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Displaying results 17131 - 17160 of 20874 in total
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Pamela Schmaltz; Kevin Schmaltz
limited to 12-16students. LSSU’s ongoing mission places heavy emphasis on a hands-on education inkeeping with its history. Hands-on learning is a proven validation technique in educationand has always been emphasized at LSSU.LSSU’s Introductory Engineering course is a two-credit lecture/lab offered to thecombined freshman class (EE, ME and MfgET), with an average enrollment of 75. Thegoal of the course is to provide incoming students with an improved understanding ofboth engineering in general and their chosen engineering discipline, to show students theopportunities available for engineers at LSSU, and to provide some basic technical skills.The course is intended as a retention tool, a means to educate our customers, a vehicle forthe
Collection
1998 Annual Conference
Authors
Eric J. Addeo
. Page 3.87.9 9Storage technologies to be covered include optical storage (e.g., CD-ROM), erasable opticalstorage, magneto-optic storage, vertical magnetic recording, and silicon memory (64 MB RAM).9.0 Computer ArchitectureThis module will examine generalized computer architectures as hardware structures driven bysoftware programs. It will begin with basic concepts and then discuss alternatives to traditionalcomputer architectures.9.1 Basic ConceptsThis segment will include an overview of the functional subsystems of a computer, includingCPU and control unit, memory elements, and 1/0. CPU instruction sets will be discussed in a“layered
Conference Session
Best In DEED
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Robert T. Bailey P.E., Loyola University Maryland; Billy Friebele, Loyola University Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
mergedstudio art and computer-aided engineering. This course was intended to meet Loyola’s core(general education) requirements in the fine arts area, while also satisfying an “engineeringelective” requirement for any engineering students who chose to take the course.Different approaches for integrating art and engineering in an educational setting have beendescribed by several investigators. Some incorporated modules or projects into existing art orengineering courses [1-4] or labs [5,6]. Others developed new courses that combined thedisciplines in particular ways [7-12]. Still others conducted studies outside of courses [13] ormodified entire curricula [14]. The aims and methods associated with these efforts were quitevaried. For example, Benson and
Conference Session
ECE Capstone and Engineering Practice
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Shawn Davidson; Mark Johnson; Douglas Eschbach; Curtis Watson
Session 3232 Gene Sequence Inspired Design Plagiarism Screening Mark C. Johnson, Curtis Watson, Shawn Davidson, Douglas Eschbach Purdue University / University of Illinois / Hewlett-Packard / QualcommAbstractPlagiarism of digital system designs has become increasingly convenient with the emergence oflanguage-based design techniques. Detection and proof of plagiarism are similarly facilitated.This has long been an issue in computer programming courses and non-technical courses thatrely heavily on text based assignments. However, until recently, digital design instruction wasbased on graphical design methods that did not adapt well to electronic cut-and-paste or
Conference Session
Issues Facing STEM Programs at Rural Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cody Mann, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Andrew Hanegmon; Anthony Venditto; Katherine Ulseth, Itasca Community College; Frankie Wood-Black; Liz Cox; Michelle Soledad, Minnesota State University, Mankato
equipment. Students work on anoptimization project with design constraints from an internal client while learning how to workthrough an iterative design process. The end of the design session ends with each teampresenting their work to the entire group. In reference to the traveling Bell Experience fromFigure 2, one two-year institution has used the design project as a recruitment and outreach toolto meet the demands of the First Nations Launch Competition. Another has used the designproject to recruit to work in their open lab spaces on campus.The last two sessions focus on technical learning and reflection. A unique aspect of the IRE-Bellmodel is the student-led advanced (SLA) courses, which allow students to take control of theirlearning and
Conference Session
Enhancing Recruitment and Retention in Engineering Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Deborah Hochstein, University of Memphis; Shelia Moses, University of Memphis; Daphne Jones, Memphis City Schools
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
, communityleaders, and government and corporate representatives whose mission is to encourage youngwomen to pursue careers in the STEM fields through the use of role models and hands-onactivities. Their goal, and the goal of this conference is to motivate girls to become innovativeand creative thinkers ready to meet 21st Century challenges.The day long workshop was divided into five tracks where students and parents had the option ofattending the track session of their choice. Each student selected from one of the following fourtracks: (a) Engineering, (b) Healthcare, (c) Computer Technology and (d) Basic Math & Science.The fifth track was reserved for parents interested in learning more about preparing to send theirchild to college. Within each track
Conference Session
Continuing Education for Faculty
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, Guruji Education Foundation; Mukund Vishnu Kavade, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, India
Tagged Divisions
International
education).Prof. Mukund Vishnu Kavade, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, India Prof. Mukund V. Kavade is presently working as Asspciate Professor in Mechanical Engineering, Ra- jarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar, Maharashtra State , India. Holds Batcheloe degree in Mechanical Engineering and post graduate degree in Mechanical (Production) Engineering, obtained from Government College of Engineering, Karad. He has published 34 research papers in various Inter- national / National journals and conferences. Authored a monograph on Quality Control. Life member of Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) and Indian society for Training Development (ISTD). He is handling the additional portfolio of OBE
Conference Session
Innovatiive Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michel A. Reece, Morgan State University; Tracy R. Rone, Institute for Urban Research, Morgan State University; Carl White, Morgan State University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
fully operational test bench as shown in Figure 1. The test bench incorporates a spectrum analyzer (Anritsu @ 7 GHz), a power meter (Anritsu @ 3 GHz), a RF signal generator (Anritsu @ 7GHz) and a combination Vector Network Analyzer/ Noise Figure Meter. Students have been able to Page 25.730.4perform calibration and take s-parameter measurements on microwave components usingthe equipment provided. Figure 1. Microwave Test Bench Set-up2.2 Course Enhancement Through Laboratory Experiments EEGR 443, Introduction to Microwaves focuses on wave types, transmission linesand waveguides, Smith chart, S-parameters
Conference Session
The D/M/A of CE
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lindsey Anne Nelson, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
distributedthroughout the session to take attendance so I could verify which students attended.The Learning ExperienceThe learning experience featured several elements of service-learning pedagogy.1 Pedagogically,advocates for service learning argue that service-learning affords students a real-world contextfor learning academic content experientially. Advocates for service-learning believe that studentswill be more motivated to complete tasks if these tasks have meaning in the student’scommunity. According to Zlotkowski,1 for a learning experience to be a valid service-learningexperience, “it must evidence • explicit, accessible learning objectives, • community-sponsored activities that promote civic responsibility, • structured, multi-layered
Conference Session
Supporting Diversity in Engineering
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Douglas Edwards, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeremy Lingle; Jessica D Gale, CEISMC Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
, MA: Center for Human Resources, Brandeis University.5 Chelst, K., Edwards, T., Young, R., Keene, K., Norwood, K., Pugalee, D. (2010). When will I ever use this stuff? Operations research transforms the high school math MINDSET. OR/MS Today, pp42.45.6 Adams, J. M., & Carfagna, A. (2006). Coming of age in a globalized world: The next generation. Bloomfield, CT: Kumariam Press.7 Clarke, V. (2004). Students’ global awareness and attitudes to internationalism in a world of cultural convergence. Journal of Research in in International Education, 3(1), 51-70.8 Noddings, N. (Ed.).(2005). Educating citizens for global awareness. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.9 Partnership for 21st
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Victoria Gallagher; Tracey Weldon; Cynthia R. Haller; Richard M. Felder
1. Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T. & Smith, K.A. (1998). Active Learning: Cooperation in the CollegeClassroom, 2nd Edition. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Co. 2. Felder, R.M. & Brent, R. (1994). Cooperative Learning in Technical Courses: Procedures, Pitfalls,and Payoffs, ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED 377038. This monograph can be viewed and downloadedfrom . 3. Felder, R.M., Felder, G.N., Mauney, M., Hamrin, C.E., Jr., & Dietz, E.J. (1995). A longitudinal studyof engineering student performance and retention. III. Gender differences in student performance and attitudes. J.Engr. Education, 84 (2), 151–174. 4. Agogino, A.M., & Linn, M. (1992). Retaining female engineering students: Will design
Conference Session
Computational/CS Initiatives
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
A. Dean Fontenot, Texas Tech University; Richard A Burgess, Texas Tech University; Vinitha Hannah Subburaj M.S; Debra J Nash, Texas Tech University T-STEM Center
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
on computational thinking has its influencemainly related to the deep connection between natural science, mathematics, and computerscience. The Python programming language was emphasized to demonstrate simulations andcomputations. The modules for the workshop were designed for common areas likeprobability, simulation, and computational thinking. The technical sessions concentrated onthe concepts in the scientific domain through a combination of hands-on activities andsimulation development. The sessions on computational thinking particularly involved theconcepts of abstraction, algorithm, simulation, and the sciences. The participants were alsogiven assignments on developing algorithms for day-to-day common activities like makingpeanut
Collection
1996 Annual Conference
Authors
William T. Brazelton
BlackEngineers (NSBE) and subsequently affiliated with both the National Society of Black Engineers and theNational Technical Society. Although there were these external affiliations, NSBE at Northwesternconcentrated strongly on local issues and the academic and professional welfare of its members. Thestated goals were three, given priority as: (1) academic achievement, (2) professional development, and(3) increased minority participation in engineering. Page 1.33.3 1996 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings Academic Achievement, the first goal, was held highly and was interpreted as the pursuit
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Rhett J. Allain; Jeff Saul; Duane L. Deardorff; David S. Abbott; Robert J. Beichner
Centered Activities forLarge Enrollment University Physics.” A description of the group activities can be found in thepaper “Promoting collaborative group in large enrollment courses” in poster session 1526.The six course objectives for the SCALE-UP courses are:1. Students should develop a good functional understanding of physics2. Students should begin to develop expert-like problem solving skills3. Students should improve their communication, interpersonal, questioning, and teamwork skills4. Students should develop good laboratory skills including being able to design, carryout, and analyze an experiment.5. Students should be able to use computers to look up information, take and analyze data, run simulations, and to develop mathematical
Conference Session
Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Louis Nadelson, College of Education; Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Pat Pyke, Boise State University; Anne Hay, Boise State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
ranging from “1” representing “Strongly Disagree” to “5” representing “StronglyAgree” to assess attitudes toward engineering. We modified the PFEAS from its original formretaining items that focused on general attitudes and perceptions of engineering, and eliminatingitems that were highly technical or focused specifically on pursuing a degree in engineering. Weadded some items based on conversations with engineers and educators. For example we useditems such as, “An engineer would enjoy taking math and science courses more than liberal artscourses” and “Engineering is an exact science” to form two subscales. Our final instrument Page
Conference Session
First-year Programs Division: Retention
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jerome P. Lavelle, North Carolina State University; Matthew T. Stimpson, North Carolina State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
“engineering workspace” that includes engineering life cycle activities as well as other career areas that engineers work such as technical sales, management, government and regulation, and legal. Figure 3: Mapping Engineering Grand Challenges to Engineering Disciplines Figure 4: A Three Dimension Representation of the Engineering WorkspaceFigures 3 and 4 provide an excellent mechanism to message to students about the broadthinking approach to engineering. The general process can be expressed as follows: 1. Students learn about engineering broadly through the Grand Challenge construct; 2. Students critically review their interests, aptitudes, opportunities, and goals; 3. Students understand the nature of the connectedness of
Conference Session
Electrical Energy Courses - Labs and Projects
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yazan Alsmadi, Ohio State University ; Kaichien Tsai, Ohio State University; Mark J. Scott, Ohio State University; Longya Xu, Ohio State University; Aimeng Wang
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
advantages and disadvantages of using higher switching frequencies?E. Lab CurriculumThe lab begins with giving students an introduction to the Open Space structure of the labincluding course policies, grading, etc. After which, students are assigned different tasks thatfamiliarize them with the oscilloscope, function generator, power supply and digital multimeter.Upon refreshing the basics, a lab sequence that focuses on the topic of DC/DC converters begins.This material is covered in three separate sessions: 1) Buck, 2) Boost, and 3) Buck-Boost.Students learn the concept of switching speed, switching frequency, duty cycle, and power lossesacross switching devices in these labs. Each lab is structured so that it builds upon material inthe previous
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship Education: Innovation, International Cooperation, and Social Entrepreneurship
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William Jordan, Baylor University; Ryan McGhee, Baylor University; Brian Thomas, Baylor University; Elizabeth Lemus, Baylor University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
. The technology breaks intothree main parts: the hydro power turbine and electricity generator, the electrical distributionsystem, and the metering systems.The hydro turbines and electricity generators we are presently using produce power levels in therange of 1-10 kilowatts of deliverable power. The water is taken from a stream or river andchanneled into some form of flume or piping system that conveys it down stream to where thehydro turbine and generator sit. The water usually never leaves the banks of the stream or river,but is rather conveyed down the river channel via a different course, hence the name run-of-river.The systems rarely require a dam, as usually a small diversion wall or some other form of waterentrainment device can be
Conference Session
Programmatic Integration of Liberal Education
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
David Robert Bruce P.E., Fulbright University Vietnam; Sebastian Dziallas, Fulbright University Vietnam
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
increasingly large combination of interdisciplinary institutions.Just as education diversifies as it is adapting to the growing understanding of learning styles andsubjects of investigation, there is an increasing need for the plurality of institutional breadth asthe industrial landscape continues to change.Technology is allowing rapid global change; technology changes quickly, people change moreslowly, culture changes even slower still [1]. Specialization in technical domains requires long-term dedication and an increasingly large resource pool to stay competitive. Technical andresearch focused school systems with a narrow focus can leverage industry support throughresearch funding to supplement facility development. Alternatively, recognizing
Conference Session
Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Stephen McClain
Session 3666 MathCAD Functions for Thermodynamic Analysis of Ideal Gases Stephen T. McClain Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham 1530 3rd Ave. S., BEC 358B Birmingham, AL 35294-4461AbstractData from “The Chemkin Thermodynamic Data Base” were used to generate MathCADfunctions for the molar specific enthalpy, internal energy, entropy, specific heat at
Conference Session
Technological Literacy and Technological Policy
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Zachary Foltz, Iowa State University; Amanpreet Kaur, Iowa State University; William Henry Tushaus, Iowa State University; Christopher Sears Mikelson, Iowa State University; Brian Vincent Skalak; Mani Mina, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering
” bill to congress as well as administers many of the environmental and energy laws. Organizations, special interests groups, and even entire industries are spending a large amount of money on lobbyists in order to influence politicians to support particular legislation. The nuclear industry, which spent some $71,405,955 lobbying Capitol Hill in 2004, would get $7.37 billion in tax breaks and projects, including federal funds to construct a $1 billion nuclear plant in Idaho. After a bill is passed, the EPA is then authorized to implement the law by creating regulations that apply to individual, business, state or local government. A study by the nonpartisan General Accounting Office last year found that Vice President Dick Vice President
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division - Innovative Changes to the Typical Civil Engineering Coursework.
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrea Welker, Villanova University; Virginia Smith, Villanova University; Kristin Sample-Lord, Villanova University; Shweta Shrestha, Villanova University
group to report out to the class on the alternatives they selected and the rationale theyused for finding their scores. The classroom discussion is rich and the students are able toquickly grasp the idea of tradeoffs in scoring their proposed solutions to the four problems. Thisin-class activity is graded only for completeness and participation. To fit this content within theexisting course schedule, the new class session on sustainability replaced a previous stand-alonelecture on karst. The technical content previously covered in the karst lecture was broken up andimbedded within the other related topics throughout the course (i.e., in the modules onsedimentary rock, landforms, and geophysical techniques).At the end of the semester, the
Conference Session
Engineering Ethics Outside the Classroom
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Traci Nathans-Kelly, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Kevin Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Christine Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Thomas McGlamery, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
: do the right thing, keep peoplesafe, avoid litigation. It is in these moments when we can see how a personal ethical system (dothe right thing, keep people safe) can work handily with organizational ethics (do the right thing,avoid litigation). Page 15.709.10The second example was observed during a testing session for a supposed failed part at AyerElectronics (see Table 1). This company was responsible for a sub-assembly only; the largerassembly was not working, and the client wanted an explanation and reimbursement forperceived faulty work. It was soon determined by the engineer that another piece of the assemblywas shorting out; it was
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Course Efforts
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Patrice M. Ludwig, James Madison University; Erica J. Lewis
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
instructors and the students.The course is rooted in the social constructivist theory of learning32,33,34 and adopts a learner-centered strategy35,36. Generally, a learner centered strategy puts the work of learning on thestudents and the work of designing effective learning environments on the instructors. Studentsreflect on what they are learning and have some control over the learning environment andprocess. Instructors facilitate collaborative relationships within the course and explicitly teachstrategies important to the course such as problem solving, how to think, how to learn, and howto communicate. The pedagogies adopted are based explicitly on the course learning outcomeslisted in Table 1. The instructional framework is based on the Kolb
Conference Session
Teaching Statics: What and How?
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
David Allen Evenhouse, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Charles Morton Krousgrill, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jeffrey F. Rhoads, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Edward J. Berger, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
retentionof fundamental Statics concepts [5]. Other research has shown that, while graduate students maydisplay more computational competency, the understanding of fundamental mechanics conceptsdemonstrated by engineering graduate students is largely the same as that displayed by engineeringsophomores [6]. Statics therefore plays a key role in laying the early groundwork for students’ongoing understanding of engineering mechanics. Statics is already taught in a mildly accelerated format by many Mechanical Engineeringdepartments. At PUWL, Statics during the Summer semester comprises 35 total, 1-hour classsessions spread over a period of 8 weeks, rather than 42 class sessions over 16 weeks as offered inthe Fall and Spring semesters. Although we
Conference Session
Teaching In and Through Design, Maker Spaces, and Open-ended Problems
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Danielle M. Saracino, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kelly M. Sadel, James Madison University; Melissa Wood Aleman, James Madison University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Julie S. Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
particular focus on concept generation and design-by-analogy. Her research seeks to understand designers’ cognitive processes with the goal of creating better tools and approaches to enhance engineering design. She has authored over 150 technical publications including over forty journal papers, and ten book chapters. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Work in Progress: Exploration of Student Learning in Online Maker CommunitiesAbstractOver the past decade, practices related to online learning have become increasingly varied andlegitimated. Whether it be formal e-learning in K-12 or at colleges and universities or
Conference Session
COED Modulus Topics
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mike Borowczak, University of Wyoming; Andrea Carneal Burrows Borowczak, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
descriptionof accomplishments and remaining (future) work, a list of obstacles (limitations) and workarounds, alongwith results and references. The poster and final presentation gave student groups a final chance atsynthesizing, summarizing, and showing off their work – members of the faculty from across campus wereinvited and attended the poster forum which occurred during the final day of class. The poster sessionconsisted of a 15-minute oral elevator pitch session (1 minute per group) followed by three 15-minute postersessions where students had the opportunity to both present their posters as well as interact as an attendee.After all the work was submitted, each student submitted feedback on the division of labor within the groupand highlighted any
Conference Session
Tools for Teaching and Learning
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Sterling E. Skinner; Eric G. Chapman; Sheldon Jeter
included in theperformance grade equation to enforce limits on such items as Unassembled volume Setup time Initial cube over-height Initial bottle over-heightThe exact performance formula to determine the performance of the design was notprovided to the students until later in the design process because we wished to encouragean unlimited and unrestrained exploration process of idea generation. This designperformance criteria given to the teams during the fourth week of the quarter was Score = 30 a + 35 d + 25 W + C + S − P D wwhere:a = 1 if the cube movement is at least 12 inches in the horizontal direction 0 if the cube movement is less than 12 inchesd
Conference Session
Innovations in the IE Curriculum
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ana Vila-Parrish, North Carolina State University; Dianne Raubenheimer, Meredith College
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering
technical to professional).In conducting the comparable surveys before and after the course, we developed the followingresearch questions: 1. How do companies’ baseline expectations differ in regards to the following categories: • A student team’s ability to communicate • A student teams’ ability to solve problems • A student teams’ ability to develop a design strategy throughout the project life cycle • A student teams’ ability to communicate in various forms • A student teams’ ability to function effectively as a team • A student teams’ knowledge of project management methods • A student teams’ knowledge of lean-six sigma methods 2. Are companies’ expectations a representation of reality? 3. How do
Conference Session
Collaborative Projects in Architectural Engineering Education
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charlie Setterfield, Sinclair Community College; Eric Dunn, Sinclair Community College; Russell Marcks, Sinclair Community College
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
Attend student-lead meetings and interact Page 15.1066.16 Wrap-up event with presentation to advisory teams from various disciplines5. References 1. Boulos, Maramba and Wheeler, 2006. Maged N. Kamel Boulos, Inocencio Maramba and Steve Wheeler, Wikis, blogs and podcasts: a new generation of Web-based tools for virtual collaborative clinical practice and education. BMC Medical Education 2006, 6:41. 2. Ding, 2009. Suining Ding, An analysis of a collaborative studio: Engaging students, faculty and practitioners. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American