Conference Session

2-Year College Division: Collaboration Between Institutions

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jared Ashcroft, Pasadena City College; Jillian L Blatti, Pasadena City College; Marcial Gonzalez, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University; Melanie T. Hacopian, California State University, Long Beach; Danyal Nicole Pereyda Cave; Isabel Bojanini; Esteban Bautista, California State University, Northridge; Veronica I. Jaramillo, Pasadena City College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

Jared Ashcroft, Veronica Jaramillo, Jillian L. Blatti, Marcial Gonzalez, Pablo D. Zavattieri, Janelle Wharry, Danyal N. P. Cave, Esteban Bautista, Isabel Bojanini, Melanie T. HacopianAbstractThis paper presents a successful model of preparing community college students for summerUndergraduate Research Experiences (UREs) that may be of interest to other community collegefaculty. Over the past four years, the Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN)summer URE program at Purdue large research University has created URE opportunities forcommunity college students. This paper describes a 4-year partnership between faculty atPasadena City College (PCC), which consists of 55% of students from underrepresentedpopulations, and research groups in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joni M. Lakin, University of Alabama; Daniela Marghitu, Auburn University; Edward W. Davis, Auburn University; Virginia A. Davis, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #33459Framing Engineering as Community Activism for Values-Driven Engineer-ing(RFE Design and Development - Year 2)Dr. Joni M. Lakin, University of Alabama Joni M. Lakin (Ph.D. , The University of Iowa) is Associate Professor of Educational Research at the University of Alabama. Her research interests include educational assessment, educational evaluation methods, and increasing diversity in STEM fields.Dr. Daniela Marghitu, Auburn University Dr. Daniela Marghitu is a faculty member in the Computer Science and Software Engineering Department at Auburn University, where she has worked since 1996. She has published

Conference Session

Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; George D Ricco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Lagomorph phys- iology. He resides in Lafayette, Indiana, and in-between job interviews spends time with his Leporidae life partner, Rochelle Huffington Nibblesworth. Page 24.180.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Analysis of Design Process Knowledge Task Responses: Statistical Approaches to Uncover PatternsIntroductionWhile engineering design has been included as a key criterion in assessing undergraduateengineering programs for decades [1], it has more recently been recognized as a national sciencestandard for K-12 curricula with the release of the Next

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thorsten Wagener, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Enhancement of Engineering Education at Pennsylvania State University. Her expertise and research interests relate to the use of think-aloud methodologies to elicit cognitive processes and strategies in assessment and related tasks. In her position, Dr. Zappe is responsible for supporting curricular assessment and developing instructional support programs for faculty and teaching assistants in the College of Engineering. She can be contacted at ser163@psu.edu. Page 13.805.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Introducing Real-World Hydrology Case Studies into an Undergraduate

Conference Session

Manufacturing Processes Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Dillon, United States Military Academy; Harold Henderson, United States Miliary Academy; Jeffrey Butler, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. The results of this assessment should be useful toany program that incorporates metal part fabrication techniques into an engineering course. Page 15.954.2 “Just as one cannot learn to drive without getting behind the wheel; or to swim without getting wet; entry into the profession of engineering, particularly in the area of design, requires far more than sitting in a lecture hall.”1IntroductionManufacturing processes are an important part of the curriculum for mechanical engineeringmajors. Industrial employers have long called for newly-graduated engineers to have bothknowledge and proficiency in manufacturing, and they

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy S. Lewis, Brigham Young University; Terri Christiansen Bateman, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

engagement efforts, identify communityengagement challenges, maintain information of past societal and technical design constraints,access concepts and prototypes previously assessed, and review videos documenting communityand project information. Documentation also serves as a method to convey information to courseinstructors for evaluation, to help students see the big picture in their design, and recognize whatparts may need more development or testing for robustness.This paper addresses the recently implemented (2015-16) documentation strategy used in theGEO course in which the documentation is updated and submitted three times each semester andone time following the implementation trip, leading to a large database for all implementedprojects

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Jenna Terry; Paul Ruchhoeft

English Department. Its supportnow comes directly from the Provost’s Office. Through small group meetings andtutorials, Writing Consultants (trained undergraduates) provide sustained, individualizedwriting instruction to any student at the University. The Writing Center began trainingWriting Consultants as front-line instructors when revamping an ailing EnglishDepartment’s Developmental Writing Program in January 2001. After Writing Centerintervention, the pass rate soared from 65% to 90%, and has since maintained that level.The increased pass rate was validated – and the Writing Consultant model was proveneffective – by a year-long independent study demonstrating that in subsequent writingcourses, Developmental Writing students deemed

Conference Session

The Year of Dialogue: What We Have Learned So Far

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. P. Mohsen, University of Louisville; Ronald Barr, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Campus Representatives

√ √ √ √ 4 C Teaching, etc.23. Summer Engineering and Science Camps for Students √ 1 B24. Establish Engineering Assessment Measures for √ √ √ √ 4 C Teaching25. What was the Influence of Recent NSF Coalitions on √ 1 D Engineering Education Page 13.1286.5 26. Track the Development and Success of New Engineering √ √ 2 E Education Programs 27. Engage Research Faculty in Undergraduate Teaching

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric J. Schares, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

analysissoftware package to analyze statistics and create visualizations. This software was chosen due tothe author’s prior work with the program and the need for more advanced analysis possibilitiesthan Excel could easily provide. Instructions to automatically re-create analysis and plots can becoded in JMP and saved for application to future data sets.4.1 Preparing the DataTwice per year, the ILL unit distributes a large Excel file of requests for print books from thepreceding six months. Individual reports from years 2013-2017 were combined into oneconsolidated file for this analysis by merging on column titles. Instances where the same entitywas being referred to in two slightly different ways were manually consolidated and combinedinto one

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Paper ID #25137Don’t Let the Computer Take Your Job – a Framework for Rethinking Cur-riculumDr. Alan Cheville, Bucknell University Alan Cheville studied optoelectronics and ultrafast optics at Rice University, followed by 14 years as a faculty member at Oklahoma State University working on terahertz frequencies and engineering educa- tion. While at Oklahoma State, he developed courses in photonics and engineering design. After serving for two and a half years as a program director in engineering education at the National Science Founda- tion, he took a chair position in electrical engineering at Bucknell University. He

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: Classroom and Online Innovations

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kip D. Coonley, Duke University; Justin Miles, Duke University; Kim Manturuk, Duke University; Martin A. Brooke, Duke University; Christopher Woodard, Duke University; Chris Lorch, Center for Instructional Technology; Genevieve M Lipp, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

and Assessment at Duke’s Center for Instructional Technology. She also teaches Sociology of Crime through the Continuing Studies program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Dr. Martin A. Brooke, Duke University Martin A. Brooke received the B.E. (Elect.) Degree (1st. Class Hons.) from Auckland University in New Zealand in 1981. He received the M.S. and Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering from The University of Southern California in 1984, and 1988, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Duke University. Professor Brooke was an Analog Devices Career development award recipient from 1988-1993, won a National Science Foundation Research Initiation Award in 1990, the

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Taufik Taufik, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Alejandra Zapata, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Krishan Kaushal Ram, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

technologies start to emerge, allowing for real-time dataexchange between utilities and consumers. These new and innovative grid technologies includemicrogrids, energy storage systems, and demand response programs which have been developedto enhance grid resilience and flexibility. In addition, the integration of renewable energy sourceslike wind, solar, and hydropower into the grid has expanded significantly. The development ofalternative energies to generate electricity has allowed society to not only rely on conventionalelectrical grids to have constant electricity but also have a backup system to generate electricity.For this reason, distributed energy resources such as rooftop solar panels and small wind turbineshave become common.Microgrids

Conference Session

Design and Making

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Summers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renee D. Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Renee Rogge is the Samuel F. Hulbert Chair of Biomedical Engineering and Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. She has been teaching at Rose-Hulman since 2004, and her research interests lie in the areas of assessment of engineering design and orthopaedic biomechanics. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Design Meets Disability Studies: Bridging the Divide between Theory and PracticeBackgroundDisability design teams, usually made up of clinicians and engineers, focus on solvingproblems1. As engineering educators, we know that our students can be excellent at identifyingproblems. We train them—often

Collection

2010 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

David W. Dinehart; Timothy Harrington; Matthew Bandelt; Adam Beckmann

clubs (inner city - coed, private male, private female). The assessment toolswill be developed with these populations in mind. Furthermore, an assessment mechanism mustbe developed to capture the learning outcomes of the Villanova students. Surveys are currentlybeing developed.ConclusionEngineering service learning projects can take on many forms. The work of NovaCANEpresented herein demonstrates that a small group of engineering students dedicated to service canhave a dramatic impact on the lives of middle school students. The curriculum presented canserve as a model for other engineering students and faculty interested in middle schoolengineering education. NovaCANE continues to use this model for the 7th grade club at St.Martin of Tours. A

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Srujal Patel, Georgia Institute of Technology; Maria-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

Paper ID #19252Training to Understand, Diagnose, Adapt, and Repair Electromechanical Sys-temsMr. Srujal Patel, Georgia Institute of Technology Mr. Srujal Patel serves as the research faculty at Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering (AE) at Georgia Institute of Technology. Mr. Patel earned his dual M.S. degrees in Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mathematics at Georgia Tech with specialization in Applied Numerical Analysis and Computa- tional Fluid Dynamics/Aerodynamics. After joining as the research faculty, Mr. Patel worked as project manager for the Manufacturing Experimentation and Outreach (MENTOR) program - an

Conference Session

Committee on Instructional Technology Presents: Gamers

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin D. Goffin, University of Virginia; Lindsay Ivey Burden

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

ofporosity, moisture content and saturation degree), the assessment of dam and leveeembankments, the monitoring of landfills, and agricultural and post-industrial areas [2].However, commercial ER equipment has complex inner workings and can act as a “black box”,especially to students who lack the understanding of how ER measurements are obtained [3].Attempts were previously made to construct a simple ER meter for “a mere fraction of the priceof commercial units” [4]. Later studies opted for programmable Integrated Circuits (IC) overcommercially available units, but the fabrication of their devices remained out of reach of thosewith little background in electronics [5,6]. The last decade has seen IC- programming becomemore common and user-friendly

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering (ME) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan C Morales, Universidad del Turabo; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Outcomes Assessment Program. His current research explores innovations in the classroom and their diffusion.Dr. Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University Page 23.1114.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Summer Faculty Immersion as a Strategy to DiffuseEngineering Education Innovations: First Year Results Juan C. Morales, Universidad del Turabo Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University Page 23.1114.2Abstract This paper presents the first-year results of a five-year, externally-funded facultydevelopment program

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 6

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gabriel Eduardo Prieto, Florida International University; Neila Bennamane, Florida International University; Agoritsa Polyzou, Florida International University; Peter J Clarke, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

(SEP-CyLE) is a tool designed to provide students and instructors structured access to vetted learning content through learning objects and tutorials. It also employs three active learning approaches – a lightweight version of collaborative learning (team-based activities), gamifica- tion, and social interaction; and can be used in any class independent of the modality. Based on students’ interaction with SEP-CyLE and the assigned activities, they are awarded virtual points that may be converted to points used towards their course grade. This tool has been used in software engineering, software testing, and programming classes at a large urban Hispanic- serving institution. While the related work

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

David Hailey; Christine Hailey

Stover10 describe the use of asynchronous learning networks to delivery multimediacourses to both bachelor’s and master’s level students. A study by Boulet and Boudreault using amore traditional asynchronous delivery-mode, television, showed students performed as well onexaminations whether the material was delivered via television, traditional lecture or a partialtelevision, partial lecture mode.11 Faculty at the Open University have conducted large-scaletrials of internet delivered, multimedia courses compared with traditional lecture courses andfound no difference in student performance based on examination results.12In contrast, although, a review of the electronic delivery of multimedia courses or programs bythe Institute for Higher Education

Collection

ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Branko S. Bokan, The George Washington University; Joost R. Santos, The George Washington University

previously documented methodology allowed them to make threat informedrisk decisions on the best control portfolios. The Cybersecurity Architecture Review threatmodeling approach can be applied to the analysis of coverage of administrative cybersecuritycontrols (or non-materiel capabilities) in the same way researchers previously applied them totechnical (materiel) capabilities.The Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) is a federal program thatpromotes the adoption of secure cloud services across the federal government by providing astandardized approach to security and risk assessment for cloud technologies and federalagencies. [21] To ensure a standardized and repeatable approach to securing cloud-basedofferings used in the

Conference Session

Integrating Mathematics and Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Todd Johnson; Eric Key, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez; Dale Buechler, University of Wisconsin-Platteville

students use the mathematical skills they arecurrently learning and apply them to engineering problems. This paper will discuss thedevelopment of this course in conjunction with our mathematics department. Ultimately it isanticipated that this course will allow us to retain capable engineering students who mayotherwise become disenchanted with their delayed access to engineering courses plus will givethem better skills for their upper division classes.IntroductionEngineering education over the next decade provides numerous challenges. One of the biggestof these is the retention of engineering students. Our Programs at the College of Engineeringand Applied Science (CEAS) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM), like so manyothers throughout

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering and Business

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terri Lynch-Caris, Kettering University; Andrew Borchers, Kettering University; Jacqueline El-Sayed, Kettering University; Trevor Harding, Kettering University; Craig Hoff, Kettering University; Benjamin Redekop, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

course. In addition to course development, this project attemptsto engage the larger university through student groups and guest speakers. Disseminationand outreach efforts attempt to engage others outside of the university.A web search of existing environmental programs and courses via university websiteswas undertaken by the Kettering faculty team. Programs and courses with similarconcepts were examined and university partners were invited to participate on the KIETadvisory board. Similar discussions and web searches were utilized to identify localindustrial partners for the purpose of insuring relevancy in the applications of theclassroom concepts presented.The National Science Foundation DUE-CCLI- Adaptation and Implementation Grant(DUE

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lily Liang, University of the District of Columbia; Briana Lowe Wellman, University of the District of Columbia; Rui Kang

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

Paper ID #41794Linking First-year Computing Courses to Engage Commuter StudentsDr. Lily Liang, University of the District of Columbia Dr. Lily Rui Liang is a full professor and Graduate Program Director at the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of the District of Columbia. Dr. Liang joined the University of the District of Columbia in 2004 after receiving her Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada. Her research areas include computer science education, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and digital image processing. She has mentored

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Rabb, The Citadel; Ronald Welch, The Citadel; Alyson Eggleston, The Citadel

Asynchronous Avg ADV Figure 1: Perceived Effectiveness of Instructional DeliveryFigure 1 compares the traditional student average with the ADV average. In general, studentsfound the SWIVL-Hyflex modality the most effective, about 5 points higher than RemoteSynchronous. However, ADV assessed Remote Synchronous slightly more effective,approximately 2.5 points. A paired T-test was not conducted due to small sample sizes and thedesire to continue this longitudinal study. These values are within the 5% error and may beinconclusive to determine a superior instructional modality. However, both of the asynchronousmodes (remote and voice-over-PowerPoint) were considered to be noticeably

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

W.S. Khan; M. Ceylan; B. Zhang; R. Asmatulu

analysis, and integrate environmental impact assessment tools. 2. To conserve and improve natural ecosystems while protecting human health. 3. To use life-cycle thinking in all engineering activities at all stages. 4. To ensure that all material and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently safe and benign as possible. 5. To control and minimize depletion of natural resources as much as possible. 6. To prevent waste as much as possible in stages of processing.Proceedings of the 2012 Midwest Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education 7. To develop and apply engineering solutions, while being cognizant of local geography, aspirations, and cultures. 8. To create engineering solutions beyond

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division (TELPhE) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Sarah Appelhans, Bucknell University; Stewart Thomas, Bucknell University; Rebecca Thomas, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division (TELPhE)

that maintains and modifies the criteria for engineering, computer science, and engineeringtechnology program accreditation. ABET has an annual revenue of almost $13M (2020 IRS filing) fromaccreditation fees, but is structured as a primarily volunteer organization with individuals donating theirtime to serve as the evaluators of degree programs or on an oversight board with representatives frommany engineering societies b. ABET was initially established in 1932 as the Engineers’ Council forProfessional Development and renamed to ABET in 1980. Based on pressure from large engineeringindustries who saw that engineering graduates lacked some characteristics needed to thrive in changingworkplaces [1], around the year 2000 ABET significantly

Conference Session

Historical Perspectives for Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

remained a difficult change foran established college was significantly easier to accomplish in a school built from scratch. Italso helped that aviation firms, for technical reasons13 as well as for reasons of a desperate labormarket, were willing to hire any and all engineers and offer them specialized training at “fullpay” on company time, as stated in the Lockheed ad. There was also the explicit expectation thatBoelter would develop a program complementary to the one at Berkeley. Finally, Boelter had nochoice but to begin with a single, unified curriculum. With but a limited appropriation, whichprovided no money for new buildings, Boelter opened the doors to his college in August 1945with a small handful of faculty and but 25 students. During

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 1: Pathways into Statistics and Data Science for Low-Income, Academically Talented Undergraduate Students

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Erin Carll, University of Washington; Aryaa Rajouria, University of Washington; Rebecca Schachtman, University of Washington; Judith E Canner; Jackie Bryce Miller, University of California, Santa Barbara; Abel Rodriguez, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

-political trends increasinglyemphasize “data-driven” ideas, boosting the importance of statistical and data literacy forinformed participation in our broader communities. However, there is a persistent “digitaldivide” in which individuals from under-resourced communities have less exposure and access totechnological tools and learning [1]. This gap corresponds with new inequalities as technologiesare largely developed by and accessible to people with privilege [2], [3]. This makes equitableaccess to relevant knowledge and skills an important social justice concern.Research suggests that in SDS, people who are lower-income, Black, Latine, women, and/ordisabled are underrepresented in high school coursework and/or the profession [4], [5], [6], [7

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen L. Kitto, Western Washington University; Debra S. Jusak, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

influencedby prior learning) and, similarly, in social constructivism language and interactions withothers leads to the connections. Additionally, it is known that cooperative learning is aneffective method of enhancing instruction 10-18. “Between 1924 and 1997, over 168studies were conducted comparing the relative efficacy of cooperative learning. Thesestudies indicate that cooperative learning promotes higher individual achievement than docompetitive approaches … ” 10. “The meta-analysis (of cooperative learning)demonstrates that various forms of small-group learning are effective in promotinggreater academic achievement, more favorable attitudes toward learning, and increasedpersistence through STEM courses and programs” 14. The outcomes of our

Conference Session

Aerospace Engineering Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelia Greig, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Alex Powaser, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Douglas Howe, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Will Alan McGehee, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

1684Student assessment for the lab was structured as part calculation and part general knowledge ofelectrospray thruster applications to spacecraft propulsion. Performance estimates, such as thosegiven in Table 1, were made with the students then applying the results to particular satellitemissions suited to electrospray applications. Based on the high specific impulse and low thrustvalues calculated, example mission options could include precision attitude control, orbitmaintenance, or small satellite formation maneuvering.3.3 Atmospheric operationOperating the thruster in a vacuum chamber is more realistic in terms of spacecraft operationsand additionally provides a safety barrier between students and the high voltage components.However, if a