Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacques C. Richard, Texas A&M University; So Yoon Yoon, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

research programs as a means of attracting undergraduate studentsinto graduate education and research. Through research experiences for undergraduates (REU)programs, NSF supports U.S. citizens and permanent resident students from institutions that maynot have graduate programs in an area to immerse them into research environment at a hostresearch university. Therefore, REU programs are aimed to increase participants’ awareness andinterest in graduate school in computing, science, technology, engineering, and math (C-STEM)fields.However, the recent data showed the continuing lack of diversity in engineering graduateprograms [1]. From 2007 to 2017, there was a 5.1% increase in total graduate enrollment ofwomen in engineering, but Figure 1 shows that

Conference Session

Research in Faculty Development

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kristen Ferris, University of New Mexico; Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Pil Kang, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

Paper ID #31599Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Faculty Mindset AmidstProfessional Development ActivitiesKristen Ferris, University of New Mexico Kristen Ferris is a student in the Organization, Information, and Learning Sciences program at the Uni- versity of New Mexico. Her research interests include faculty mindset change, change management, and organizational citizenship behavior. Much of her research is part of a National Science Foundation grant at UNM where the chemical and biological engineering department is redesigning curriculum to support diverse student retention and graduation. She intends to further

Conference Session

Design: Content and Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University; Mieke Schuurman, Pennsylvania State University; Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Samuel T Hunter, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

be defined in clearand unambiguous terms. After identifying the problem, we need to then analyze what theproblem demands. In other words, we need to gather pertinent information for the design, andresearch whether existing technologies can be incorporated into the design. A design engineer isexpected to be creative when generating new ideas that may solve the problem. There can beseveral solutions to the given problem by considering different aspects. After generating themultiple solutions, we need to analyze each solution against the selection criteria for theproblem in order to check whether it fits the requirements specified by the problem. After wehave selected the best possible solution, we need to test that particular solution. Since

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education Initiatives

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quamrul Mazumder, University of Michigan - Flint; Dhruba Baishya, University of Michigan - Flint

Tagged Divisions

International

business environment. Anumber of areas were identified and presented that can improve the current US engineering andengineering technology education is presented in the paperIntroductionWe are witnessing a rapid evolution and call for globalization that affects every aspects of ourlife. A shrinking global village, the upcoming new economies, and globalization of the economyitself have triggered the need for globalization of education. In this study our focus revolvesaround globalization of engineering education, because we believe, to succeed in the competitiveglobal business environment, it is essential to incorporate appropriate courses in the engineeringcurriculum. When compared with the evolution of education, globalization of

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Mark Jansson P.E., Bucknell University; David Kelley, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

cross section analysis software and to the simulation of signal detection in the presence of noise. From 1991 to 1993 he was a Senior Engineer with Information Systems Laboratories, Vienna, Va., where he worked in the areas of radar clutter mitigation and phased array design. After serving as a Visiting Pro- fessor at the Pennsylvania State University from 1999 to 2001, he joined Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Penn., where he is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering. His research interests include phased array antennas, reactively controlled antennas, computational electro- magnetics, and biologically-inspired optimization algorithms. He is a member of ASEE, a senior member of

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James M. Widmann, California Polytechnic State University; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

conceptual understanding1,7 with one study indicating that traditional instructionmay actually result in a decrease.2A group of pedagogical techniques known as Active Learning is gaining wider acceptance inengineering classrooms (see Prince8 for a review). These types of interactive engagement havebeen shown to help repair student misconceptions.7,9-10 One type of Active Learning, InquiryBased Learning Activities (IBLA), are emerging as effective techniques to increase conceptual Page 24.407.2understanding in Heat Transfer11,12 as well as in Dynamics.13 IBLA’s consist of presenting teamsof students with a physical situation and asking them to predict

Conference Session

multim engr edu;dist.,servi&intern based

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ann Wright; Andrew Wright

science, such as vectors, forces, dynamics, stress, and strain. The focus areasfor the program, in the junior and senior years, are telecommunications and computersystems. Once these areas have been fully developed by May 2003, a control systemstrack is planned. Students have the flexibility to take several junior and senior levelelective courses to either broaden their exposure or to attain depth in a specific area.Systems engineering is an emerging discipline with international significance. 1 Systemsengineers must not only design complex systems, they must also deploy and managethese systems throughout the global community.Hendrix College has a program in which students can complete three years towards a BSin Physics at Hendrix and undertake

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Francis Di Bella

identifying how individuals can continue to growas human beings and thus continue to contribute to a worthwhile life. Advancement viaeducation is the means of achieving the truest reward: Self-Actualization or thefulfillment and realization of one’s potential. Continuous education for the engineer isnot a new phenomenon. However, it has been more closely associated with keepingcurrent in order to maintain marketability than it has been to the contribution to theethical fortification of the engineer. These two results are certainly not contrary. It isthis author’s contention that the need to stay current or competent in one’s chosen fieldof study must be complimented by keeping informed in a variety of seemingly unrelatedfields of study. The variety

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 2: Disaggregating data from peer-led, small group discussion workshops for engineering and computer science undergraduates: Examining "belonging" and "mentorship" outcomes for underrepresented student populations

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Ryan Sauve, Cornell University; Celia Evans PhD, Cornell University; Lisa Schneider-Bentley, Cornell University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

that Hispanic students in our study were more likely to give thehighest rating to their facilitators for showing concern, dividing time equitably, and providingmentorship. On the other hand, Asian students were much less likely to give the highest ratingfor each of those questions. Additionally, we did not find a statistically significant effect whenexamining the intersection of facilitator and student racial and gender identities on sense ofbelonging. Overall, emergent patterns from this paper show that we have made great progresstowards creating inclusive learning communities that support all students across genders andethnicities.IntroductionDespite the high rate of growth in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)jobs and

Conference Session

The Computer, the Web, and the ChE

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

David Clough

programming. The vehiclefor the latter was Fortran programming on mainframe computers using punched cards. Thecomputing component of these courses grew through the 70’s with more attention paid tonumerical methods. The minicomputer was a common vehicle, and video terminals graduallyreplaced the use of punched cards. In the 1980’s technology shifted to personal computers withmagnetic storage media. Although there were “experiments” or “movements” with differentprogramming languages during the 70’s and 80’s, such as Pascal, Fortran, in its evolvingversions, remained the primary software vehicle.From the mid-80’s forward through the 90’s, a split occurred in the direction taken towardintroductory computing for engineers. In part, this was catalyzed by

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephanie Cauble; Ann D. Christy; Marybeth Lima

womenmight yield valuable information about the environment of BAE departments and factorsthat might be linked to the higher percentage of women in this discipline. By studyingwomen at the faculty level, we hope to gain insight into the environments theyencountered during their undergraduate, graduate, and faculty careers. A review ofcurrent literature shows that a survey of all women faculty in a discipline of engineeringregarding personal and professional issues has never been conducted.Several studies which have targeted the retention of women in engineering academicshave examined the conflict between women’s success in academics and their family role.Brush (1991) suggested that the structure of tenure and promotion which requires largeamounts of

Conference Session

Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Stephen Bitar, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Robert Labonté, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2010-647: THE TECHNICAL, PROCESS, AND BUSINESS CONSIDERATIONSFOR ENGINEERING DESIGN – A 10 YEAR RETROSPECTIVEWilliam Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Dr. William R. Michalson is a Professor in the ECE Department at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute where he performs research and teaches in the areas of navigation, communications and computer system design. He supervises the WPI Center for Advanced Integrated Radio Navigation (CAIRN) where he is developing a Public Safety Integration Center focused on the integration of communications, navigation and information technologies for public safety applications. His research focuses on the development, test, and evaluation of systems

Conference Session

The D/M/A of CE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua M Frey, Elizabethtown College; Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

for future outreach projects and a moreknowledgeable community on engineering. In addition, this outreach project exposed theundergraduates to the demand for more engineers and encourages them to continue outreach incommunity.Introduction The United States is increasingly looking to engineering as part of the solution to ourrecent economic downturn, as well as to global challenges including sustainability and ever-changing technology. To this end, President Obama set a goal to graduate 10,000 moreengineers each year from American institutions [1]. In addition, Energy Secretary Steven Chuhas stated, “We need engineers. We need scientists. This is going to be at the heart of how theUnited States is going to remain competitive” [2

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 4: Design Thinking & Entrepreneurship

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Anjali Mulchandani, University of New Mexico; Vanessa Svihla, University of Texas at Austin; Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University ; Sydney Donohue Jobe, University of New Mexico; Paris Eisenman, University of New Mexico; Ethan Kapp, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

Paper ID #42689Ill-Structured Design Challenges in First-Year CoursesMadalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New MexicoProf. Anjali Mulchandani, University of New Mexico Dr. Anjali Mulchandani is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering at the University of New Mexico. She leads the Environmental Resource Sustainability group, which studies themes related to environmental and water resources engineering, atmospheric water harvesting, waste-to-energy technologies, and environmental remediation. Her work integrates and highlights science communication and community needs-based

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Gabriel Grant; Djedjiga Belfadel; David Haessig

, andinfrastructure inspection. Their ability to carry out complex making UAVs more capable of navigating safely in varied andtasks efficiently and cost-effectively makes them valuable for complex environments.both commercial and research applications. However, despite This paper presents the design, development, and testing ofadvancements in UAV technology, autonomous navigation and a heavy-lift octocopter equipped with an obstacle avoidanceobstacle avoidance remain major challenges, especially for system based on multi-sensor fusion. The UAV is powered byheavy-lift UAVs, which require greater stability and control INAV firmware, which provides advanced flight modes,due to their increased payload and

Conference Session

Mechanics Division (MECHS) Technical Session 1B

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Samuel Garcia Jr., NASA EPDC

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics Division (MECHS)

ExamsDespite implementing communication strategies as a mean to strengthen student outcomes,engagement, and attainment, researchers have considered alternative pedagogical schemes to reachequivalent results. Innovative teaching methods have emerged as a critical factor in enhancingskills-based subjects such as engineering and technology. According to Naz and Murad (2017),innovative pedagogy is rooted in the belief that every learner has the potential for success whenprovided with the appropriate tools and strategies. These teaching methods recognize the uniquepersonality characteristics of each student and leverage these traits to optimize learning outcomes[14]. This has led to deliberate efforts by engineering faculty of piloting and experimenting

Conference Session

MATH - Works in Progress for Mathematics Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Poornima Jayasinghe, University of Calgary; Placida Amali Dassanayake, University of Calgary; Andre Oliveira, University of Calgary; Anthony Starr Kroll, University of Calgary; Irushi Jayathunga, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics Division (MATH)

. Kolmos, "Emerging learning environments in engineering education,"Austral. J. Eng. Educ., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 3–16, 2020.S. P. Hong, "Different numericaltechniques, modeling, and simulation in solving complex problems," J. Mach. Comput., vol. 3,no. 2, p. 58, 2023.[4] S. Huda, S. Alyahya, L. Pan, and H. Al-Dossari, "Combining Innovative Technology andContext Based Approaches in Teaching Software Engineering," Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl.,vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 123-130, 2022.[5] M. S. Kleine, K. Zacharias, and D. Ozkan, "A scoping literature review on contextualizationin engineering education," J. Eng. Educ., vol. 113, no. 4, pp. 894–918, 2024.[6] J. E. Mills and D. F. Treagust, "Engineering education—Is problem-based or project-basedlearning the

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED) Technical Session 7: Innovative Pedagogy

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luke Landherr, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

Kidding): Ungrading and its Necessary Accompaniments” InBlum, S.D., ed. Ungrading: Why Rating Students Undermines Learning (and What to Do Instead). p. 53-73. West Virginia University Press: 2020.(7) Chu, G. “The Point-Less Classroom: A Math Teacher’s Ironic Choice in Not Calculating Grades.” InBlum, S.D., ed. Ungrading: Why Rating Students Undermines Learning (and What to Do Instead). p.161-170. West Virginia University Press: 2020.(8) Geni, Larry, ed. Agency: A Teacher’s Guide to Self-Directed Learning. Geni Consulting. 2018.http://www.geniconsulting.org/a-teachers-handbook.(9) Hafeez, M. A.; Shakil, S.; Jangsher, S. “Stress effects on exam performance using EEG.” In 2018 14thInternational Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), IEEE, 2018

Conference Session

Student Division (STDT) Technical Session 5: Motivation and Support for Success

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jackson Clyde Smith; Ilham Kabir; Cassandra McCall, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student Division (STDT)

- gineering Education from Virginia Tech as well as M.S. and B.S. degrees in civil engineering from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Mediating Expectations: Understanding the Influence of Grades on Professional Identity Formation in Undergraduate Engineering StudentsIntroductionCourse grades play a significant role in undergraduate students’ professional development asengineers. First, they are the primary indicator of workforce readiness (i.e., students mustachieve a certain grade point average to pass their courses and be awarded an engineeringdegree). The rationale is the higher the grade earned in a

Conference Session

First Year and Cross-Disciplinary

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Gregory J. Mazzaro, The Citadel; Kevin Skenes, The Citadel; Timothy Aaron Wood P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

1peer institutions which have developed common-intro courses to unify their engineeringprograms in the freshman year. In this paper, the authors provide an extensive review ofintroduction-to-engineering courses and unified-first-year engineering programs across theUnited States. A summary of lessons learned will guide development of an introductory courseat the authors’ home institution and position it as the cornerstone of a unified all-engineering-major freshman year.Initial Information-Gathering and Development of Course ObjectivesRecurring objectives for first-year engineering courses at many institutions include [1]  professionalism -- respecting what engineers do and the differences between them, appreciating the history of

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sumaia Ali Raisa, West Virginia University; Karen E. Rambo-Hernandez, Texas A&M University; Reagan Curtis, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

of belonging and engineering identity sometimes overlapsbecause they have some similarities but there are also some distinctions between the twoconstructs. Students sense of belonging relates to their reflection on current experiences andgreater affective components in their majors, like- how comfortable they feel in engineeringclassroom or college. It emerges from the self-reflection of the students’ feelings when theycompare themselves with their peers [10]. On the other hand, engineering identity is theirbroader sense of fit in the engineering discipline, like- the extent student sees themselves as aprospective engineer [14], [15].In an engineering context, learning engineering content also requires becoming a member ofthe engineering

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 2: Design in the First Year: Challenges and Successes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie C.T. Van Tyne P.E., Colorado School of Mines; M Brunhart-Lupo, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Reflective Learning in First Year Engineering DesignAbstractThe current generation of college students is on a quest for meaningful knowledge and relevancein learning, and educators are continually challenged to meet these needs. Students will no longeraccept the necessity of learning copious amounts of technical and scientific information “justbecause.” Faculty often attempt to provide relevance by presenting real-world examples, buteven these are not “real” to a student who fails to identify the connection or usefulness of thesubject.During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 academic years, we implemented a simple, weeklyreflective journal assignment in our first year, project-based engineering design course, whichconsists of three

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mieke Schuurman, Pennsylvania State University; Dennis Gouran, Pennsylvania State University; Laura L. Pauley, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

presenting orally ** .8 .9 8) is able to interpret results for various audiences .7 .7 9) adjusts presentation to each audience and purpose .7 .8 10) displays insufficient general knowledge about the topic ** .6 .8 11) concludes oral presentations by paraphrasing or summarizing the .5 .8 information covered* Factor loadings < .4 are not displayed.** These items were reverse coded so that a higher score meant better communication skills. For example, a higherscore on item 4 means that the student showed less lack of confidence.The employers’ responses

Conference Session

International Distance & Service Learning for Engineers- Discussion on Best Practices

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Swan, Tufts University; David Gute, Tufts University; Douglas Matson, Tufts University; John Durant, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

International

environmentalissues and public health. Many of these efforts have involved projects and/or activities in local(Boston, MA area) communities and provide the opportunity to apply concepts of community-based service learning (CSL) in engineering education1, 2 , 3, 4. There is a growing literature onthe value of CSL as a tool to help students develop deeper appreciation of engineering conceptsas well as to communicate their engineering solutions to both technical and lay audiences5, 6, 7, 8.In the last few years a number of international projects have emerged that have taken teams ofstudents (each with faculty advisors) to locations such as Ghana in West Africa and the Tibetregion of China9, 10. Student teams, often a mixture of undergraduate and graduate

Conference Session

Elementary Engineering

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brenda M. Capobianco, Purdue University, West Lafayette; James Lehman, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

graduate courses in teacher action research and gender and culture in science education. Her research interests include girls’ participation in science and engineering; teacher’s engagement in action research; and science teachers’ integration of the engineering design process to improve science learning.James Lehman, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. James D. Lehman is a Professor Emeritus of Learning Design and Technology and former Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development at Purdue University. He is member of the leadership teams of two current NSF-funded projects, Science Learning through Engineering Design (SLED) and Profes- sional Development for Computer Science (PD4CS). He holds a B.S. and M.S. in

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jordan, Arizona State University; Mia Delarosa

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

challenges across the two projects.DiscussionAlthough we set out to explore what peer-observers noticed about how their classmatesnegotiated communication challenges during collaborative design projects, our analyticprocesses led us to a greater appreciation that communication is a complex endeavor. Not onlydid the peer-observers identify peers’ negotiation of communication challenges, they alsointerpreted their noticings, responding with positive and negative valence that informed theadvice they were preparing to present to their classmates. Designing and observing are bothdynamic processes emerging from dynamic interactions. Peer-observers responded to thedesigners’ communication with curiosity, moving beyond observation to interpretation

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stewart J. Thomas, Valparaiso University; Mark M. Budnik, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #20220Can a First-year Professor be More Successful with a Flipped Classroom thanwith a Traditional Classroom?Dr. Stewart J. Thomas, Valparaiso University Stewart Thomas is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Valparaiso University in Valparaiso, Indiana. He received the B.S. and M.Eng. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Louisville in Louisville, KY. and the Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. His research interests include low-power communica- tion and RFID technology. He is a member of ASEE and

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Perretta; Andrew Deorio, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division

Paper ID #21636Teaching Software Testing with Automated FeedbackJames PerrettaDr. Andrew DeOrio, University of Michigan Andrew DeOrio is a lecturer at the University of Michigan and a consultant for web, machine learning and hardware projects. His research interests are in ensuring the correctness of computer systems, including medical devices, internet of things (IOT) devices, and digital hardware. In addition to teaching software and hardware courses, he teaches Creative Process and works with students on technology-driven creative projects. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018

Conference Session

Active learning in BME, Session II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asem Farooq Aboelzahab, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Tamara Lea Kinzer-Ursem, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

guided inquiry method, students identifyand work through a problem utilizing scientific methods of hypothesizing, designing, testing,observing, analyzing and reporting their results to gain an understanding of a topic whileactively immersing themselves within experimentation.5 The impact of this pedagogy onretention of information and skill development is profound.6 Through inquiry-based learning,students are encouraged to be independent thinkers and build fundamental skills to help themaddress a problem.7-9 Applying this technique within a lab environment, as is presented in thisstudy, is expected to help improve student learning and mastery of skills versus a traditionallaboratory that provides a clear protocol of steps to reach an end goal.10

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Schultz; Darryl Sale; Chang-Hee Won; William Semke; Arnold Johnson

56 minutes of flight. As shown in Figure 2, strongwinds began deforming the weather balloon, which caused the primary mooring line (50-pound test)to break. The secondary mooring line failed immediately thereafter. Luckily, the team hadimplemented an emergency cut-down mechanism. An uplink telecommand was sent from theLabVIEW-based ground station over the wireless communications link to the rapidly risingspacecraft payload. The ground station recorded telemetry data during the entire mission, and datawas still being recorded by the system at the time of payload recovery. The payload container andinternal electronics are depicted in Figure 3. The Scorpio Alpha project team has provided anexcellent starting block for continuing spacecraft