforts, poor retention of students in STEM majors such

Conference Session

Knowing Ourselves: Research on Engineering Education Researchers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, University of Miami; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Russell Pimmel, National Science Foundation

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

e) Transition programs from high school to college or 2 year to 4-year college Page 22.209.7 f) Faculty beliefs concerning educational goalsThese items were mentioned in less than 10% of proposals for all years. “Faculty incentives” wasnot mentioned once in any coded proposal but was mentioned numerous times in the literature2, 6,7, 8, 10, 12, 13 .We also analyzed each of the three areas necessary for transformation. Table 2 shows theaverage number and percentages of core, social, and external-based items that were coded inproposals for each of the areas. Our rubric contained more items that fell into the “Core” areasince the

Conference Session

Managing and Funding Design Projects

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Barry Davidson; Anthony Ingraffea; Alan Zehnder

traditional classrooms. The thirdprimary challenge involves both introducing the technology and meeting student expectations.The issue here is that student expectations and their associated excitement are quite high,indicating that a system with many features will be of great benefit. However, today’s studentscommonly teach themselves to use software packages and their patience with training sessions islimited. This may lead to the introduction of a complex system with limited training, whichresults in early usage failures and dissatisfaction with the technology. Important lessons learnedbased on our experiences with this include (1) new technology should be introduced in stages ofincreasing complexity, e.g., by starting with simple yet robust tools

Conference Session

Integrating Engineering Economy into Curricula

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University; Joseph Wilck IV, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

formats required for the course. The handbookrequires all student design reports to include economic feasibility analysis using simple paybackperiod, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). Payback period is included asmost industry sponsors use payback period in decision making processes. Gibson17 reports thatvarious industries use economic measures including benefit/cost (B/C), return on investment(ROI), IRR, and simple payback period.Faculty conducted assessments have consistently indicated issues in the quality of student Page 24.771.3developed economic analysis. Part of the quality issues stem from assigned faculty

Conference Session

Pre-College Initiatives in Engineering Education

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Lang Wah Lee; Tamer Ceylan

school mathematics and scienceteachers, in particular those working in the rural area. The University is located in southwesternWisconsin where most pupils in the area are living in farming communities of population less than2,500. As stated in the monograph "Science Education in Rural America,"7 policy initiatives areneeded in rural areas because many students there do not have opportunities to participate inactivities that lead to science learning.Our team included faculty from mechanical engineering and education departments, and a masterteacher from a local middle school. The responsibility of the engineering faculty was to teach thecontent material while that of the education faculty was to take care of the pedagogy issue. Themaster teacher

Conference Session

Enviromental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Araceli Martinez Ortiz, Texas State University, San Marcos; Bahram Asiabanpour, Texas State University; Semih Aslan, Texas State University, San Marcos; Jesus Alejandro Jimenez, Texas State University; Yoo-Jae Kim, Texas State University; Hassan Salamy, Texas State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

the new System Modeling AndRenewable Technology (SMART) lab hosted in the Ingram School of Engineering in 2013. TheSMART lab is equipped through a grant from the State Energy Conservation Office of Texas andby school matching funds. This lab is equipped with the latest 9KW off-grid solar panel systemand 6 wind turbine off-grid systems totaling 5.4KW. The lab has a high-speed power datacollection system and analysis server, as well as a real time weather system. The SMART lab isequipped with the tools and equipment necessary to provide hands-on-training and projectenvironments for students and faculty in the area of green energy.One main mission of the green energy group at Texas State University is to address the STEMeducation “leaking

Conference Session

ChE: Assessment

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Terry, Brigham Young University; W. Vincent Wilding, Brigham Young University; Randy Lewis, Brigham Young University; Danny Olsen, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

-endevaluation tool relies on the assessment expertise of faculty, but reestablishes the focus onindividual competencies.Through this tool we have discovered weaknesses in a variety of competencies including aninability to perform flash calculations in the thermodynamics course and an inability to performtransient mass and energy balances in several courses. With this information and a feedbackloop to the curriculum, modifications in course activities have been made and improvementshave been realized and documented.This feedback and documentation is strengthened with a form that accompanies the end-of-course evaluation, shown in Table 2. The form includes questions concerning how thoroughlythe competencies were addressed in the course and solicits

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Tuba Pinar Yildirim, University of Pittsburgh; Nora Sieworiek, University of Pittsburgh

should invest $2 million incountermeasures that might lead to a reduction in such accidents.Dam Construction addresses on multi-criteria decision making, economic analysis, and presentsan international perspective; ethical issues involve the impact of dams on society and risk. TheMEA concerns the proposed construction of dam in the South Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Havingapproved the initial plans, the Turkish Government, for economic reasons, now must reduce thedam’s budget. Students must evaluate various alternatives.Ethanol Production presents issues of facility location, optimization, economic analysis, andthe ethical issue of growing corn for fuel or food. Students create a procedure for determiningwhether a “green,” socially-conscious

Conference Session

Assessment & Quality Assuranc in Engr Ed

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Jiangqiao Lan; Donghai Xie

Arizona [On-line] Available:7. Instructional Assessment System. [On-line] Available:8. Haskell, R.E. Academic Freedom, Tenure, and Student Evaluation of Faculty: Galloping Polls in the 21 stCentury. District of Columbia, (ERIC No.EDO-TM-98-08)9. Johnson, V.E. An A Is an A Is an A. New York Times [on the web], 2002-4-1210. Zhang Zhenbi. The Guarantee of Talents` Fostering Quality after Expansion in Enrollment of Colleges inHubei Province. China Education Newspaper. 2001-3-3111. Liu Ji`an. China` Higher Education Should Focus on the Topic of Quality. China Education Newspaper.2002-4-2912. Zhang Zhenbi. Teaching Reform in Wuhan University Bears Peculiarity. China Education Newspaper.2002-1-813. Jiang Naiqiang. The Teaching Assessment System

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Shuman; Graciela Perez; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre; Harvey Wolfe

, with its EC 2000, has directed undergraduate engineering facultyto implement a continuous improvement process. Following the setting of objectives, an earlystep in this process has often focused on data collection, typically using surveys to collectoutcome information. As a consequence, faculty now find themselves with the task ofinterpreting a large amount of data while trying not to be overwhelmed with information that, inits present form, may have limited assessment value.While the concept of continuous improvement may be new to the engineering academic culture[1], the art (and science) of data analysis is not. We possess a number of techniques fororganizing data and developing metrics to assess performance, identify areas of weakness

Conference Session

Service Learning Projects

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

James Limbrunner; Charline Han; Chris Swan

the potentialof each student beyond, as well as within, the classroom; to encourage public service by students,faculty and staff, and to integrate service activities and experiential learning with teaching andresearch…” In order to implement this broad mission, the engineering curriculum must addressboth "hard" and "soft" aspects of environmental problems. In engineering education, technical aspects needed to be an effective environmentalengineer come from a variety of disciplines including engineering (civil, mechanical, chemical,etc.), natural sciences (geology, chemistry, physics, biology, etc.) and other specializeddisciplines (microbiology, geochemistry, toxicology, etc.). However, effectively developingsolutions to environmental

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madhukar Vable, Michigan Technological University; William Kennedy, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

AC 2007-929: MOM IN ACTIONMadhukar Vable, Michigan Technological University Associate Professor, has research interest in computational mechanics. He is a Fellow of Wessex Institute of Great Britain. He was named MTU Distinguished Teacher in 1998 and Distinguished Faculty Member from the Michigan State in 1999. He is author of ‘Mechanics of Materials’ and ‘Intermediate Mechanics of Materials’ textbooks published by Oxford University Press. He is developing a stress analyzer called BEAMUP, details of which can be found at his webpage.William Kennedy, Michigan Technological University Director, Michigan Technological University Center for Teaching, Learning, and Faculty Development, has research

Conference Session

Engagement in Practice: Creating a Robust Infrastructure for Community Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Lyn Benning, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Andrea E Surovek, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Christopher R. Shearer, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

; suggestions to meet these obligations included initiatives such as cooperation withcommunity-based organizations that include learning opportunities for students. Martin et al. [3]point out that often societal concerns are too large to be solved by single entities, anduniversity/community partnerships increase the likely impact of any endeavors. Communityengagement may have impact beyond the local community level through state, regional, andinternational scales, but the grounding of all engagement and the core to creating any sustainableimpact is creating a foundation at the local community level [4].Numerous models for campus engagement in the community exist ranging from K-12 outreachin classrooms, student volunteerism, service provisions, faculty

Conference Session

Track 4: Technical Session 5: Impact of Generative AI Technologies on Blind and Visually Impaired Students: A Case Study

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Lance Leon Allen White, Texas A&M University; Sara Amani, Texas A&M University; Trini Sofia Balart, Texas A&M University; Amanda Kate Lacy; Gene Sung-Ho Kim, Stanford University; Gibin Raju, Texas A&M University; Karan Watson P.E., Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

received her undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering from Texas A&M University at Qatar. Her research is dedicated to exploring and addressing the issue of test anxiety in engineering education, a critical concern that impacts academic performance and student well-being. In addition, she is passionate about mental health and inclusion in engineering education.Trini Sofia Balart, Texas A&M University Trini Balart is a PhD student at Texas A&M University. She completed her Bachelors of Science in Computer Science engineering from Pontifical Catholic University of Chile . She is currently pursuing her PhD in Multidisciplinary Engineering with a focus in engineering education and the impact of AI on

Conference Session

Communication Skills in Aerospace Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

James Helbling; Patric McElwain; Angela Beck; Ron Madler; David Lanning

courses. Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright© 2005, American Society for Engineering EducationAll AE students must take (and pass) a Technical Writing course and a Speech course asprerequisites for entry into engineering courses with significant report writing content. However,the AE faculty were concerned that students still required supplementary HU/COM instruction tohone these professional communication skills, in part due to the results from annual internalreviews in preparation for a program review by the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET). Alumni survey results also indicated that graduating engineering seniorswere

Collection

2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Tammy M. Lutz-Rechtin; Edgar C. Clausen

available on-site during the audit. Many science academics regard involvementof hands-on, laboratory-based activities as essential elements of an undergraduate degree inscience (Hill and Nelson 2005; National Research Council 2014). Lab audits have the potentialto become part of this process as a mechanism to increase general awareness as well asexpectationsPreparing students for the audit before-hand not only allowed them to become confident but alsoallowed them to self-direct the lab audits without direct oversight allowing psychologicalempowerment concerning safety-related issues. Safety professionals were present in the buildings andwere available for questions to facilitate learning, but not directing the audits. The feedback surveyindicated

Conference Session

Teams, Teaching, Leadership, and Technical Communications in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University; Cynthia C. Fry, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Paper ID #19162Teams and Team Building at Baylor University: Why Should We Do This andWhere Should It Occur in the Curriculum?Dr. Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University Ken Van Treuren is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering at Baylor University. He received his B. S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the USAF Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado and his M. S. in Engineering from Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. After serving as USAF pilot in KC-135 and KC-10 aircraft, he completed his DPhil in Engineering Sciences at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom and returned to the USAF Academy

Conference Session

Meeting ABET Requirements

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Freeman, Tufts University; Douglas Matson, Tufts University; Grant Sharpe, Tufts University; Chris Swan, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Jonny for the lessons. It was particularly satisfying to conference with village leaders and come to consensus onhow to proceed based on communication that was funneled through the translators andaugmented by hand-gestures and pantomime. Talking with ordinary people who had nosignificant education in basic health issues, at least from a Western perspective, and learninghow changes in lifestyle could influence their lives was of prime concern. We were not there totell them what to do but rather to pass on skills that they could adapt to their needs. We wereparticularly aided by the support given by village elders, augmented strongly by directives fromthe county health officials. We were warmly welcomed for both our knowledge, as

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Taylor; Robert Green

testing on models. All studentsinteracted with faculty, technicians, and particularly graduate students in the laboratories.With the switch to a research-focused rather than a classroom-focused program, we optedto limit the first summer of the new program to students from the state math and scienceschool which is located in a nearby city. These students are all top-performers and manyhad some relationships with the college already established. Competition was stillcompetitive and we found that even students who had relationships with faculty wereoften interested in exploring research in a different area which we were generally able toaccommodate.Conducting a program focused on research in the summer presented several challenges.The primary

Conference Session

Sustainability

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L. Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sarah Aileen Brownell, Rochester Institute of Technology; Alexander T. Dale, Engineers for a Sustainable World

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

otherteam’s project response, which focused on local issues, was very well received, but reviewersraised concerns about gentrification or duplication of efforts, and whether the overall impacts ofthe proposed response would be significant in reducing air pollution.Rochester Institute of TechnologyAs the students learned more about the problem of air quality from the expert mentorpresentations, background research, and their root cause analysis and began to understand the Page 24.1257.13local implications of their projects, the students decided to focus on reducing emissions at thelevel of the university. The university’s sustainability advisor

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Teresa L. Larkin, American University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics and Physics

covered in our classes? How do we effectively and efficientlymanage the issue of assessment of student writing activities? Given the wide diversity of studentclientele within many of our classrooms, how can writing-based activities also serve tostrengthen the inclusion of all learners? When Covid-19 hit in Spring 2020 the magnitude ofthese questions took on a new and deeper meaning. As many institutions implemented sometype of hybrid or all online instructional scenario in order to keep their clientele safe, new typesof teaching tools and strategies became front and center in many of our minds. At this point wecould rightly ask all of these questions again, but this time with online learning in mind. How dothe answers change in an online learning

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Maloy Parker, Cankdeska Cikana Community College; Lori Nelson, Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College; Robert V. Pieri, North Dakota State University; Austin James Allard, Turtle Mountain Community College; Ann Vallie; Josh Mattes, Sitting Bull College; Teri Ann Allery; Karl Haefner, Cankdeska Cikana Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Prescott College. Currently she serves as the Land Grant Director and also as PI of the Pre-Engineering Education Col- laboration (PEEC) Grant at Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College in New Town, ND. In addition, she teaches Mathematics and Equine Studies courses. Her and her husband, Chris, live and raise Angus beef cattle, near Towner, ND. In her spare time, she enjoys riding horses and providing community outreach through relational horsemanship through the Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College Horse Nation program. Currently she serves on the board of directors for an engineering firm that specializes in transportation engineering and materials testing.Dr. Robert V. Pieri, North Dakota State University Dr. Robert Pieri is

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Andrew Scanlon; Andrea Schokker

. Additional class moduleswill be introduced each semester with expected full integration by the beginning of springsemester 2002.VII. Bibliography1. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-99 and ACI 318-99R), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, June 1999.2. Marra, R.M, Palmer, B., and Litzinger, T.A., “The Effects of a First-Year Engineering Design Course on Student Intellectual Development as Measured by the Perry Scheme,” Journal of Engineering Education, January 2000, pp. 39-45.ANDREA J. SCHOKKERAndrea J. Schokker is an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University and holds theHenderson Chair for new faculty. She

Conference Session

Progress in Manufacturing Education I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack P. Eng...., Grand Valley State University; Val Hawks, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

averaging 2.4 papers per year over the last decade and a half.Figure 5 – Simulation Papers by Year Figure 6 – Lean Manufacturing Papers by YearAwareness of manufacturing, Figure 8, has to do with the image of manufacturing as a professionaldiscipline and an attractive option for students to pursue as a career. Thus papers in this realm addresswhat are normally called pipeline issues (getting students in to the majors) as well as why they shouldconsider manufacturing as a career. This has always been a point of interest and concern but the datashow much more attention was paid to it in the last decade as opposed to the previous decade. The needof manufacturing students to be competent in communication, inter-personal skills, teamwork

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristin A Searle, Utah State University; Bolaji Ruth Bamidele, Utah State University; Michaela Harper, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

that some ofthese hesitations are part of teachers getting used to project based learning, but teacherswere also able to select the projects they implemented and many made adaptations fortheir teaching contexts. Similarly, because teachers were mostly very new to coding, many struggled withdebugging student projects when something did not go as expected. As Noah, an eighthgrade history teacher noted, “I guess with the App Inventor, one of the issues I ran into…I kept getting this error message. I wasn't exactly sure what it was talking about. And itwas only like one or two kids were getting it.” For Noah, this meant that a few of hisstudents did not experience success with the App Inventor project and he felt ill equippedto help them