Conference Session

Mid Atlantic Papers

Collection

2017 Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Authors

Tak Cheung; George Tremberger Jr, Queensborough Community College; sunil Dehipawala, Queensborough Community College; Steven Barton, Benjamin N. Cardozo High School; Colin Denis, BASIS independent Brooklyn school

Tagged Topics

Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

, Benjamin N. Cardozo High School High school physics and chemistry teacher. Graduated SUNY Stony Brook with a materials science concentration.Mr. Colin Denis, BASIS independent Brooklyn school Colin Denis teaches physics at BASIS independent Brooklyn school. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Cosmic ray detection and magnetic cloud volatility analysis suitable for high school student research Raul Armendariz, Colin Denis, Steven Baton, Sunil Dehipawala, George Tremberger, and Tak Cheung CUNY Queensborough Community College Physics DepartmentAbstractThe QuarkNet is an association of Femi National Lab

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Jens Jorgensen; Lueny Morell de Ramírez; José L. Zayas; John Lamancusa

responses: 8 • 88%say the program allowed them to practice engineering science fundamentals in the solution of real life problems. • 82% say MEEP courses are more fun than typical engineering courses. • 78% believe they now have a better understanding of engineering, and feel more confident in solving real life problems. • 80% feel more confident in their ability to teach themselves. • 93% believe their MEEP instructors to be superior. • 82% believe active learning activities were extensively used in the program; 17% say they learn better from lecture than from hands-on experience.RE

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Jody A. Knoll; Jan T. Lugowski; Nancy L. Denton

engineering (reinforcing design documentation course concepts), and some simplecomponents from the machine elements course.5III. Project DescriptionThe cart-tipper, shown in Figure 1, is a hydraulic unit formed primarily by welding. It containsnumerous standard components including fasteners and rod end bearings. A few fits are criticalto its operation. Several sections appeared to be appropriate subassemblies, and were treated assuch to facilitate drawing package completion. The actual unit was more complex than indicatedby initial photographs, so some simplification was necessary in order to complete the projectduring one semester. The hydraulic cylinder subassembly was treated as a “black box” toeliminate one of the more difficult portions of the

Conference Session

Automation Subjects in Manufacturing Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

programs: the Industrial Engineering and theBachelor of Science in Engineering with Specialization in Mechatronics. The CIM course is asenior-level design-based course dealing with modern technologies such as automation, digitalcontrollers, programmable logical controllers (PLCs), computer-numerically controlled (CNC)machines, and robotics. The CIM laboratory curriculum includes hands-on experiences withsimple digital controllers, PLCs, CNC mills, and robots. PLCs are industrial grade computersused extensively in automation. In this study, we concentrate on the PLC experience. Laboratoryexercises are developed to enable students to learn and to enhance their problem-solving skillsusing familiar design situations.PLC Module DescriptionSince the

Conference Session

CAD Applications in MET Courses

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

B. Sridhara

learned how the x, y and z movements of the cutting tool was controlledby the CNC program. Page 7.1010.4 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright Ó 2002, American Society for Engineering EducationIn 2001, one of our colleagues purchased two rapid prototyping machines through a grant. Oneof the machines operates like a 3-D printer building parts in layers. Each layer is made of 0.004-inch thick plaster-type material coated with a bonding agent. The other machine (Fig. 6) has atool head that has x, y and z movements and machines the parts out of ABS

Conference Session

Student Division Innovative Research Methods Technical Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne Marguerite McAlister, The Ohio State University; Dennis M. Lee, Clemson University; Katherine M. Ehlert, Clemson University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, Ohio State University; Courtney June Faber, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Marian S. Kennedy, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Student

Courtney is a Lecturer and Research Assistant Professor in the College of Engineering Honors Program at the University of Tennessee. She completed her Ph.D. in Engineering & Science Education at Clemson University. Prior to her Ph.D. work, she received her B.S. in Bioengineering at Clemson University and her M.S. in Biomedical Engineering at Cornell University. Courtney’s research interests include epistemic cognition in the context of problem solving, and researcher identity.Dr. Marian S. Kennedy, Clemson University Marian Kennedy is an Associate Professor within the Department of Materials Science & Engineering at Clemson University. Her research group focused on the mechanical and tribological characterization

Conference Session

Technical Session 13: Digital Learning

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jared Dean Mitten, Ohio State University; Andrew H. Phillips, Ohio State University; Kathleen A. Harper, Ohio State University; Richard J. Freuler, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #27384Using Microservices to Modularize Components and Teaching Assistant De-velopment Teams for a Robotics Design Project Computer SystemMr. Jared Dean Mitten, Ohio State University Jared D. Mitten is a Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) major at The Ohio State University and is currently an Undergraduate Teaching Assistant with the Fundamentals of Engineering for Honors (FEH) program. He is a lead developer for several software systems used by the FEH program, including the robot course scoring system and the online robot part store. He will graduate in December 2019 with his B.S in CSE with a focus on

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Cambron, Western Kentucky University; Stacy Wilson, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

engineeringpractice. An excerpt from the departmental mission statement exemplifies the focus: “The mission of the Department of Engineering is to produce, as its graduates, competent engineering practitioners. An engineering practitioner is one who has a foundation of basic science, mathematics, and engineering knowledge, combined with practical knowledge and experience in applying existing technology to contemporary problems.” 5Project based learning was the guiding principle in the development of the EE curriculum.7 Thecurriculum insures that students are involved in project based activities during their entireundergraduate experience. These experiences include lab classes, design classes and classprojects. In addition

Conference Session

Embedded Computing

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; George Bodner, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

mechanisms that govern how materials behave; and therefore be able to designbetter materials. Instructor B, on the other hand, focused on helping students develop amore intuitive feel for the process of designing semiconductor devices by identifying andmanipulating the important parameters and measurements to be considered in a model,and why that is important for circuit designers.We considered as an indicator of students’ recognition of the topic related to thesimulation as having endurance value beyond the classroom if a) students considered theactivity as highly relevant to their areas of interest and b) if students reported that usingthe nanoHUB was a very positive experience. Students reported positively with anaverage score of 3.2 that using

Conference Session

Instructional Methods and Tools in BME

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Geiger, Florida Gulf Coast University; Robert O'Neill, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

presentations containing multiple types of media, because our studentsall go through the same sequence of courses in mechanics and transport, an effort is made toconnect new material to not only where they’ve been, but also where they are going in the future,so as to present the students with a bigger picture of their educational experience. For example,in Biofluids, we will explain to the students that fluid statics draws numerous parallels to twoprevious courses they have taken on general engineering mechanics. Furthermore, inBiomaterials, to facilitate various learning styles, the students become the teachers near the endof the semester, and develop presentations that encompass a variety of different biomaterialsapplications. In addition to

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division WIPS 3: Courses and Curricula

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley J. Sottile, Pennsylvania State University; Abbie Canale, Pennsylvania State University; Yu Xia, Emporia State University; Tim Kane, Pennsylvania State University; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

first-year engineering coursesmight also provide new pathways for transforming curricula aimed at educating the 21st-centuryengineer [14].Mental Health and Wellbeing (MHW) has been attributed to student success in higher education.While engineering undergraduates and their faculty agree on the need for improveddissemination of information, students desire a broader scope, including information relating tocourses and hands-on experiences [15]. Mindfulness training can support the development ofintrapersonal and interpersonal competencies that transfer directly into supporting students'engineering education experience as well as their personal lives [16].Inclusion and a sense of belonging matter as well. Creating learning communities for

Conference Session

Two-Year College Special Topics Potpourri

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jianping Yue, Essex County College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

college a grant in Science,Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Talent Expansion Program (STEP). The goal of thegrant was to improve enrollment, retention, and graduation rates in STEM degree programs.With the support of the grant, we started a Summer Bridge Program (SBP), among otherstrategies, with an emphasis on helping students to improve mathematics skills and pass thedevelopmental mathematics courses. The Summer Bridge Program seems to be very successfulbecause the great majority of participating students have passed the developmental math courseand moved up to college level math and major courses in the subsequent fall semester.2. The Summer Bridge ProgramThe first NSF supported Summer Bridge Program (SBP) at Essex County College took

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - Engaging Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

respond to the Accreditation Board forEngineering and Technology1 (ABET) requirements listed in its Engineering Criteria 2000.StructureThe four credit (quarter system) course meets for an hour four days a week. The majority of theclass sessions are lecture and discussion based. For variety, demonstrations of collected orrecreated artifacts occur frequently. Videos varying length from five to 50 minutes are alsoutilized to augment the lectures and written material from the textbooks.Numerous historical videos are available from sources like The History Channel, The DiscoveryChannel, PBS, BBC and other sources. The selected videos show the students detailedinformation on: the Great Wall of China, early machines, ancient weapons, the

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 3: Best of ELOS

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Shepard, University of St. Thomas; Charles Mossey; Jacob Swanson, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Colin Huntington, University of St. Thomas; Mary Murphy

. Keeping material costs low was part of this consideration andset-up descriptions are provided as well as parts lists.IntroductionInstructors of required undergraduate engineering courses do well by providing examples ofwhere course content is applied in the real world. Such examples allow students to connectmaterial with personal experiences, potentially spark further questions or curiosity, andimplicitly demonstrate both the importance and ubiquity of a subject. Without the instructorexplicitly pointing out connections, students can struggle to see the applicability of the topic.When teaching a technical engineering course it is easy for an instructor to focus on theequations, assumptions, theories, problem solving algorithms and similar

Conference Session

ET Design Projects

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Wagdy Mahmoud; Tom Timmermann; Bonita Barger; Ahmed Elsawy

little difference between the amount of time devoted to transitional, action,and interpersonal processes. This is true within as well as across disciplines. The lack of anydifferences suggests that the group process model used by Business School faculty may begeneralizable to engineering projects.The purpose of Table 3 is to determine if particular media are used for different purposes bystudents from different disciplines. Perhaps the most interesting result in Table 3 is the fact thatengineering students use email to the same extent to complete transitional, action, andinterpersonal tasks. Business students, on the other hand, are apparently more reluctant to useemail in dealing with interpersonal issues than they are in dealing with

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Melissa Shuey, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Sarah Appelhans, University at Albany-SUNY; Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Thomas De Pree, University of New Mexico; Soheil Fatehiboroujeni, Cornell University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student

Paper ID #34448Student Experience with COVID-19 and Online Learning: Impact ofFaculty’s Ability to Successfully Navigate Technological Platforms forRemote InstructionMs. Melissa Shuey, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Melissa Shuey is an incoming Ph.D. student in Science and Technology Studies, at Virginia Tech (Blacks- burg, VA). She received her B.S. in Mechanical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, NY) with a minor in Science, Technology, and Society. Under the direction of Dr. Atsushi Akera and Dr. Alan Cheville, she has worked as an undergraduate and post-baccalaureate research assistant on two

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nader Rafla, Boise State University; H. Shelton Jacinto, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Conference of the American Society of Engineering Education, 2013.[13] W. Puarungroj, “Inverting a computer programming class with the flipped classroom,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, pp. 40–1, 2015.[14] C. P. Rosiene and J. A. Rosiene, “Flipping a programming course: The good, the bad, and the ugly,” in Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2015 IEEE, pp. 1–3, IEEE, 2015.[15] N. Sarawagi, “Flipping an introductory programming course: yes you can!,” Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 186–188, 2013.[16] E. Breimer, M. Fryling, and R. Yoder, “Full flip, half flip and no flip: Evaluation of flipping an introductory programming course,” Information

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glenn T. Wrate P.E., Northern Michigan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #27342Teaching Power Transformer Testing to UndergraduatesDr. Glenn T. Wrate P.E., Northern Michigan University Glenn T. Wrate received his B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. from Michigan Technological University (MTU) in 1984 and 1986, respectively. While attending MTU, he worked for Bechtel Power Corporation on the Belle River and Midland power generating stations. After graduating MTU, he worked for the Los Ange- les Department of Water and Power from 1986 to 1992, primarily in the Special Studies and High Voltage DC (HVDC) Stations Group. He returned to MTU in 1992 to pursue a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering. While

Conference Session

Assessment of Student Work

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. M. Mizanoor Rahman, New York University; Vikram Kapila, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

EV3 base robot.In summer 2016, the project team held a three week long PD workshop for 20 teachers. The PDsessions were conducted five days a week for eight hours each day, providing 40 contact hours perweek for a total of 120 contact hours during the summer. The PD workshop team (i.e., the projectteam) consisted of 10 persons (engineering and education faculty, post-doctoral researchers, andgraduate students) who helped in various aspects of the summer program (e.g., plan, design,implementation, observation, iterative redesign, etc.). Ten teams were formed with one math andone science teacher from the same school. Each team had a large bench to work on, all teams werehoused in a large room, and they operated their robots on the unoccupied

Conference Session

TIME 7: ABET Issues and Capstone Courses

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Karim Nasr; Raghu Echempati; Arnaldo Mazzei

Page 9.1131.3 Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering EducationRegardless of the instructional approach or the nature of the course, an effort should be made tosolicit input on outcomes acquisition during the term, rather than waiting until the end of term.This is driven by the realization that the results of the conventional end of the term assessmentsurvey may be too late to be used as a feedback tool during the progression of a current class. Onthe other hand, the advantage of taking such a survey at the end of a course is that students get abroader picture of class material before they respond to the survey questions. For reference, theassessment survey in Appendix A of this paper summarizes the program

Conference Session

Undergraduate Aerospace Labs/Design I

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Keith Koenig; Emmanuel Okoro; Viva Austin; Thomas Hannigan

typically not been made aware that these courses are directly related to their Page 10.754.4upper division courses. Their exposure in these activities brings them into contact with upper “Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education”division students who make the association abundantly clear. The hands-on learning, coupledwith their participation in work that requires ongoing problem solving and critical thinking goesa long way toward sustaining a high level of motivation for their major. During the

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan M. Hill, University of Hartford; Ying Yu, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

not have a suitable hands-on laboratory experience.Apart from that, Coowar3 describes an advanced course that may benefit with the use of adevelopment board. Likewise, Weng, Zhu, and Cheng6 as well as Amaral, Berube, andMehta5 each describe a logic circuits course for computer science majors involving PLDdevelopment boards.We started the Fall 2011 semester with several clearly defined, achievable goals for ourintroductory logic circuits class that our electrical and computer engineering students take. Page 25.1281.3 1. Largely replace the use of TTL chips in laboratory with CPLD devices, revising or developing entirely new laboratory

Conference Session

Computing & Information Technology: Curriculum and Assessment

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Oudshoorn, Northwest Missouri State University; Rajendra K. Raj, Rochester Institute of Technology; Stan Thomas, Wake Forest University; Allen Parrish, United States Naval Academy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

Computing Accreditation Commission in 2014-15. Stan is a Senior member of IEEE-CS and was identified as a CSAB Fellow in 2013.Dr. Allen Parrish, United States Naval Academy Allen Parrish is Professor of Cyber Science and Chair of the Department of Cyber Science at The United States Naval Academy, effective June 2016. Prior to this appointment, Dr. Parrish served for 26 years on the faculty at The University of Alabama, with roles that included Associate Vice President for Research, Founding Director of the Center for Advanced Public Safety, and Professor of Computer Science. The Center for Advanced Public Safety (CAPS) is a 125-person R&D organization involving faculty, research scientists, engineers and students

Conference Session

Improving the Teaching Skills of Graduate Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Melvin, North Carolina State University; Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

the College of Engineering at North Carolina State University altered its TAtraining program to include more hands-on training sessions in order to better provide first Page 13.1291.2semester teaching assistants with these types of skills5. One such addition to this trainingprogram is the implementation of an experience-based TA training session, entitled “Tips fromthe Trenches”. The idea of this session is to pair an established faculty member with anexperienced TA to provide the attendees with multiple perspectives on how to be an effectiveTA, addressing common fears of new TAs and offering tips on overcoming them.Workshop DesignCommon

Conference Session

Technical Session 3b

Collection

2017 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Kenan William Pretzer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Taufik Taufik, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ali O. Shaban, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ian Hellman-Wylie, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo; Joey Navarro, Cal Poly SLO

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section

2017 Pacific Southwest SectionMeeting: Tempe, Arizona Apr 20 Paper ID #20665Development of Laboratory Experiments for Protection and Communicationin Radial and Bidirectional Power SystemsMr. Kenan William Pretzer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Kenan is an electrical engineering graduate student at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, with a concentration in power systems. His thesis focuses on creating laboratory-scale power system protection experiments for students.Dr. Taufik Taufik, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Dr. Taufik received his B.S

Conference Session

Studies of Student Teams and Student Interactions

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Amy Trauth, University of Delaware; Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineering mechanics courses like statics and strength of materials as well as courses related to sustainability and in- frastructure. Alongside teaching, she is passionate about science communication and public involvement in science. She has been invited to conduct several workshops on communicating technical concepts to different target audiences. She is interested in incorporating data-driven research, citizen science, and experiential learning into teaching and outreach.Prof. Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware Dr. Buckley is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at University of Delaware. She received her Bachelor’s of Engineering (2001) in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Delaware, and

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 4: Design Thinking & Entrepreneurship

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Anjali Mulchandani, University of New Mexico; Vanessa Svihla, University of Texas at Austin; Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University ; Sydney Donohue Jobe, University of New Mexico; Paris Eisenman, University of New Mexico; Ethan Kapp, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

research. Her passions include designing hands-on learning tools and leading public outreach initiatives for STEM awareness and engagement among all levels of learners.Dr. Vanessa Svihla, University of Texas at Austin Dr. Vanessa Svihla is a learning scientist and associate professor at the University of New Mexico in the Organization, Information and Learning Sciences program and in the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department.Mr. Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University Ruben D. Lopez-Parra is a Post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering at the University of New Mexico. His Ph.D. is in Engineering Education from Purdue University, and he has worked as a K-16 STEM

Collection

2011 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Douglas R. Carroll

to thestudents. Using the distance technology must be an easy transition for the faculty.Teaching MethodThe author’s goal has been to teach the problem solving classes in a traditional manner.Derivations and example problems are done by hand using the stylus to write on the digital tabletthe same way the author used chalk to write on the chalkboard. The digital tablet offers someimprovements to the chalkboard in that it is cleaner, easier to erase, and easier to change colors.With a good quality digital tablet, the images are crisp and clear, and the technology willcontinue to improve. Instead of erasing the board to write a new page of lecture notes, theteacher goes to a clean page, which saves class time. The digital tablet allows the

Conference Session

Student Division (STDT) Technical Session 3: Student Innovative Practice

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam J Murrison, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Cameron Wian, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Sydney Kerivan, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Jakob Sperry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Student Division (STDT)

workshops held at WPI’s Makerspace and Prototyping Lab, while collaborating with clubs and organizations on campus to bring new workshops into the space.Cameron Wian, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Robotics Engineering and Computer Science Student Makerspace Workshop CoordinatorSydney Kerivan, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Sydney Kerivan is an Environmental Engineering student at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Worcester MA. Her position as Workshop Coordinator at the WPI Innovation Studio focuses on leading a team of facilitators to develop and teach educational workshops for the WPI community. She is currently focusing on the training systems for the workshop team and is responsible for weekly events and

Conference Session

ETD Poster Session

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Janak Dave; Jamiel Trimble; Thomas Boronkay

Society for Engineering EducationDisplay UnitThe display is comprised of a LCD panel, and a face plate.• LCD Panel- The LCD display unit is a miniature color video monitor, which accepts composite video input and produces a high resolution (234 H x 200 V) full color video on it's screen. The input/outputs of this device are compatible with the CCD and the power supply.• Face plate/Display unit – It was designed using Ergonomic/ Human Factor Engineering standards. (3) The material used is the same as the handle material.Fiber Optic Image UnitThe fiber optic image unit consists of a wound image bundle, and a lens set-up at the proximalend of the fiber optic bundle.• Wound Image Bundle - Wound image bundles are produced by winding a