Conference Session

Faculty Development Lightning Talk Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, University at Buffalo; Syed Ali Kamal, Independent Researcher

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

for their advancement. Their experiences oftenresulted in feelings of resignation, leaving them to question if the promotion process was worth itat all. Additional exploration of the lack of clarity in the promotion to full process has shown thatwomen were more likely to be suggested to “withdraw” their application for promotion before itwent through the evaluation process, making it more likely for them to do so [54]. This wasparticularly salient for women that studied non-traditional research areas, such as those focusedon issues of women in STEM [54]. The evidence that research done in non-traditional areas andresearch performed by women tend to be discredited has kept growing [55]. While efforts havebeen done to close the achievement gap

Collection

2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Amy Reynolds Warren; Kaitlyn Harp; Narmine Ben Aissa; Eric Specking

programs, especially at the elementary and middle school levels, focus onsuch practical applications of STEM concepts to the world outside the classroom [3, 15]. Usinginquiry- and problem-based learning in a camp context allows students to realize the real-worldimplications of what they are learning and motivates students to learn the material more easily,encourages collaboration, and helps students develop higher-order cognitive skills, which are © American Society for Engineering Education, 2021 2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conferencenecessary for success in STEM fields [16]. Bond et al. [16] further found that female studentsand members of URM groups are more enthusiastic about problem-based

Conference Session

Student and Other Views on Engineering Leadership

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim Graves Wolfinbarger, University of Oklahoma; Randa L. Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph E Michaelis, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, Madison Mitchell J. Nathan is a professor of learning sciences in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Prof. Nathan received his Ph.D. in experimental (cognitive) psychol- ogy. He also holds a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering, mathematics and history. He has worked in research and development in artificial intelligence, computer vision and robotic mobility, including: design and development of autonomous robotic arms and vehicles; sensor fusion; the development of expert systems and knowledge engineering interview techniques; and the representation of perceptual and real-world knowledge to support inference-making in dynamic environments. Nathan also has worked

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brendan Egan, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Stephen Dechant, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Christopher Damm, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

12.330.3the faculty advisor is to provide general technical advice, suggest analytical techniques,recommend reference materials, and critique technical work. The greatest challenge for thefaculty advisor is often to exercise restraint in providing help to the student team; the studentsmust be given the opportunity to make mistakes in order to have a real-world design experience.IntroductionProblem StatementBecause of the growing energy demands of our society and environmental impacts of energyconversion, efficiency is becoming increasingly important. Many of the systems and devicescurrently employed in the energy field generate extensive amounts of wasted energy. In manycases, much of this waste energy is lost to the surroundings as heat. One method

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Research

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lambrechts, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

local areashaving groundwater levels below Elev. 5, and he proposed these were caused by leaky sewerswith relatively localized influence. Further concerns were expressed in a 1914 discussion to apaper by Worcester11.It was the finding of rotted wood piles beneath the Boston Public Library in 1929, and concernsfor the wood piles across the street at Trinity Church that set in motion the major 1930’s studyand the early public awareness of the tenuous relationship between groundwater and wood pilepreservation12. But the issue lost advocates and public awareness with the onset of World WarII, and the urban decline of the 1950s and 1960s. It was not until 1984 when rotted wood pileswere discovered beneath the 19 contiguous rowhouses on the waterside

Conference Session

Sustainability and Social Responsibility

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jessica Mary Smith, Colorado School of Mines; Greg Rulifson P.E., Colorado School of Mines; Courtney Paige Stanton; Carrie J. McClelland P.E., Colorado School of Mines; Emily Sarver; Linda A. Battalora, Colorado School of Mines; Stephanie Claussen, Colorado School of Mines; Susan K. Peterson, Marietta College; Nicole M. Smith, Colorado School of Mines; Rennie B. Kaunda , Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

experiencing the effects of what Cech terms the “culture of disengagementthat defines public welfare concerns as tangential to what it means to practice” [1]. Sheinsightfully proposes that this culture of disengagement is rooted in the “ideology ofdepoliticization, which frames any ‘non-technical’ concerns such as public welfare as irrelevantto ‘real’ engineering work; the technical/social dualism, which devalues ‘social’ competenciessuch as those related to public welfare; and the meritocratic ideology, which frames existingsocial structures as fair and just.” Elements of the culture of disengagement are present in each ofthe universities where we conducted the research. The social/technical dualism animates courseflows at each of the universities

Conference Session

Robotics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhidipta Mallik, New York University; S.M. Mizanoor Rahman, New York University; Sheila Borges Rajguru, New York University; Vikram Kapila, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

, human factors/ergonomics, en- gineering psychology, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, computer vision, biomimetics and biomechan- ics with applications to industrial manipulation and manufacturing, healthcare and rehabilitation, social services, unmanned autonomous vehicle (aerial and ground, indoor and outdoor) systems and STEM education.Dr. Sheila Borges Rajguru, New York University Dr. Sheila Borges Rajguru is the Assistant Director at the Center for K12 STEM Education, NYU Tandon School of Engineering. As the Center’s STEM Educator and Researcher she works with engineers and faculty to provide professional development to K12 science and math teachers. In addition, she conducts studies that looks at

Conference Session

Reflective & Critical Pedagogies

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katarina Larsen, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology; Johan Gustav Gärdebo, KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

is a PhD Candidate in History of Technology and Environment, studying how technologi- cal systems influence society’s view on environment. His research relates to how remote sensing satellites were developed in Sweden and Europe in late 20th century, how these were conceptualized and who had the power of defining the satellites’ application. Johan is also part of developing active student participation in Sweden, and have given several reports and keynotes on the topic. Page 26.1586.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Tools for Transformation – How

Conference Session

Communication as Performance

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lydia Wilkinson, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

for the act ofunderstanding or decoding unfamiliar language and concepts as knowledge is passed from expertto novice. This analogy is less useful within this context as students are transferring alreadyfamiliar concepts between sites.Liyange et al build on both theories to propose a procedural model for knowledge transfer. Theirprocess involves four steps: 1. Knowledge awareness: identification of knowledge worth transferring; 2. Knowledge acquisition: acquiring this knowledge; 3. Knowledge transformation (which may involve translation): converting the knowledge to its new context; 4. Knowledge application: using this new knowledge. [13]While students in our classroom can be seen moving between all four steps of

Conference Session

Trends in Accreditation and Assessment

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Riley, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

) Teamwork, goal-setting, task management; risk analysis; uncertainty analysis (3d, new items)The abandonment of the outcome around knowledge of contemporary issues, paired with thedeletion of the word “realistic” as a modifier for the constraints under which engineers design, iscurious indeed. It is as if ABET wishes the profession to turn away from the here and now, fromthat which is, well, real. Surely one of those realities is the multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarynature of engineered systems and engineering work today. To no longer require that engineershave the ability to bridge disciplinary divides does not bode well for our nation’s transportationsystems, energy systems, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals

Conference Session

Analysis of Effectiveness and Impacts of Graduate Programs: Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Wayne Coots, Purdue University; Sarah Knapp, Purdue University; Amelia Chesley, Purdue University; Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University; Dawn Laux, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Thinking has made an impactin the form of STEM Integration. “STEM Thinking can lead teachers to become STEMintegrators who can teach students how to apply STEM subject matter in a variety of “real-world” inquiry-based learning activities” (Reeve, 2015). Wang, Moore, Roehrig & Park (2011)explain it differently, “STEM integration is a curricular approach that combines the concepts ofSTEM in an interdisciplinary teaching approach.” The impact of this STEM Integrationmovement is somewhat controversial because there is no clear definition of the method.However, STEM educators agree that the goal of integration is to increase STEM literacy,develop 21st century competencies, perpetuate STEM workforce readiness, generate studentinterest and engagement

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Burns, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Bob E. White P.E., Western Michigan University; Azim Houshyar, Western Michigan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

University. His interests include simulation methodology, reliability engineering, application of operations research to manufacturing processes, and production control. Since 1987, Dr. Houshyar has been actively involved with consultation to local, national, and interna- tional manufacturing corporations. A few examples are: Whirlpool Corp., Humphrey Products, Eaton Corp., Checker Motors Inc., Steelcase, Ford Vehicle Operations, Ford Powertrains, Ford Stamping, Ford Electronics, Ford Framing, Ford Assembly, Verson, Automatic Feed, Pratt & Whitney, Prince Corpora- tion, Herman Millers, and ABB Olofstrom. He has assisted corporations in the United States, Germany, Check Republic, Iran, Portugal, Canada, and Mexico

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Courtney Green P.E.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

some of the participants. Ana described heramazement of the capabilities of the electrical components that she learned about in herelectronics class: “the transistors and just all the things you can make with these little transistors.Like it is so cool and there's so much possibilities and there's growth every year [in transistorcapabilities].” When an engineering topic sparks the women’s interest, learning about it in class is notenough for them. The participants sought out to gain more knowledge and to improve theirunderstanding of how engineering topics can be applied in real life. Ana stated, “when I'minterested, I go the extra step and I definitely always like to go above where they teach me. So, ifthey're going to teach me

Conference Session

Flipped, Blended, Online, Oh My

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kimberly Warren, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Meagan Padro, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Chuang Wang, University of Macau

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

that engineering students commonly want instructors toslow down the pace, work more numerical examples, and use real world applications. However,most engineering classes are content heavy so it is difficult to provide students with time topractice concepts and reinforce fundamental concepts in a traditional classroom. Due to paceand lack of time, many students report that they ‘write down now and learn later’. Subsequently,students are expected to practice the higher levels of the Bloom’s taxonomy on their own.Homework assignments are assigned to help students solve problems, implement strategies,and/or demonstrate that they have learned the concepts presented in the classroom. In otherwords, instructors teach the material using methods

Conference Session

K-5 Teacher Transformation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K. Anna Douglas, Purdue University; Daphne Duncan Wiles, Purdue University, West Lafayette; So Yoon Yoon, INSPIRE, School of Engineering Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

things when they are putin that situation. They really are good at relating what they are thinking to each other, asopposed to a teacher standing up there and saying the exact same thing and it not making senseto the kids, so kids do a very good job of teaching each other and pulling the best out of eachother. You know, I was very surprised that some of my lowest kids were my kids that actuallyproblem solved better and in the engineering setting than what they do in a regular classroomsetting… For them it was hands on and it was more real world to them maybe than as the mathproblems that they give…they just just did a really good job of looking at the problem in front ofthem; looking at the challenge in front of them and coming up with viable

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Beyerlein; Denny Davis; Yi Min Huang; Larry McKenzie; Michael Trevisan

graduates. The study did notinvestigate assessment practices within the capstone course.Engineering Criteria now being implemented by the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET) mandate outcome based assessment of graduating engineers’ abilities to applytechnical and other professional skills to solve real-world engineering problems5. EngineeringCriteria 3 and 4 of EC 2000 in particular, require integration and assessment of key performanceskills within the context of a comprehensive design project.For the past six years, a team of institutions in the Pacific Northwest has collaborated to developengineering design competencies for each year of undergraduate engineering education6,7,8,9,10,11,12.To date the work has included design

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Paul F. Hadala; Freddy Roberts; David Hall

many of the students and damaged their confidence, but it gave the instructors achance to help them understand an important practical lesson that it is difficult to achieve fixity inthe real world. A simply supported beam, which was shown in Figure 5, will result in bettercomparison between the experimental and analytical results. Additional information on thislaboratory setup is given in Appendix C. Page 5.420.7Analysis of Thin Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels. A setup to study the relationshipbetween the internal pressure and the stresses and strains in thin walled pressure vessels wasconstructed using a portable air tank, a large

Conference Session

Android TA: Course Automation and the Fate of the Professor

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Allen Toth, U.S. Military Academy; Joseph P. Hanus, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2012-3554: CONTINUED ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION TECH-NOLOGY SOFTWARE INTEGRATION IN A CIVIL ENGINEERING PRO-GRAMMajor Jason Allen Toth, U.S. Military Academy Jason Toth is an Instructor in the Civil Engineering Department at the United States Military Academy, West Point, NY. He received his B.S. from the U.S. Military Academy; M.S. from University of Missouri, Rolla, MO and M.S. from Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA. He is an active member of ASEE and is a registered Professional Engineer in Missouri. His research interests include engineering education, development of social responsibility in engineers through Learning Through Service opportunities, and developing world infrastructure assessment and design

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wallace T. Fowler P.E., University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

real world team design tasks and will perform design team managementfunctions. Ethics in engineering and management will be covered and the importance of safetyconsiderations, and reliability. Students will learn to develop a detailed design needs statementfrom a vague initial design goal. They will learn to carry out engineering trade studies and to workin an arena in which critical pieces of information are often missing. They will learn to makeassumptions, to work on the basis of those assumptions, and subsequently to modify or abandontheir assumptions as appropriate. They will learn that design is iterative and will develop judgmentthat will allow them to compare and evaluate design alternatives. They will learn to present theirresults in

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Thalia Anagnos; Michael W. Jennings

continuing studies in engineering or other professional areas.2. Prepare students with sufficient breadth of knowledge to enable them to practice in a variety of civil engineering areas.3. Provide a practice oriented curriculum that prepares students to apply theory to real world problems.4. Provide students with the problem solving and communication skills needed to be successful and advance in their careers.5. Provide opportunities for students to exhibit leadership skills.6. Promote service to the profession and to society.It is important to remember when developing mission statements and educational objectives that ABET requires thatthe “constituencies” be involved. Thus students, alumni and industry are participating in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda DeAngelo, University of Pittsburgh; Allison Godwin, Cornell University; Charlie Díaz, University of Pittsburgh; Eric Trevor McChesney, University of Pittsburgh; Erica McGreevy, University of Pittsburgh; Nelson O. O. Zounlomè, University of Pittsburgh; Kevin Jay Kaufman-Ortiz, Purdue University; Anne-Ketura Elie, University of Pittsburgh; Gerard Dorvè-Lewis, University of Pittsburgh; Maricela Bañuelos, University of California, Irvine; Matthew Bahnson, Purdue University; Kevin R. Binning; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Christian D Schunn, University of Pittsburgh; Beverly Conrique, University of Pittsburgh; Liwei Chen, University of Pittsburgh; Carlie Laton Cooper, University of Georgia; Rachel Kelly Forster, University of Pittsburgh; Danielle V. Lewis, SUNY Fredonia; Jacqueline Rohde, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

used for corrective adjustments to training and materials in an iterative feedbackloop [15]. As the intervention continues to scale-up, maintaining high fidelity increases ouropportunity for broad real-world effects in eliminating inequitable outcomes in engineering.Observations of Instructor ImplementationOur process to develop an implementation fidelity protocol began among members of the researchteam including members who had developed the initial faculty training, as well as those who hadimplemented the intervention in their own classrooms. We first created a timeline of actions thatmake up the delivery of the intervention. We then used this timeline to discuss the specific factorsthat impacted the quality of each action within the

Conference Session

ECE Education and Engineering Mathematics

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Seyed Zekavat

theinterdisciplinary coursework that is essential to preparing highly-qualified engineering graduateswho will be successful and productive in their future careers [3]. To this end, it is generallyrecognized in the academic environment that an introductory course in EE should be offered tothe non-electrical engineering (non-EE) students. As a result, almost all engineering institutionsoffer at least one “service course” for non-EE majors through the EE department. It is theresponsibility of the academic programs to ensure that these service courses remain relevant tothe real world of engineering that their graduates will encounter.Therefore, in this contemporary context, it is reasonable to ask the following questions

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Karl Benjamin Ernsberger, Graduation Solutions, LLC

involving Arduino circuits and dry ice concluded (Fig. 9).Through her continuing research, she made connections between the weather-focused content ofthe class to carbon cycles, human physiology, and metabolic disorders in humans. She evendiscovered undiagnosed cases of anemia in the student body, which were later confirmed indoctor’s visits. This was a student who, prior to taking on this independent research, struggledacademically for a number of reasons. There were eight or nine similar cases of student drivencontinuing research that resulted in students learning core content out of sequence, but learning itin a more real, thorough, and impactful manner than lectures and labs could achieve. It was achallenge, then, to keep shifting between

Conference Session

FPD 3: Research on First-year Programs and Students, Part I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Brett D. Jones, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Jacob Preston Moore, Virginia Tech; Deirdre-Annaliese Nicole Hunter, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

across the research settings.To ensure the quality of our research, multiple researchers coded the data and we employedinterrater reliability checks. A primary coder developed the codes and initial system ofapplication. A second coder was trained in the use of the codes and applied them separately tosome of the same interviews. The primary and secondary coder compared results. This processwas repeated with clarification and refining of codes until coders could separately codeinterviews applying the same codes with general consistency. The result of these efforts was afinalized code book. Using this code book, a third coder was trained in the use of the codes andappropriate applications. The third coder independently coded interviews and compared

Conference Session

Experience in Assessing Technological Literacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise M Wilson, University of Washington; Cheryl Allendoerfer, University of Washington; Ryan C. Campbell, University of Washington; Elizabeth Burpee; Mee Joo Kim, University of Washington- Seattle

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

recognized,[1]and with the added complications of transnational and intercultural communication thatglobalization brings, even more work remains to be done in preparing students for the real world.Gone are the days when knowledge of basic literacy—e.g., grammar, spelling, structure, etc.—issufficient for engineering writing. A comprehensive framework for literacy must be learned thatconsiders, in addition to basic literacy, more complex and overlapping literacies, includingRhetorical, Social, Technological, Ethical, and Critical Literacy.[2] Cook defines these literaciesas “layered literacies,” describing them as follows: Basic Literacy is the ability to read and writewith completeness, consideration, clarity, courtesy, and correctness, through the

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Innovative Assessment Strategies in Design

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessie Cortez, Texas A&M University; Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

(Wcourses). The goal of these courses is to integrate writing instruction into students’ engineeringinstruction, emphasizing to students the inextricability of writing from the work of engineering.In the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, thecapstone design course serves as one of these W courses. Capstone design courses are anespecially attractive setting for this kind of writing instruction. As students are exposed to thetypes of real-world engineering problems they design solutions for as professionals, they can alsopractice the kind of writing they will have to produce as professionals. Although developing writing skills is important to capstone design students’professionalization

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division: Evolving Workforce and Practices in Modern Construction

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Ogbeleakhu Aliu, University of Georgia; ISAAC DAMILARE DUNMOYE, University of Georgia; VINCENT OLUWASETO FAKIYESI, University of Georgia; Taiwo Raphael Feyijimi, University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

, setthe stage for modern modular construction practices (Akinradewo et al., 2023).The 20th century marked a transformative period for modular construction, characterized bywidespread adoption and diversification of its applications. During World War II (1939–1945),the urgent need for military barracks, hospitals and housing spurred the use of prefabrication atan unprecedented scale (Gutiérrez et al., 2024). The United States and Europe embraced modularmethods to meet wartime demands, producing structures like the Quonset Hut, a lightweight andportable building used extensively by the military (Vanderbilt, 2005). In the post-war era (1945–1960), modular construction became the basis of reconstruction efforts in war-torn regions,particularly in

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Jeffrey Franzone

voltage regulators. FIGURE 4. A typical “real-world” voltage regulator. A zener diode with a VZ between 5V and 6V is used as the reference voltage. A zener within this range of VZ has a temperature coefficient near 0° and consequently maintains an extremely stable reference voltage over changes in temperature(4). The reference voltage is applied to the noninverting input of an op-amp. The sample circuit is a potentiometer that acts as a variable voltage divider. The input to the potentiometer is the output voltage across the load. The sample voltage is taken from the wiper lead and applied to the inverting input of the op-amp. Since the reference voltage remains constant, any change in the

Conference Session

Centering Black Experiences in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne McAlister, University of Virginia; Jessica McDermott, University of Virginia; Juan Carlos Garibay, University of Virginia; Lindsay Wheeler

critiqued the quick fix that might be embraced by engineers at theexpense of more nuanced understandings. Andre instead advocated for larger societal changesthat require an honest investigation of the goals of engineering and the history of race in Americaand its modern implications. Further, Andre said in the interview that engineers should be curious about things beyondthe technical- things like history, law, and society. To Andre, the connection to society should bea focus of engineering, as he said in his interview, “like making sure as an engineer that youcould see that your calculus class is somehow related to something that's happening in societythat's a real-world issue. I feel like that should be a main thing.” For Andre, engaging