Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session: Pedagogy and Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Hatfield, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Haley Nelson; Brian Holst; Michael Radotich; Tad Nelson, University of Alaska Fairbanks

-centric interdisciplinary courses, UAFis positioning itself to attract new instructors and researchers to its fledgling aerospace engineering program.UAF currently has an Aerospace Engineering Minor and has just recently added graduate certificates inAerospace Engineering and Systems Engineering/Program Management. In addition, UAF is developing a UASOperations Certificate and Occupational Endorsement Program (OEP). By providing opportunities forinstructors to teach in these new areas, UAF is strengthening its faculty bench in the aerospace field so thatother opportunities may be provided for our student population. It is expected that the increased educationaland research opportunities and their popularity will result in the realization of an

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Best Paper

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Illysa Izenberg, The Johns Hopkins University; Steven Marra, The Johns Hopkins University; Trevor Mackesey, Johns Hopkins University; Leslie Kendrick; Jenny Bernstein, The Johns Hopkins University

. 3006-3009). IEEE.Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American psychologist, 63(6), 503.Monk, J., Nogales, J., & Palsson, B. O. (2014). Optimizing genome-scale network reconstructions. Nature biotechnology, 32(5), 447-452.Mostafavi, A., Huff, J. L., Abraham, D. M., Oakes, W. C., & Zoltowski, C. B. (2016). Integrating service, learning and professional practice: Toward the vision for civil engineering in 2025. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, 142(3), B4013001.National Academy of Engineering, U. S. (2004) The engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Nugent

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Chelsea Cefalu, Lafayette College ; Arthur D. Kney, Lafayette College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

students to plan aheadwhen learning new material.Data AnalysisCollege StudentsResponses to open-ended questions are analyzed to determine the extent to which collegestudents display active citizenship following participation in the Connected Classrooms programaccording to the following indicators: civic knowledge, civic learning, civic reflection, and civicefficacy. Responses are evaluated for any commonalities across the group within engineeringand in future semesters will also be compared across academic concentrations. Also, in futuresemesters, a pre-evaluation measuring college students’ civic knowledge, civic learning, civicreflection, and civic efficacy will be issued prior to participation in the program to determine theextent of growth in

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Rebecca Sidler Kellogg; J. Adin Mann; Ann Dieterich

completing an assignment.The written comments in the student’s final course evaluation appeared to emphasize that thestudents lacked experience writing reports, maintaining lab notebooks, and giving oralpresentations. Therefore, the concerns can be addressed with example reports or a checklist. Thefaculty working in the course decided that for grading, a single rubric with weights waspreferred, and ultimately it would be good for students to learn that there are generalrequirements for technical reports. Therefore for a trial semester, the rubric with a weightingsystem will continue to be used while the checklist and sample reports will also be implemented.The issues we hope to address with the sample reports and checklists will be assessed at

Conference Session

The Best of Computers in Education Division (COED)

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Tembrevilla, Mount Saint Vincent University; Mohosina Jabin Toma, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Marina Milner-Bolotin, University of British Columbia, Vancouver

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

reflective teacher, Second ed. (no. Book, Whole). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2017.[41] J. W. Stigler and J. Hiebert, The Teaching Gap: Best Ideas from World's Teachers for Improving Education in the Classroom. New-York, NY: The Free Press, 1999, p. 210.[42] T. R. Barnett, "The Official ChatGPT Guide for Teachers: A Must-Read Guide to Enhancing Classroom Learning and Addressing Ethical Concerns," 2023.[43] M. R. King and chatGpt, "A Conversation on Artificial Intelligence, Chatbots, and Plagiarism in Higher Education," Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-2, 2023/02/01 2023, doi: 10.1007/s12195-022-00754-8.[44] Y. Ben-David Kolikant, D. Martinovic, and M. Milner-Bolotin, Eds. STEM

Conference Session

LEES Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Neeley, University of Virginia; Sofia Zajec, University of Virginia; Morgan Stup, University of Virginia

. Baltimore, MD: ABET, Inc. 6. Mann, C. R. (1918). A Study of Engineering Education. Bulletin No. 11. Pittsburgh, PA: The Carnegie Foundation 7. Miller, C. (2004). Reuniting Wisdom and Eloquence within the Engineering Curriculum. In Ollis, D., Neeley, K. A. & Luegenbiehl, H. (2004). Liberal Education in Twenty-First Century Engineering: Responses to ABET/EC 2000 Criteria. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 41-50. 8. Mitcham, C. (2014, Fall). The True Grand Challenge for Engineering: Self-Knowledge. Issues in Science and Technology, 19-22. 9. National Academy of Engineering. (2000). Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century. The National Academies Press. Available: http

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cordray, Vanderbilt University; Alene Harris, Vanderbilt; Thomas Harris, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

al.2 in a volume issued by theNational Academy of Sciences entitled How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, andSchool. Prior analyses have shown that a subset of all VaNTH-sponsored modules andcourse enhancements are effective. Using meta-analytic methods to quantitativelycombine the results from multiple studies, we have shown that HPL-inspired innovationsare effective for student learning (see Cordray, Pion, A.Harris, & Norris3). An updatedmeta-analysis, including 19 studies that yielded 28 effect size estimates, revealed anaverage effect size of 0.644 standard deviation unit. The most common ES is expressedas ES = (MT - MC)/ SDpooled. or the mean (M) difference between treatment (MT) andcontrol (MC) conditions, divided by the

Collection

2008 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

John Hartke; Robert Kewley; Greg Kilby; Greg Schwarz; Gunnar Tamm

cadets and faculty involoved inthis work were forced to become conversant in fields outside their own. They were all required to learnthe basics of lasers operation and beam propagation, heat management, the systems engineering designprocess, electrical energy generation and storage, and the law of armed conflict as applied to weaponsdevelopment. This exposure supports the education mission and instills confidence in the cadets as totheir ability to select a subject, learn on their own, and apply what they have learned to new andchallenging situations.4. Acknowledgement We would like to thank and acknowledge the financial and educational support of theDirected Energy Professional Society, the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

John Hartke; Robert Kewley; Greg Kilby; Greg Schwarz; Gunnar Tamm

cadets and faculty involoved inthis work were forced to become conversant in fields outside their own. They were all required to learnthe basics of lasers operation and beam propagation, heat management, the systems engineering designprocess, electrical energy generation and storage, and the law of armed conflict as applied to weaponsdevelopment. This exposure supports the education mission and instills confidence in the cadets as totheir ability to select a subject, learn on their own, and apply what they have learned to new andchallenging situations.4. Acknowledgement We would like to thank and acknowledge the financial and educational support of theDirected Energy Professional Society, the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Melissa S. Tooley; Kevin Hall

development. To be fully effective, coordination with the local engineering communityis invaluable. The instructor of the Senior Design course has been active with professionalengineering organizations for a considerable length of time, and the contacts made have beeninvaluable in the implementing the methods described in this paper. The approach to teachingcapstone design courses described here requires that faculty have considerable practicalexperience. If the combination of coordination with practitioners and practical experience isachieved, the outcomes described by Criterion 3 a-k are likely to result. Academia must rise tothe challenge and continue to find new ways to enhance engineering education, resulting notonly in better engineering

Collection

2007 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

Richard Smith

from faculty members with industry experience in informationsecurity with input from former students and from computing professionals in the USTcommunity to produce a curriculum for a Bachelor of Arts in Information Security. Theprincipal constraints were to 1) fulfill IACEP certification requirements and 2) bepractical to implement within the existing computer science programs at UST.If we compare the UST program with Whitman and Mattord’s (2004) categorization ofinformation security programs, the new program is essentially a Scenario 2 technicalprogram. Two courses form the centerpiece of a program that focuses on technicalsecurity topics. In addition to these courses, several important elements of the IACEPrequirements are fulfilled by

Collection

ASEE 2021 Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Mohammad Abu Rafe Biswas, The University of Texas at Tyler; Benjamin Lee Stilwell, The University of Texas at Tyler; Edgar Reyes

Department of Mechanical Engineering, the teaminitiated a pilot study. This study included the development of initial design, analysis, and simulationof the system, which resulted in very favorable outcomes. The following phase of the study involvedmultiple senior design groups in completing the successful design and construction of subsystemprototypes over the past two years. Last Spring semester, a new group of students led by the thermalfluid laboratory faculty worked on the user interface to monitor and collect data from these prototypesto later result in an integrated heat exchanger system for future laboratory activities. The group alsobegan to generate pilot instructional material and exercises based on selected prototype equipment.The

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana A. Chen, University of San Diego; Mark R. Peters, University of San Diego; Gordon D. Hoople, University of San Diego; Joel Alejandro Mejia, University of San Diego; Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Diego Mark Peters received a Bachelors degree in Economics from Georgetown University and then pursued a business career in New York City, working in many of the major business disciplines. Over the past twenty years, Mark has worked and consulted for large corporations, professional organizations, hospitals, churches, and universities. Dr. Peters earned a Masters Degree from the Boston College School of Theology and Ministry and a Ph.D. in Leadership Studies from the University of San Diego. He has taught in a variety of disciplines including: Business Management, Organizational Leadership, Economics, Ethics, and Leadership Stud- ies, at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Dr. Peters has twice served on the

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division: Student Success

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lydia Yang Yang, Kansas State University; Bette Grauer P.E., Kansas State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

and second year core science, math andcomputer science courses. The SAS program was charged with providing effectivetutoring that created a strong foundation for courses that followed in the engineeringcurriculum. The goals of the program were to help engineering students successfullycomplete first and second year engineering coursework. The SAS program employedstudents who earned a 3.0 cumulative GPA and successfully completed tutored courses,receiving a grade of either an A or B in the course they were hired to tutor. The criterionfor selection of SAS tutors was determined with input from students, faculty and staff.We wanted tutors who were highly successful in the course but were concerned that if weonly included the highest achievers

Conference Session

Information Literacy

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Elizabeth Smith; Lawrence Whitman

areinternational. They are typically ill-prepared to write graduate-level research papers havinglimited experience in performing library research. Even U.S. students are required to do verylittle writing and traditional research in their undergraduate programs. This course is taught byan adjunct faculty member and is taught as a workshop to give students plenty of practice writingat the graduate level. The library component is an essential part of the research process. Informal surveys ofthe students indicated that in a class of thirty usually only 4-6 indicated they had written a“research” paper. About the same number had ever been required to do library research. This isconsistent with the research regarding engineer’s information-seeking

Conference Session

K-12 Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Sherwood; Stacy Klein-Gardner

Gender Equitable Curricula in High School Science and Engineering Stacy S. Klein1, 2, 3,4, Robert D. Sherwood, 4 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN / 2University School, Nashville, TN / 3Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN / 4Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TNAbstractAs part of a Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) supplement to the VaNTH EngineeringResearch Center for Bioengineering Educational Technologies (www.vanth.org), aninterdisciplinary group of secondary teachers and college faculty have

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Saeed D. Foroudastan, Middle Tennessee State University; Lillian Marie Hardin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

engineering, mechatronics engineering, and engineering technology. Foroudastan is the faculty advisor, coordinator, and primary fundraiser for EVP teams entering national research project competitions such as the Formula SAE Collegiate Competition, the Baja SAE Race, the NASA Lunar Rover, and the Solar Boat Collegiate Competition.Lillian Marie Hardin ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024Middle Tennessee State University’s Experimental Vehicle Program Outreach Events with an Emphasis on RecruitmentAbstractThe Experimental Vehicles Program (EVP) at MTSU originated in 2004 and competes in threevehicle intercollegiate design competitions annually including the NASA HERC Moon buggy

Conference Session

Pedagogical Advancements in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, Stevens Institute of Technology; Brian Sauser, Stevens Institute of Technology; Brian E. White, Complexity Are Us - Systems Engineering Strategies; Alex Gorod, Visiting Fellow, University of Adelaide; Vernon Ireland, University of Adelaide

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-4002: APPLICATION OF CASE STUDIES TO ENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING EDUCATIONDr. S. Jimmy Gandhi, Stevens Institute of Technology S. Jimmy Gandhi is a faculty member in the School of Systems and Enterprises (SSE) at Stevens In- stitute of Technology and also at Baruch College, which is a part of the City University of New York (CUNY) system. His research interests are in the field of risk management, engineering education, and globalization. He got a Ph.D. in engineering management from Stevens Institute of Technology, a mas- ter’s in engineering management from California State University, Northridge, and a bachelor’s degree in engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology. He is

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leszek Gawarecki, Kettering University; Yaomin Dong, Kettering University; Gina Rablau, Kettering

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Faculty, and Campus Environment. In our work we targeted the theme of AcademicChallenge, which includes four engagement indicators: Higher-Order Learning, Reflective andIntegrative Learning, Learning Strategies, and Quantitative Reasoning. We attempted to improvein our students taking calculus courses the Higher-Order Learning component: Applying facts,theories, or methods to practical problems or new situations, the Reflective and IntegratingLearning component: Combining ideas from different courses when completing assignments,and the Quantitative Reasoning component: Reaching conclusions based on own analysis ofnumerical information.Following the revised Boom’s taxonomy of educational objectives, we targeted levels three –Applying, and four

Conference Session

International Division (INTL): Cultivating Global Competencies

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Tunno; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

Paper ID #46180Cultivating Global Leadership in Engineering: Insights from a Gateway CourseDr. Patrick Tunno, Dr. Patrick Tunno is the Director of Penn State’s Center for Global Engineering Engagement and an Associate Teaching Professor. He has overseen and continues to lead the development and expansion of diverse global initiatives. Under his leadership, the college has established an award-winning Global Engineering Fellows Program, launched Penn State’s first 3+1+1 program for international students to pursue a one-year master’s degree, and initiated new interdisciplinary faculty-led study abroad programs

Conference Session

Data Analytics in Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew A. Verleger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

 providing  a  solution  to  the  specific  problem  being  given.    Does  the  procedure  do  what  it  is  explicitly  required  to  do?    The  re-­‐usability  dimension  focuses  on  the  quality  of  the  solution  in  terms  of  how  easily  it  can  be  used  by  the  client  in  new  but  similar  situations.    A  re-­‐usable  procedure  (1)  identifies  who  the  direct  user  is  and  what  the  direct  user  needs  in  terms  of  the  product,  criteria  for  success,  and  constraints,  (2)  provides  an  overarching  description  of  the  procedure,  and  (3)  clarifies  assumptions  and  limitations  concerning  the  use  of  the  procedure.    The  underlying  idea  is  that  engineers  rarely  develop  a  procedure  specifically

Collection

2020 ASEE North Midwest Section Annual Conference

Authors

Katherine Gisi, Iowa State University; Diane T. Rover, Iowa State University; Phillip H Jones III, Iowa State University of Science and Technology

. (Drushel &Gallagher, 2008). Robotics classes have been flipped with positive results. At Rose-Hulman theirflipped class was evaluated similarly favorable to their traditional class (Berry C. A., 2017).However, they still had the hands-on robot component. Many of the communication challengesdocumented in online robotics courses are common within many virtual classrooms. Conversely,the issues specific to robotics in many virtual classrooms could stem from trying to force a face-to-face curriculum to an online platform. Perhaps a whole new approach is needed, starting witha focus on developing the simulation component.2.3 WebotsWebots is a robotics simulation software with an intuitive and straightforward interface. Theapplication, made open

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David G. Novick, University of Texas, El Paso; Meagan R. Kendall, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

students sought to pursue a career with asignificant entrepreneurial component. In our study, this issue was complicated by thefact that most of the course content—the non-DYL content on design thinking and LeanLaunchpad—was inherently entrepreneurial, so we were concerned that it would bedifficult to separate DYL’s impact on entrepreneurial intent from the impact of the othercourse content. With that caveat in mind, 32% (8 of 25) of the students reported that thecourse’s DYL material did affect whether students sought to pursue a career with asignificant entrepreneurial component.Interestingly, this effect was not necessarily to increase entrepreneurial interest. In somecases, the student already had a strong entrepreneurial intent. For example

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Sinnreich-Levi, Stevens Institute of Technology; Susan Metz, Stevens Institute of Technology; David Silverstein, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

of Technology David Silverstein earned his MFA in Creative Writing from the Pennsylvania State University, and has undergraduate degrees in English and psychology from Cornell University. He served as a full-time lecturer at PSU, teaching several writing courses. He has helped to coordinate writing tutorial programs at PSU both and Stevens Institute of Technology, where he now directs the Writing and Communication Center. Additionally, he has worked as a technical writer in both the high-tech and financial fields and has been awarded an Academy of American Poets prize. His work has appeared in several journals, including The Amherst Review, The New School’s LIT Magazine

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Nora Christianson; Henry Russell

strategies targeted at HBCU/MIs. TheMOPM works closely with the ARL director, keeping him informed of issues and concerns thataffect relationships with HBCU/MIs.ARL collaborates with many HBCU/MIs, some of which do not confer Doctoral degrees in theARL S&E disciplines. ARL currently has educational partnerships with Alcorn State, Lincoln,City College of New York, Southern University, Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute,University of California at Los Angeles, and the University of the Virgin Islands. In addition,ARL has contractual relationships totaling over $10 million with Howard University, Clark-Atlanta University, Morgan State University, North Carolina A&T University, and theUniversity of New Mexico.Through educational

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsey Nelson, Purdue University; Alice Pawley, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

women’s underrepresentation in the context of Purdue, and creating new models via institutional ethnography. Her past research has focused on using the metaphor of a boundary as a tool to better understand how faculty determine what counts as engineering, and to identify how engineering might be understood as a gendered discipline. Address: School of Engineering Education, 701 W. Stadium Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, 1-765-496-1209 (v), apawley@purdue.edu. Page 15.1343.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Using the Emergent Methodology of Domain Analysis

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Underclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Valerie Young, Ohio University-Athens

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Page 15.1118.17Appendix B: Selected Questions from the Freshman Engineering Learning Community CourseEvaluation Student Evaluation In order to provide the best learning community opportunities for future students, receivingfeedback from you concerning your specific learning community experience is valuable. When complete, return to the designated collector in your class. Thank you in advance for your assistance.What aspects of the LC course were most valuable to you? (mark all that apply) □ Meeting new people and making friends. □ Out of class activities. □ In class discussions. □ Small class size. □ Journals and self reflection

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego; Curt Schurgers, University of California, San Diego; Carolyn Sandoval, University of California, San Diego; Leah Klement; Marko Lubarda, University of California, San Diego; Minju Kim, University of California, San Diego; Alex Phan, University of California, San Diego; He Liu; Mia Minnes, University of California, San Diego; Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Maziar Ghazinejad, University of California, San Diego; Josephine Relaford-Doyle, University of California, San Diego; Celeste Pilegard, University of California, San Diego; Xuan Gedney, University of California, San Diego

’ reasoning and understanding, thus holding promise forimproving both assessment of conceptual mastery and for providing incentives for students toadapt their learning attitudes and strategies accordingly. However, the same work has also shownthat potential concerns of reliability, validity, and scalability have yet to be fully addressed, andare currently impediments to more widespread adoption of oral exams. As with any assessmentformat, careful design is needed to maximize the benefits of oral exams to student learning andminimize the potential concerns. Compared to traditional written exams, oral exams require asignificantly different assessment design approach that considers a unique set of variablesdepending on the context of the course. For

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogies for Facilitating Student-driven Learning Experiences

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Brian Dittenber, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

infrastructure. Dr. Dittenber chose to return to his alma mater to teach, largely because of LeTourneau’s reputation of being a hands-on, undergraduate-centric, teaching-focused engineering program. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Problem Based Learning in an Intro to Civil Engineering Course: Effects on Student Engagement and RetentionAbstractIn the spring semester of 2014, a new course was introduced specifically targeting freshman civilengineering students. The course was to be a problem-based, discipline-specific alternative to thegeneral engineering course traditionally offered to all freshman engineering students. The courseincluded a variety of components involving

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Washington Braga

Session 1566 TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR UNDERGRADUATE HEAT TRANSFER COURSES Washington Braga ME Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro- PUC-Rio, BrazilAbstract: Enhancing engineering education has been related to the improvement of studentsinteraction. However, time constraints and an always increasing syllabus are on oppositesides, making things difficult for faculty members willing to implement constructivismconcepts. These concepts may require more time and less material to allow building upknowledge during a term. The solution may