Collection

2023 CIEC

Authors

Xiaojing Yuan

lecture videos and additional learning reinforcement Proceedings of the 2023 Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2023, American Society for Engineering Education ETD 455activities are made available online to provide flexibility for students to review the material andclarify any misunderstanding. Research and anecdotal evidences showed that all these additionaleducational resources improved knowledge retention and reduced misconception amongstudents. It also illustrated the insufficiency of the traditional textbooks. On the other hand, as a“living” document, OER provides much needed flexibility

Conference Session

Technical Session 10: Simulation and Modeling

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jing Zhang, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis; Tejesh Charles Dube, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Michael Golub, IUPUI

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

-Performance Relationships: thermal barrier coating, solid oxide fuel cell, hydrogen transport membrane, lithium-ion battery 2. Physics-based Multi-scale Models: ab ini- tio, molecular dynamics (MD), discrete element models (DEM), finite element models (FEM) 3. Coupled Phenomena: diffusion-thermomechanical properties 4. Additve Manufacturing (AM) or 3D Printing: AM materials characterization, AM process (laser metal powder bed fusion, ceramic slurry extrusion) design and modeling (http://www.engr.iupui.edu/˜jz29/)Mr. Tejesh Charles Dube, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis I am a Mechanical Engineering graduate student interested in structural and material science application in the field of mechanical

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Per Henrik Borgstrom, University of California, Los Angeles; William J. Kaiser, University of California, Los Angeles; Gregory Chung, University of California, Los Angeles; Zachary Nelson, National Instruments; Manda Paul, University of California, Los Angeles; Stoytcho Marinov Stoytchev; Jackson Tek Kon Ding, Marvell Technology Group, Ltd.

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

providing all the capabilities of a traditionallaboratory.The tremendous success of these changes has motivated improvements in other laboratorycourses. In particular, electrical engineering students in feedback control courses at UCLApreviously had limited access to hands-on control platforms. Thus, it became a major researchimperative to extend the concept of low-cost, take-home devices to controls courses. In thispaper, we present the culmination of these efforts: the Science and Engineering Active Learning(SEAL) System, a highly versatile, portable inverted pendulum control platform that issufficiently inexpensive to provide it to individual students or very small groups of students. Thebill of materials for the system is roughly $100, and it

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert A Linsenmeier, Northwestern University; Jennifer L. Cole, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

students shouldlearn about professional ethics, and then ideas for how to teach ethics. Finally, we had a plenaryspeaker who connected teaching professional ethics to experiences in the workplace. In additionto the plenary speaker, we brought in two additional guests who focus on science andengineering ethics to help facilitate these conversations. A report of that one-day workshop canbe found here www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/research/engineering-education-research-center/events/. We followed up with faculty later in the winter of 2023 with sessions on teachingethics, and then in April and May of 2023, we held two one-hour sessions on faculty ethics. Thefirst session on faculty ethics focused on literature and guidelines, and the second on a

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Edwin Garcia, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Page 15.584.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 FiPy and OOF: Computational Simulations for Modeling and Simulation of Computational MaterialsAbstractModeling and simulation of materials has been identified as one relevant skill for undergraduateand graduate students in materials science engineering. To address this need, the course MSE597I Introduction to Computational Materials, aimed to junior/senior undergraduate andgraduate students, has been designed to convey concepts and ideas that address the numericaldescription of the equilibrium and kinetics of materials. To attain the goals of the course, twocomputational tools, OOF and FiPy, have been incorporated to the class. OOF was used

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Paul Hallacher

nanotechnology research programs as graduatestudents. The Department of Materials Science and Engineering in the Penn StateCollege of Earth and Mineral Sciences is working to establish a multidisciplinary minorin nanotechnology. The curriculum focuses on providing knowledge and hands-onexperience encompassing: • the synthesis and manufacture of nanostructures and nanoscale surface patterning; • materials selection at the nanoscale level, including establishing connections between the nanoscale science and the macroscopic properties of materials, structures, and devices; • characterization of nanostructures by surface (AFM) and bulk (TEM) techniques including extensive laboratory requirements, as well as application of

Conference Session

Computer-Based Tests, Problems, and Other Instructional Materials

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex Daniel Edgcomb, University of California, Riverside; Joshua Sai Yuen, University of California, RIverside; Frank Vahid, University of California, Riverside

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

, interactive exercises, and images.In this paper, we consider two types of interactive material: animations and practicequestions. An animation illustrates a concept with moving objects. Typically, ananimation replaces the pictures in a textbook with multiple moving substeps. Animationscan convey many concepts in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM). However, animation creation is time intensive, typically 1-2 hours each. Weinvestigate whether students can make good-quality animations.A practice question provides quick feedback to a student on whether the studentunderstands a concept, and may also teach new concepts. Students have shown apreference to practice questions over reading[8].First, we investigate whether students can

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Design Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher B. Williams, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Yoon Suk Lee, Virginia Tech; John S Gero, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Yoon Suk Lee, Virginia TechDr. John Gero, George Mason University Page 25.619.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Exploring the Effect of Design Education on the Design Cognition of Sophomore Engineering StudentsAbstractIn this paper, we report on progress of a three-year longitudinal study on the impact of designeducation on students’ design thinking and practice. Using innovations in cognitive science andnew methods of protocol analysis, we are working with engineering students to characterize theirdesign cognition as they progress through engineering

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Gene McGinnis; Denise Theobald-Roberts

to design the water tower. The requirements of theimpromptu design contest were that the water tower would be loaded with water and transportedby two members of each team a distance equal to about 10 feet. The team carrying the mostwater over the distance in the shortest time was declared the winner. Only one team successfullytransported a significant amount of water, but all the scouts learned the importance of design andteamwork.A mechanical engineering faculty member talked to the scouts about possible constraints inengineering design. The girls saw first hand the constraint of time and available materials wheneach group of girls was given a set of materials and told to design a turbomachine. The materialsincluded a paper plate, a wooden

Conference Session

Manufacturing Processes and Systems

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Sybillyn Jennings; Sunderesh Heragu; Robert Graves; Charles Malmborg

, American Society for Engineering Education"knowledge and skills to design, build and analyze material flow systems of the future. As a result ofintroducing the CD based tool in materials handling classes, we believe students will have an in-depthunderstanding of the basic principles of materials handling, types and applications of the two majorcategories of materials handling equipment as well as hands-on experience in designing and analyzingmaterials handling systems for specific scenarios. In addition, practicing materials handling engineers,who are relatively new to the field are likely to be major users of the products. The CD could be usedin preparing for certification exams.We anticipate the modules to be used as an additional resource in a

Collection

2007 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Christopher C. Ibeh; Monika Bubacz; Andrey Beyle; Stefano Bietto; Stan Scoville; Dilip Paul; Charles Blatchley

] programinvites talented and interested K-12 students to participate in a 2-week long summerprogram. By mentoring “high school—rising stars” in the science, mathematics,engineering and technology (SMET) of materials/nanocomposites and processingresearch, CNCMM hopes to encourage them to choose careers in the areas of materialsand processing. “Materials and processing” are common grounds for most industries, andthe bases for productivity. “Nanomaterials and nanotechnology” are current trends.REACH-RS is a hands-on oriented program, and provides the students preview andintroduction to college, improvement of communication and inter-personal skills,acquisition of technical proficiency in the areas of materials and processing, awareness ofthe impact of

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Design Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; James Loren Christian, University of Michigan; Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan; Richard Gonzalez, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2011-1569: TEACHING DESIGN IDEATIONShanna R. Daly, University of Michigan Shanna Daly is an Assistant Research Scientist in the College of Engineering. Her research focuses on design teaching and learning and strategies for innovation.James Loren Christian, University of Michigan James Loren Christian is a senior in Mechanical Engineering and Art & Design at the University of Michigan.Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State UniversityColleen M. Seifert, University of MichiganRichard Gonzalez, University of Michigan Page 22.1382.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011

Conference Session

Research on Diversification, Inclusion, and Empathy I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin A. Cech, Rice University; Tom J. Waidzunas, Temple University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

issues that areseen as “political” from engineering work) and the “technical/social dualism” (the elevation of“technical” skills and activities over social skills and activities) that devalue and delegitimate1 This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (grant 1107074; PI: StephanieFarrell; Co-PIs: Rocio Chavela Guerra, Erin Cech, Tom Waidzunas, and Adrienne Minerick). Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.2 The Women in Engineering Division of ASEE was established in 1978 and the Minorities in Engineering Divisionwas established in 1999.considerations of issues of

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in Mechanics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Szmerekovsky, AFIT; Brian Self, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

technique. Finally, references and advice on how to utilize JiTTwill be supplied to potential users.The Just in Time Teaching ApproachJiTT should not be confused with other uses of “Just-in-Time” that is prevalent in engineeringliterature. Other authors use JIT to represent presenting material just before it will be used, forexample in a laboratory exercise or an assigned project. JiTT on the other hand, is a techniqueused to enhance the interactivity of a lecture period by creating a feedback loop between theinstructor and the student.As discussed in last year’s proceedings1, the JiTT strategy reflects recent efforts in cognitivepsychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, anthropology, neuroscience, andeducation research to better

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Genock Portela-Gauthier, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Rosaurelis Marín Ramírez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Paola Pacheco Roldan, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, including nonlinear structural analysis, computational mechanics, and biomechanics. He is also active in engineering education and engineering ethics, particularly in the subjects of mechanics education and appropriate technology. At UPRM Papadopoulos serves as the coordinator of the Engineering Mechanics Committee in the Depart- ment of General Engineering. He also co-coordinates the Social, Ethical, and Global Issues (SEGI) in Engineering Program and Forums on Philosophy, Engineering, and Technology.Dr. Aidsa I. Santiago-Romn, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Aidsa I. Santiago-Romn is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Science and Materi- als and the Director of the Strategic Engineering

Conference Session

Pre-College: Teacher Impact on Student Mastery

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kerry Dixon, Ohio State University; Deborah M. Grzybowski, Ohio State University; Jenny Vi Le, Ohio State University; Carlos E. Castro, Ohio State University; Madith Barton, Ohio State University; Olivia R. Richardson, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

facilitate the kind of engineeringlearning that students need. In continuing to reflect, she point out an additional pathwayto developing her engineering professional practice. That pathway involves acommitment by both university and industry partners to engagement in a reciprocalrelationship with classroom teachers. Anna stated, We need more people to come in and help us. [Company A] is supposed to be a partner with our school, but I’ve never seen one of their employees come into our school and volunteer in our science classrooms. When I think of a relationship, I think of more hands-on things, not just, “oh, we’re going to back this thing with money.” They’re not much of a partner if we’re not able to access all

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Genock Portela-Gauthier, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

Page 24.753.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Initial Results of Implementing Design and Simulation Based Instruction in Mechanics of MaterialsAbstractThis paper describes results of the project “Leveraging Simulation Tools to Deliver Ill-StructuredProblems: Enhancing Student Problem-Solving Ability in Statics and Mechanics of Materials”,which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and carried out in the Department ofEngineering Science and Materials at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez. In this project,design problems that require the use of relevant simulation tools are incorporated into the Staticsand introductory Mechanics of Materials (MoM

Conference Session

Faculty Development II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grace Panther, Oregon State University; Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

instructionalmaterials into the hands of instructors. These research-based materials can directly benefitstudents and in turn, assist in creating globally competitive engineers.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1361417. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.References1. National Academy of Engineering. Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century. National Academies Press; 2005.2. National Science Foundation. Innovations in engineering education, curriculum, and infrastructure (IEECI

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chung-Suk Cho, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; David S. Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Candace E. Mazze, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

integrates new, active learning techniques to engage students in a dynamic, highly effective manner. It also provides students with hands-on experience in real-world constructive ventures, applying materials and methods previously studied in the abstract.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1037779.Bibliography1. Watson, Karan, “Change in Engineering Education: Where Does Research Fit?” Journal of Engineering Education, 2009, Vol. 98 (1), Pages 3-4.2. National Academy of Engineering, “Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century,” The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2005.3. Ibid.4. Douglas, Elliot “Guided

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Trey Shirley, Clemson University; John Wagner, Clemson University; Randy Collins, Clemson University; Anand Gramopadhye, Clemson University

industrial robot formaterial movement, and breadboard electronic circuits. Third, a challenging material handlingdesign project offered a learning opportunity for students to synthesize class and laboratorymaterials in a hands-on team-based endeavor. A comprehensive mechatronic course should helpprepare graduates to meet the product design, manufacturing, material transport, and researchneeds of the 21st century. Figure 10: Shipping container with ball order fulfilled and complete sorting systemAcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation (Grant No. NSF-DUE-CCLI-0632800) for the financial support of this project.References1. Khan, O., “Current Technological Development and Mechatronics”, proceedings of the

Conference Session

K-12 Programs (Co-sponsored by K-12 Division)

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University; Elizabeth Eschenbach, Humboldt State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Page 12.707.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Expanding Girls’ Horizons in Math and Science: A Longitudinal Evaluation of EYH Conference OutcomesAbstractLittle longitudinal data is available on the effectiveness of Expanding Your Horizonsconferences on impacting girls’ future decisions regarding math and science. The purpose of theconferences is to encourage girls to take more math and science in high school by exposing themto hands-on activities and role models in the areas of science, technology, engineering andmathematics (STEM). This paper is based on interview data from 22 high school girls whobetween 2005 and 2006 participated in one-to-one interviews and small group discussions.These 22

Conference Session

Learning Mechanics Through Experimentation

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ethan Hilton, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

is engineering design education with a focus on developing prototyping skills through both class-based projects and extra-curricular clubs, competitions, and activities. This includes a focus on hand-drawn sketches and how they are used as tools for generating ideas and visual communication, es- pecially when it involves the skill to generate quick and realistic sketches of an object or idea. He has also conducted research on the impact involvement in academic makerspaces has on students in engineering programs. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Work in Progress: Developing Mechanics of Materials Skills through an

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph J. Rencis, University of Arkansas; Hartley T. Grandin Jr, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

values to obtain a satisfactorydesign. The design project involves all or almost all topics, covered in an introductoryundergraduate mechanics of materials course. The project is divided into seven phases. Thebackground required to complete each phase is based on the material covered up to that point inthe course. After a topic is covered in lecture, reinforced through homework and classroomquizzes, the project phase related to the topic area is assigned.IntroductionEngineering design defined in Criterion 5 by ABET1 is “the process of devising a system,component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision making process (often iterative), inwhich the basic sciences, mathematics, and the engineering sciences are applied to

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rania Al-Hammoud, University of Waterloo; Andrea Jonahs, University of Waterloo; Vaishnavi Pasalkar, University of Waterloo

’ resilience and self-efficacy is through theconcept of “Science Identity” [6], [7]. This study reports on a community-based projectcompleted in a first-year, University of Waterloo engineering course to build science identity instudents.There are four intersecting dimensions of Science Identity: Competence, Performance,Recognition, and Interest [6], [8]. Competence refers to ones’ knowledge and understanding ofscience material; performance refers to their ability to do or demonstrate their scientificknowledge; recognition is being seen by other individuals of high stature as a “science person”and therefore seeing one’s self as a science person; and interest is one’s desire and curiosity forthe sciences [6], [8]. Typically, instructional models tend

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joao Vinhas, Politecnico de Viseu; Joao Paiva, Politecnico de Viseu

Tagged Divisions

International

Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management students among theirstaff. Still, challenging areas such as Materials Resistance, Thermodynamics, FluidMechanics and Electricity, structurally underpinning the course, force individuals toexperience difficulties in problem-solving that go beyond knowledge acquisition andapplication (Neto, 1998)2. Though the figures are below the national average for technological areas in highereducation systems, and within values for the whole of the European Union, the situation hasbeen addressed through a number of initiatives, such as the analysis of state high schools toprepare revision tutorials and lab classes, as well as seminars/workshops on study methods,and a reduction in class size

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Jr., Hartley T. Grandin, Hartley T. Grandin,; Joseph Rencis, University of Arkansas

Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education Session 1368A design case study of a hoist structure is included at the conclusion of each topic to reinforcethe concepts presented.Analysis A primary goal in this course is to show the student that force and elastic deformationanalysis of single or multiple connected bodies is based on the application of only threefundamental sets of equations: • rigid body equilibrium equations, • material load-deformation equations derived from Hooke’s Law and • equations defining the known or assumed geometry of deformation.The commonality of a general approach to all problems is

Conference Session

Best of the NEE

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Chesney, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

AC 2007-478: BIG FISH II: THE LOST SCIENCE OF STORY-TELLING IN THEENGINEERING CLASSROOMDavid Chesney, University of Michigan Page 12.307.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 BIG FISH II: THE LOST SCIENCE OF STORY-TELLING IN THE ENGINEERING CLASSROOMAbstractThe author has used story-telling extensively in the engineering classroom. A consistentrequest from students in end-of-semester evaluations is to include more stories in subsequentofferings of the course.At the American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE) Conference in Chicago, Illinoisduring June, 2006, the author presented a paper on

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 4 - Design, Participation, and Projects

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anu Osta, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

Paper ID #44508Encouraging Student Participation in Developing Custom Built Lab Modulesin Undergraduate Engineering and Science CourseDr. Anu Osta, Rowan University Dr Anu Osta is a Senior Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department at Rowan University. His teaching interests are Engineering Mechanics, Materials Science, Manufacturing, and Design. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Encouraging student participation in developing custom built lab modules in undergraduate engineering and science courses1. IntroductionHigher education has for quite some time witnessed a surge of

Conference Session

K-12 Teachers: PD, Implementation, and Beyond

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Leigh McFarland Kendall, Tufts University; Kristen Bethke Wendell Ph.D., University of Massachusetts, Boston

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Page 25.1395.13 know really just to see the vibrations through the tuning fork, so that’s why I said there's a few things that, you know, I really did like because I mean they're going to see tuning forks so that was probably one of the things that I missed, that I didn't do.DiscussionThe results of this study show that our participating teachers believed that with theengineering-based curriculum, their students were more engaged in science instruction,more attentive to problem-solving approaches, and more aware of the open-ended natureof science and engineering. The teachers attributed the success of the engineering-basedscience program to its "hands-on" nature, LEGO™ materials, unit coherency,professional development

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Design Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan C. Campbell, University of Washington; Ken Yasuhara, University of Washington; Cynthia J. Atman, University of Washington; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Major Computer Science & Engineering 5 Electrical Engineering 2 Industrial Engineering 2 Mechanical Engineering 6 Technical Communication 1 * In this data set, those reporting mixed race/ethnicity indicated both White / Caucasian and one of the following: American Indian / Alaska Native, Mexican American / Chicano, or Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander2.2. Application of Analysis MethodsConsistent with