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Displaying results 1201 - 1230 of 27788 in total
Conference Session
Computer Education Management Tools II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Roger Hadgraft, The University of Melbourne
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
in each semester of the four year programs in civil, chemical and environmental engineering. He has consulted on PBL to several Universities, nationally and internationally. Roger has been a member of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) Executive since 2001 and is its President in 2008. In February 2007, Roger was appointed at the University of Melbourne as Director of the Engineering Learning Unit to assist in the introduction of the new Melbourne Model in engineering, to support new project-based learning courses and new learning spaces and to improve teaching quality across the School of Engineering
Conference Session
Engineering Identity 1
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daria A Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beth A Myers, University of Colorado Boulder; Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jeffrey T. Luftig, Engineering Management Program, CEAS, University of Colorado - Boulder; Malinda S Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jordan Michelle Hornback
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
. She received her PhD in environmental health physics and toxicology from Purdue Uni- versity and held leadership positions in the energy and software industries for 13 years. She founded and leads CU’s extensive K-12 engineering initiative and the BOLD Center, and spearheaded the Engineering GoldShirt Program. She led the founding of the ASEE K-12 Division in 2004, was awarded ASEE’s 2005 Lifetime Achievement Award, and was conferred as an ASEE fellow member in 2011. She was awarded NAE’s 2008 Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engineering and Technology Education.Dr. Daria A Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder Daria Kotys-Schwartz is the Design Center Colorado Director of Undergraduate Programs and an Instruc
Conference Session
Project Management and Team Issues
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Sandra Furterer; Lesia Crumpton-Young
being effectively used in CREOL, instead of enhancing the existing programs and codes that were difficult to maintain and did not meet the users’ needs. Summary and Conclusions: The Total Quality Improvement course taught in the Industrial Engineering and Management Systems department at the University of Central Florida provides a valuable opportunity for the graduate students to learn and apply the Six Sigma tools and DMAIC problem solving approach. This paper described three Six Sigma tools, Voice of the Customer, Design of Experiments, and Benchmarking that the students applied to help organizations improve their processes. This course helps engineers learn and apply state of the art principles and techniques and gain critical thinking and
Conference Session
Career Development for Engineering Professionals
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wayne P. Pferdehirt, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jeffrey S. Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison; John S. Nelson P.E., University of Wisconsin, Madison
Tagged Divisions
Continuing Professional Development
Paper ID #24104Evolving the Teaching and Practice of Project Management: Lessons Learnedon the Path to Living OrderProf. Wayne P. Pferdehirt, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wayne P. Pferdehirt is the director of the Master of Engineering Management program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Wayne also co-teaches the program’s Technical Project Management and Founda- tions of Engineering Leadership courses. Prior to joining UW-Madison, Pferdehirt directed the Midwest solid waste consulting services of an international environmental consulting firm and led energy conser- vation research projects for Argonne National
Conference Session
Freshman Design and Other Novel Programs
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rachael Schmedlen, University of Michigan; Mimi (Miriam) Adam; Robert Sulewski; Matthew O'Donnell, University of Washington
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
problems for a real client, 2.exploring the leading edges of the field, and 3. learning strategies to solve novel problems.Our challenge has been to turn teenagers straight out of high school into individuals with a realappreciation, based on experience, of what it takes to be an engineer. To this end, the course isorganized as a company, Blue Genes Research and Development, and our students are formedinto project teams, each assigned to a client, a specialist physician at the University of MichiganHospitals. Each team must work with the physician to develop a diagnostic test to detect adisease before the onset of symptoms. Course material emphasizes the fundamental doctrines ofsystems biology, the central role of quantification in design and
Conference Session
Designing and Evaluating Engineering Leadership Programs
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Teresa J. Didiano, University of Toronto; Annie Elisabeth Simpson, Troost Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve P.Eng., University of Toronto
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Leadership Development
completed Stanford University’s Life Design Training.Ms. Annie Elisabeth Simpson, Troost Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering, University of Toronto Annie Simpson M Ed is the Associate Director or Troost ILead. She oversees ILead’s co-curricular programs and manages the programming team. As a long standing member of the team, Annie has been engaged in the development of many programs and in the establishment of ILead culture. Annie developed ’The Power of Story: Discovering Your Leadership Narrative,” and taught the course for its first four years. She also supports ILead’s growing community of Instructors. Before coming to U of T Annie taught in the community college system and also worked as a counselor
Conference Session
Construction Engineering Division: Career Preparation
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohsen Goodarzi, Ball State University; Tamer Breakah, Ball State University; Mohsen Garshasby, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Construction Engineering Division (CONST)
Materials, Project Management, and Construction EducationDr. Mohsen Garshasby, Mississippi State University Mohsen Garshasby is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Building Construction Science at Mississippi State University. Dr. Garshasby is an architect, researcher, and educator who currently teaches collaborative studio(s) and environmental building systems within the College of Architecture, Art and Design at Mississippi State University. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025The Impact of NACE Competency Integration on Students’Perceived Career Readiness in Construction Management Education Mohsen Goodarzi1, Tamer Breakah2, and Mohsen Garshasby3 1
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Deana Lucas, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Rebecca Martinez, Purdue Polytechnic Graduate Programs
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
. Deana is a second-year master's student focusing on STEM (science, technology,engineering, mathematics) Education Leadership. She has recently finished up her master’sprogram and will be continuing her education in a Ph.D. program in Technology. She has aBachelor of Science degree in Technology and Engineering Education. Her training consisted ofpre-service teacher training, where she worked on projects around pedagogy for engineering andtechnology education and worked with/taught machinery to execute designs. Her experienceshave been filled with hands-on learning opportunities, and she hopes to provide her futurestudents with similar learning opportunities. Deana is a graduate researcher on the M3 project,with Rebecca who's introduced in the
Conference Session
Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ken C Stanton, Colorado State University; Thomas H. Bradley, Colorado State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
Paper ID #13932Academic Needs Assessment to Inform Course and Program Design: A Hy-brid Vehicle Engineering Program as a Case StudyDr. Ken C Stanton, Colorado State University Ken Stanton earned his PhD from Virginia Tech in Engineering Education before relocating to begin post- doctoral work at Colorado State University, where he co-created the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Engineering program. Remaining a research affiliate with the university, Ken left CSU to help open a charter high school nearby where he taught in and led the mathematics department. Most recently, Ken has again shifted direction to pursue entrepreneurial
Conference Session
Topics in Energy Management
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jaime Ramos-Salas P.E., University of Texas, Pan American; Emmanuel Benitez, University of Texas, Pan American; Leonel Aguilera, University of Texas, Pan American
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
. Page 23.652.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013Hands on Experience for Students on an Energy Management SystemAbstractAs new energy technologies arise, they are being implemented in the Power Grid nationwideservices. We believe that it is very important to create an efficient way to manage the energyresources in our facilities.We have designed a system using the Graphical User Interface of LabVIEW to gather SolarPower Data using a Measurement and Computing minilab 1008 interface.This system gathers Solar Power Information from a 5 kW Fixed Photovoltaic Array. It has thecapability to retrieve real time prices of electricity for the southern region of Texas according toThe Electric Reliability
Conference Session
Computer Education Management Tools II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Bowman, Clemson University; Elizabeth Stephan, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
the viewpoint ofstudents and faculty, as well as its pedagogical implications. The program and data structure aredescribed, along with sample statistics generated by the system. Future directions include thedevelopment of GEOPort, an individual and team work documentation tool. This will transformGEO from a registration and communication tool into an education research tool. Teammembers will be able to post text, pictures, or video in response to instructor-posted materials,and to document their progress on projects and assignments. Rubrics can be developed to gradeonline submissions, and to track student approaches to design, problem-solving, and teamdynamics.IntroductionGEO (General Engineering Online) is a web-based software system
Conference Session
Design Across the Curriculum 2
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Charlotte Marr de Vries, Pennsyvania State University, Behrend College; Jill Johnson P.E., Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Brian Lani
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
Paper ID #30274Development of a Mentorship Program between Upper-class and First YearEngineering Students through 3D printingDr. Charlotte Marr de Vries, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College Dr. Charlotte de Vries is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Penn State Erie, the Behrend College. She received her B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts in 2009. She received her M.S. (2013) and Ph.D. (2014) in Mechanical Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University. She teaches Introduction to Engineering Design, Capstone Design, Dynamics, System Dy- namics, and Instrumentation
Conference Session
Construction Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Sangho Park, Central Connecticut State University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
each view of the scene exclusively to each corresponding eye ofthe perceiver. This process creates depth and occlusion maps suitable for integration withimagery. This paper mainly describes how to develop and implement stereoscopic visualizationin a portable system to help students better understand information from construction drawings.IntroductionStudents in construction engineering and management (CEM) programs have difficulty inlearning quantity takeoff, estimating, and scheduling. Based on our preliminary study on whatcauses this problem, we identified that students taking these courses were required to useconstruction drawings and specifications for hands-on activities. They struggled in obtaininginformation from construction drawings
Conference Session
Design in K-12 Education
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
James S. Mokri P.E., San Jose State University; Nicole Okamoto, San Jose State University; Sorin Ion Neagu, Independence High School
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
Paper ID #29222Implementation of a ”Near-Peer” Mentoring Program between a High SchoolTechnology Class and a University Senior Design Engineering ClassProf. James S. Mokri P.E., San Jose State University Mr. Mokri is an adjunct professor in the SJSU Mechanical Engineering Department, 2007 to present, and has taught Senior Design Project, Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Fundamentals, Solar Energy Engineer- ing, Thermal Engineering Lab, and advises post graduate students. He has consulted in these areas and encourages the students to appreciate the hands-on aspects of the engineering education. Mr. Mokri is applying knowledge gained
Conference Session
Project Management and Team Issues
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Thomas Wollin; Ronald Bennett; Melanie Steinborn; Al Dombrowski
students are attracted to this mission. “Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright @ 2005, American Society for Engineering Education”The Graduate Programs in the School of Engineering at the University of St.Thomas are designed for working adults in the region. These students hold arange of leadership positions in large corporations such as 3M, Lockheed, andMedtronic as well as many smaller firms. They are attracted to our programsbecause the courses cover theory that gives long-term durable knowledge as wellas practical knowledge that can be applied to today’s burning issues. Experiencedprofessional faculty bring a collegial
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Stan Harris
Page 8.1101.1“Proceedings of the 2003 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference &Exposition Copyright © 2003, American Society for Engineering Education”independently concluded that “laptop” use will aid their learning. Additionally, coursemanagement software is being used on hundreds if not thousands of university campuses.This paper presents the author’s two plus years of experience in using course managementsoftware combined this academic year with the use of networked laptop computers.University DescriptionLawrence Technological University (LTU) is a private university that enrolls approximately4000 students in associate, baccalaureate, masters, and doctoral programs. A large portion of thestudent body, particularly
Conference Session
Construction Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, Colorado State University; MaryEllen C Nobe, Colorado State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Construction
among Construction Management StudentsThe development of effective strategies in preventing work accidents in the construction industryis an important topic not only for the industry sector but also for higher education programs. Thecurrent literature supports the view that training is a major factor in sustaining and improvingsafety performance. Particularly, learning is an important dimension of training. Traditionalstudents, due to their youth and inexperience, often believe that they are invincible and thataccidents will not happen to them. Construction Management and Civil Engineering programsare faced with the challenge of raising awareness among students about the frequency andseverity of construction
Conference Session
Construction Engineering Division: Curriculum Development
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, Colorado State University; Mehmet Egemen Ozbek; Papa Ansah Okohene, Colorado State University; Zachary Lopez
Tagged Divisions
Construction Engineering Division (CONST)
of teaching. His efforts in leading the Sustainable Buildings program were recognized with the 2019 Award for Excellence in Education Abroad Curriculum Design. He has also worked as a construction project engineer, consultant, and safety inspector. He believes that educating the next generation of professionals will play a pivotal role in sustainability standard practices. In terms of engagement, Dr. Valdes-Vasquez has served as the USGBC student club’s adviser and the ASC Sustainability Team’s faculty coach since 2013. He is currently serving as a CSU President’s Sustainability Commission member, among multiple other committees. In addition, he is involved with various professional organizations at the national
Conference Session
College-Industry Partnerships: Bringing Industry into the Curriculum Development and Design Cycle
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dave Sly, Iowa State University; Daniel Bumblauskas, Iowa State University; Frank Peters, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
College-Industry Partnerships
conducted two events a month withapproximately 25 to 30 members attending each event. Speakers at their events included Hercules, Lockheed Martin,Genesys, Fisher Controls, Insight Technologies, Trane, TechAir and Eclipse. In addition, the club took field trips in the Falland Spring to visit the Trane sales training program and the Genesys systems engineering group.Technical Sales 1, which had a prerequisite course in Engineering Economics, involved the development of the student toperform technical sales activities, whereas Technical Sales 2 involved the development and management of a global, multi-tiered, technical sales organization.The focus areas for Technical Sales 1, involved: The focus areas for Technical Sales 2
Conference Session
Topics in Energy Management
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kendrick T. Aung, Lamar University
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Economic and Life Cycle Analysis of Renewable Energy SystemsAbstractRenewable energy resources such as wind and solar are playing increasingly important role inpresent and future energy scenarios of both developed and developing countries. For example,the installed wind energy in the United States increased from 12 GW in 2006 to 47 GW in 2011averaging 30% increase over the five year period. Over the same period, global wind energycapacity has increased from 74 GW to 238 GW. Engineering students and future engineers, whowill be involved in making decisions on design and implementation of these renewable energysystems, require knowledge of
Conference Session
Computer Education Management Tools II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thomas Doyle, McMaster University; Adrian Ieta, Murray State University; Sheng Qian, McMaster University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
– 99, 1989.8. Chen, X., Francia, B., Li, M., McKinnon, B., Seker, A., “Shared Information and Program Plagiarism Detection”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, v50-7, pp. 1545-1550, 2004.9. Schleimer, S., Wilkerson, D. S., Aiken, A., “Winnowing: Local Algorithms for Document Fingerprinting”, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 76 – 85, 2003.10. Shannon, C., Weaver, W., “The Mathematical Theory of Communication”, University of Illinois Press, 1949.11. Ieta, A., Doyle, T. E., Kucerovsky, Z., and Greason, W. D. "Challenges and Options Related to Scaling Raw Scores in Engineering Education," The International Network for Engineering
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Steven Bradley; Walter Bradley
Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Educationtime management and study skills instructions and the other with such instruction incorporatedinto the course.Incorporating Time Management and Study Skills into Freshman EngineeringOne of the challenges to incorporating time management and study skills into a freshmenengineering course is the need for it to take minimal time, but nevertheless, be effective inreshaping the habits of the freshmen students. At Baylor University, we adopted an inexpensiveprogram (∼$10/student) called Success4Students that has been designed for engineering students.The program is a video/workbook seminar that can be presented in three hours
Conference Session
First-Year Programs: Cornucopia #2
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Uma Lakshman, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering; Jack Bringardner, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
Paper ID #30558Work in Progress: Transitioning to Two Semesters: The Development of aFull-Year CornerstoneMs. Uma Lakshman, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering Uma Lakshman is a rising fourth-year undergraduate student at NYU Tandon studying Civil Engineering with a minor in Urban Informatics. She is the Head Teaching Assistant of the Introduction to Engineering and Design Course at NYU Tandon, and manages the 115 Teaching Assistants of the course. She has previously worked at AECOM as a Civil Engineering and Highway Design Intern. She has worked on projects such as the Nassau Expressway Reconstruction and the FDR Median
Conference Session
ECE-Career Development and Program Structures
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gregory Theodore Ling, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Jackson Hafele, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Nicholas D. Fila, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Henry Duwe, Iowa State University of Science and Technology
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)
Paper ID #47365Design and Organization of a Bring-Up First Vertically-Integrated Chip Designand Fabrication Co-CurricularGregory Theodore Ling, Iowa State University of Science and Technology Gregory Ling is a recent graduate from Iowa State University with a Master’s degree in Computer Engineering with a focus in Computing and Networking Systems, now working at IBM. He was the primary student lead creating the ChipForge co-curricular on which this paper is based.Jackson Hafele, Iowa State University of Science and Technology Jackson Hafele is currently working in industry as a logic design engineer at ForwardEdge ASIC in St
Conference Session
Project Management and Team Issues
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Eldon Larsen
Session Teaching a Project Management Fundamentals Course to Working Professionals Eldon R. Larsen, Ph.D. Marshall University, College of Information Technology and EngineeringAbstract Project management has become very important in today’s business world. Yet, mostworking professionals have had to learn project management skills almost entirely byexperience, with little formal college training in this field. At Marshall University, the Master ofScience in Engineering degree program includes an emphasis in Engineering Management, ofwhich Project Management is
Conference Session
Money and People; Resource Management for Recruitment and Retention
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Margaret Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology; Elizabeth DeBartolo, Rochester Institute of Technology; Jacqueline Mozrall, Rochester Institute of Technology; Julie Olney, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
building program for current women engineering students. During the2006/07 academic year, WE@RIT hosted over 1500 participants in their various programofferings with the support of 175 people, most of whom were volunteers.The organization and its programming flourish using a managed resource strategy in a climatewhere funding is limited. Student and faculty volunteers and/or student employees performmuch of the effort involved in designing and administering various programs. A uniqueleadership structure allows a faculty member through work plan adjustment to serve as theprogram’s executive director while a full-time coordinator handles daily program activities. Inorder to run the organization using resources effectively, the group created overall
Conference Session
Value Added Collection Management
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Karen Grigg
. Page 8.1137.1The North Carolina State University Libraries (NCSU Libraries) joined the Patent and Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2003, American Society for Engineering Education 1Trademark Depository Library Program (PTDLP) in September 1977. Given the land-grant status of the University and its strong science and technology research focus, thedecision to become a patent and trademark depository program was logical.As the sole Patent and Trademark Depository Library (PTDL) in the state of NorthCarolina, the NCSU Libraries must balance the needs of independent inventors with thoseof the
Conference Session
Forum for Nontraditional Engineering Programs
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Sanjay Raman
Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector in1996 as is currently part of the new technology development team for the Radio Products Division.ERIC MAASS received the B.S. degree from Univ. of Maryland in 1975, and the MS in Chemical andBiomedical Eng. from Arizona State Univ. in 1982. He joined Motorola in 1979, and has held a variety oftechnical/managerial roles including device engineering manager, operations manager, design/systems manager,and director of technology strategy. He is currently leading efforts to apply Six Sigma methodology to newproduct development. Page 9.203.8 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering
Conference Session
Developing New Engineering Educators
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amy B. Chan Hilton, University of Southern Indiana
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
Paper ID #20572Time Management for Faculty: A Framework for Intentional Productivityand Well-BeingDr. Amy B. Chan Hilton, University of Southern Indiana Amy B. Chan Hilton, Ph.D., P.E., F.EWRI is the Director of the Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning and a Professor of Engineering at the University of Southern Indiana (USI). Her interests in- clude teaching and learning innovations, faculty and organizational development, environmental systems analysis, and applied optimization. Prior to joining USI, Dr. Chan Hilton served as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation with experience in the
Conference Session
Industrial Engineering Division Tech Session 2, IE-ing the Classroom
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alejandro Salado, Virginia Tech; John Ray Morelock, Virginia Tech; Arash Baghaei Lakeh, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering
-play and design. Simulation & Gaming, 39(4), 465-497. doi: 10.1177/1046878107311377Dudziak, W., & Hendrickson, C. (1988). Simulation Game for Contract Negotiations. Journal of Management in Engineering, 4(2). doi: doi:10.1061/(ASCE)9742-597X(1988)4:2(113)Dym, C. L., Agogino, A. M., Eris, O., Frey, D. D., & Leifer, L. J. (2005). Engineering Design Thinking, Teaching, and Learning. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 103-120. doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00832.xFlavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive– developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911. doi: 10.1037/0003- 066X.34.10.906Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. (2012