Conference Session

Engineering in Societal Context

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan McWhirter, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tripp Shealy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

“Benchmarking SustainableEngineering Education,” states: “Education across and within the disciplines… is needed to make informed decisions on current lifestyles that will not impair future generations, i.e., lifestyles that are sustainable. Engineers will need considerably more awareness of the nature of politics, social processes, and the influence of institutions on sustainability choices; the much larger community of non-engineers needs a stronger understanding of the impact of engineering decisions on societal structures. Sustainable engineering offers an intellectual “commons” where new knowledge can be shared, developed, and adjusted” (Allen et al. 2009). Several examples of new educational

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Innovative Teaching Strategies II

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Alexander, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; NAZMUL RAHMANI, Texas A&M University - Kingsville

institution of mostrespondents in this survey is an HSI institution, aspects of the survey that may impact ourmajority Hispanic student population are of interest. One of the challenges that Hispanics face insuccessfully completing an undergraduate STEM degree is the lack of good mentors that are likethemselves. This aspect directly relates to our survey, and in particular to responses from facultythat are Hispanic (n=2 in this case). The response regarding lack of faculty mentoring citedabove leads to a research question that can be emphasized in the next version of this survey,namely the existence and participation of new faculty in a faculty mentoring program, and howsuch a program may impact the extent of faculty mentoring of Hispanic students in

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); Warren Rosen, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); M. Eric Carr, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Michael Cassidy

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

the Engineering Technology program are beginning to reflect theavailability of makerspace technologies to develop useful products rapidly and at low cost. TheMakerSpace programs and related technologies such as 3D printing and prototype makingencourage curiosity for learning and creating new things and sharing of work and processes withothers in the community of students, teachers, staff, and local residents1. Overall, many differentfields of engineering, academia and artists can benefit from this application, enabling thedevelopment of skill and knowledge in many different engineering aspects and processes.IntroductionLearning should be a journey through inquiry and discovery. Incorporating project-basededucation in engineering technology

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

James Middleton; Cheryl Gengler; Antonio Garciq; D. L. Evans; Sharon Robinson Kurpius; Peter Crouch; Dale Baker; Mary Anderson-Rowland; Chell Roberts; Stephen Krause

schools, teachers, curricula, and the university, and 2) involved all of thestakeholders in the design of the DET courses so that there is acceptance by all parties involved.Success will be demonstrated through the existence and sustainability of the educational coursesand modules in pre-service and graduate education programs, the numbers and knowledge ofnew teachers emerging from these programs, and the impact on their students’ understanding ofscience, mathematics, and DET. A set of recommendations for a comprehensive plan forbridging engineering and education will be developed.This paper will report on the analysis of the needs assessment, the course development, and plansfor integrating DET in pre-service teacher education

Conference Session

Inservice Teacher Engineering Education

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Erin Cejka; Chris Rogers

impact the ways these teachers address the frameworks in their classrooms. Previousresearch in this area has shown that perceptions about engineering and technology can changepositively after preservice teachers took on their own design projects1. Little, however, is knownabout the design processes that teachers use in such projects. Additionally, there is a significantlack of research in this area regarding inservice teachers. Knowing more about these processes,as well as effective methods of supporting teachers during the learning process, will help toinform teacher education efforts.This paper outlines a research project aimed at developing an understanding of the designprocess of inservice teachers. This project focuses on twelve

Conference Session

Outreach: Future Women in Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Donna Whiting; Marion Usselman

Session 1692 Gender Equity Professional Development for Teachers in a Summer Camp Setting Marion Usselman, Donna Whiting Georgia Institute of TechnologyThe attitudes and classroom behaviors of K-12 teachers can have a substantial impact on whethergirls perceive technical careers as appropriate and available to them. It is well documented thatelementary girls are enthusiastic in their pursuit of math and science knowledge, but thisenthusiasm often declines as the girls reach middle school1. Studies of classroom dynamicsreveal that teachers often

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Warren, Kansas State University; Xiongjie Dong, Kansas State University; Tim J. Sobering, Kansas State University; Jason Yao, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

, June 20- 23, 2010.[3] Richard L. Clark, Jr., George H. Flowers, Peter Doolittle, Kathleen Meehan, and Robert W. Hendricks, "Work in Progress - Transitioning Lab-in-a-Box (LiaB) to the Community College Setting," 39th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, San Antonio, TX, October 18-21, 2009, pp. W1J-1 to W1J-6.[4] Millard, Don, "Workshop - Improving Student Engagement and Intuition with the Mobile Studio Pedagogy," 38th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Saratoga Springs, NY, Oct. 22–25, 2008, pp. W3C-1.[5] Millard, Don, "Work in Progress: Hands-On Exploration of the "Big Ideas" in Electric Circuits," 36th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, San Diego, CA, October 28–31, 2006, pp

Collection

2025 PNW Section Annual Meeting

Authors

Jihoon Lim

course. Next, the case study for velocity control is described. Finally, budgetconstraints and lessons learned throughout the course are discussed.Structure of the engineering design courseEngineering educators have primarily discussed the novelty of industry sponsorship in capstoneprojects [5] and the importance of teaching teamwork to students [6]. While some projects aredirectly sponsored by industry, most are based on students' own ideas, which leads to greaterengagement and passion. This allows students to engage in "needs-finding," a key opportunityhighlighted [7]. The literature also emphasizes the importance of effective team functioning, withcapstone courses providing guidance on teamwork. The entire sequence of the engineeringdesign

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Serah Wambui Njau; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; Jacqueline Gartner Ph.D., Washington State University; Paul B Golter, Washington State University; Robert F. Richards, Washington State University; Cecilia Dianne Richards, Washington State University; Fanhe Shamus Meng; Olusola O Adesope, Washington State University-Pullman; Nathaniel Hunsu; Negar Beheshtipour, WSU; Prashanta Dutta, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University; Amber DeAnn Graviet, Washington State University; Arshan Nazempour, Washington State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

equipment that are then assembled, tested and introduced into the class-room. Our objectives are to build and broadly disseminate light-weight, portable LC-DLMs withinterchangeable Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer cartridges with a per-unit cost about that of atextbook ($100 – $200), and study their longitudinal impact on educational effectiveness,recruitment from high schools and community colleges, and retention in engineering programs.We also are developing biomass conversion systems, though not amenable to vacforming, thatare inexpensive and light-weight and which consist of miniature, safe, low-energy contentpyrolysis and gasification units. In this paper we highlight recent progress on the LC-DLMs, aSolid Works image and COMSOL model of a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priscilla J. Hill, Mississippi State University; Yaroslav Koshka, Mississippi State University; Oliver J. Myers, Mississippi State University; Giselle Thibaudeau, Mississippi State University; Carlen Henington, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Fall 2011 semester.IntroductionNanotechnology and nanoscience are expected to have significant effects on both the nationaland global economies. It is estimated that in 2008 the value of products incorporatingnanotechnology was approximately $200 billion globally and $80 billion in the U.S., and it isestimated to reach $3 trillion globally and $1 trillion in the U.S. by 20201.Recognizing the potential impact on the region and the national economy, several MSU facultyrealized that students had limited exposure to and opportunities for learning nanotechnology.Although fundamental topics in nanoscience were included in many existing courses in biology,chemistry, engineering, and physics, there were no courses focused specifically on

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; Lance White, Texas A&M University; Sara Amani, Texas A&M University; Samantha Ray, Texas A&M University; Larry Powell, Texas A&M University; Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Shawna Thomas, Texas A&M University; Robert Lightfoot, Texas A&M University; Rachelle Pedersen, Texas A&M University; John Moore, Texas A&M University

facilitators for other media and book club discussions. IEEI continues thewide spread advertisement of the student and faculty book clubs across TAMU and extends thatinvitation throughout an alliance of Universities to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in amultitude of forms. Future research will involve interviews and surveys of participants toascertain the impacts of the book and media club experience on the educational and work climatesin STEM. In addition to expanding upon the previous work by the authors at TAMU [15], futurework includes collaboration efforts between other universities who are operating similar bookclubs.References [1] J. Trapani and K. Hale, “Higher education in science and engineering. science & engineering

Conference Session

Fulfilling the CE BOK2 - Case Studies

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Larson, Northern Arizona University; Joshua Hewes, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

1semester abroad agenda strained Northern Arizona University's BOK2 curriculum redesignefforts. Without relaxation of the requirements that liberal studies courses must come fromoutside the major requirements and that creation of new courses is to be minimized, four of the“challenging” BOK2 outcomes are not achievable at the prescribed LOA. Furthermore,concerns were developed about the BOK2 curriculum’s impact on students’ future success withthe FE if this exam is not aligned to the BOK2.IntroductionThe first edition of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century1 (BOK1) wasreleased in January 2004. Based on various inputs, a second edition of the Civil EngineeringBody of Knowledge for the 21st Century2 (BOK2) was developed and

Conference Session

Civil Engineering in the Classroom

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luciana Barroso, Texas A&M University; James Morgan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

open ended problems with multiple possible solutions and are designed to emphasizeinterpretation of numerical results rather than pure numerical computations. As such, they serveto improve learning outcomes through critical thinking and evaluation. In addition, the projectteams serve to give the students experiences intended to improve ABET1 and TAMUdepartmental outcomes, specifically:TAMU 1. Ability to apply knowledge of basic mathematics, science, and engineering [ABET a]TAMU 2. Ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams [ABET d]TAMU 3. Ability to formulate and solve civil\ocean engineering problems [ABET e]TAMU 4. Ability to communicate effectively (verbal & written) [ABET g]TAMU 5. Ability to use computers to solve civil\ocean

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

M. R. Foster; H. Öz

have been changes in the student culture. The Course of Study forAeronautical and Astronautical Engineering at The Ohio State University changed significantlyonce before, in 1970, when the university made a transition from a 5-year B. S. degree to whathad become the standard everywhere: the 4-year degree. Since that time, only minimal changeshave occurred.Though the curriculum has remained essentially static, the student world has changed dramat-ically. Sociologists have thoroughly documented many of those changes; one of the mostilluminating is the cultural analysis by Postman1 in a popular account of the cultural shifts due tothe impact of television. Of prime concern to engineering educators are two of his points: (1)Knowledge has become

Conference Session

The Climate for Women In Engineering

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Vivian Lemanowski; Ellen Yezierski; Arlisa Labrie; Bettie Smiley; Dale Baker; Mary Anderson-Rowland

in the engineering workshops by using related activities intheir mathematics and science curricula. The teachers and counselors practice the presentation ofthese modules on middle school and high school young women during Saturday Academiesduring the academic year 3 . The counselors are encouraged to include applied math and sciencein their career counseling and to implement outreach programs to encourage students to considera major in engineering. To further enable the teachers and counselors, they are offered thehelpful opportunity of a one-week industrial internship in order to have a better idea of whatengineers really do day-to-day 4 .It is well known that very few women choose engineering as a career. Among Fall 2001freshmen women

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose E. Sanchez P.E., Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

     group was formed to further discuss the implementation of coastal engineering training asimplemented by the ERDC-WES Graduate Institute, which evolved into the Coastal EngineeringEducation Program (CEEP).The CEEP consisted of classes offered by the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC), oneof the ERDC laboratories, and Texas A&M University (TAMU) towards a master’s degree inocean-coastal engineering for Corps employees. The program was designed such that Districtemployees took classes from TAMU and CERC over a 1-year period. Students spent onesemester on the TAMU campus in College Station, Texas, one semester at CERC in Vicksburg,Mississippi, and took courses and gained field experience at the Field Research Facility, a Corpscoastal

Conference Session

Capstone/Design Projects: Electr-Mech ET

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Andrew Vavreck; Rebecca Strzelec

the FDM to make the parts, which the students can handle anddiscuss.The paper describes • the history of the collaboration between art and engineering faculty; • experiences with EMET students and their use of the design tool; • observations of the impact of the FDM outreach effort; • operation, benefits and limitations of the FDM; • interesting senior project applications; • mechanical properties of FDM ABS copolymer; and • planned future directions for the design collaboration.IntroductionPenn State Altoona, one of 24 Penn State campus locations in the Commonwealth ofPennsylvania, is located in the south-center of the state, about an hour’s drive southwest of themain campus in State College. The campus is undergraduate and

Conference Session

Innovations to Curriculum and Program

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Ocon, Purdue University; Opal McFarlane, Hadady Corporation

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

thousands ofacres of property. Waste Management Corporate began certifying its landfills with the WildlifeHabitat Council to develop habitat management programs on company sites to provide food, landand shelter to wildlife10.The benefits of this innovative program have engaged and energized Waste ManagementCorporation’s employees and the communities where the company operates. Employees andpeople of the local communities come on weekend to work on site programs for variousactivities such as clearing nature trails, conducing species inventories, and photographinganimals. In addition to promoting wildlife and the environment, the company’s program has alsofacilitated employee and community goodwill6

Conference Session

Innovations in Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Jacqueline Mozrall; Edward Hensel; Paul Stiebitz

must be a shift in student perspective from, “we are doingthis project because it was assigned to us towards, “we have identified customer needs throughconsultation with our client and we have developed performance specifications based on theseneeds.”Technical Communication: Students must be able to share ideas within the team as well asclearly articulate, justify and defend ideas with the team, external customers and reviewers.Multidisciplinary Engineering and Realistic Design Constraints: Students must incorporateengineering standards and design constraints that impact engineering solutions across alldisciplines. Thus, students gain an appreciation for how/why colleagues may be constrained intheir design solutions. For example, an industrial

Conference Session

Learning Styles

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Philip Parker

adaptivethan innovative. This “gut feeling” was the impetus for this study, and was based on observationssuch as students’ reluctance to tackle problems that are not completely defined or carefullyconstrained by the professor. Moreover, we feel that a heterogeneous group (with respect tocognitive style) of engineers will be more effective at designing solutions in a team setting in thelong term. Exploring this perceived skew toward the adaptive end of the cognitive stylecontinuum using the KAI was a primary motivator for the study.Assessing the cognitive style of students also presented an opportunity to determine if variouslearning preferences (such as the perceived reluctance of students to engage in open-endedproblems) could be correlated to

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University; Robert Scott Pierce P.E., Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

technology programs have sought to establish the correct balance of theory andpractice to maximize student learning. It is often difficult to overcome preconceived notions thatstudents bring with them, such as the comparative speeds at which objects of different weightsfall under the force of gravity [1]. By engaging students through demonstrations, hands-ondesign and fabrication projects, and physical laboratories, misconceptions can be overcome, thusreinforcing the fundamental principles needed in engineering education [2], [3].Eight years ago, the School of Engineering and Technology restructured its undergraduatecurricula to include the PBL core in each program. Each academic year BSEE, BSECET, BSE,and BSET students experience one or more PBL

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Z. Dymond, Northern Arizona University; Davis Ray; Joshua T. Hewes P.E., Northern Arizona University; John Tingerthal P.E., Northern Arizona University; Robin Tuchscherer, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

who were introduced to the topic in theanchored context of Indiana Jones performed significantly better on both tasks and gave muchmore specific information.Jones [6] investigated the impacts of an anchored career-focused curriculum on high schoolstudents who were at risk of dropping out. The anchored curriculum focused on improving careerdevelopment skills in 42 students. A control group of 32 students followed a traditionalcurriculum. The anchored curriculum included five lessons that scaffolded on one another,requiring students to use the information developed in previous lessons to complete subsequentlessons. Jones deployed 27 videos to anchor the lesson plans, which were shown to the studentsthroughout the curriculum. The videos included

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leonard Bohmann, Michigan Technological University; Sheryl Sorby, Michigan Technological University; Dana Johnson, Michigan Technological University; Kris Mattila, Michigan Technological University; John Sutherland, Michigan Technological University

, manufacturability, and sustainability (d) An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams (e) An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (f) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility (g) An ability to communicate effectively (h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context (i) A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning (j) A knowledge of contemporary issues (k) An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice (l) An ability to use engineering judgment to make decisions relating

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University; Kaela M. Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Caroline Bolton, Bucknell University; Caitlyn Aaron

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

driven, and often novel, educational practices.Dr. Kaela M. Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott Kaela Martin is an Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univer- sity, Prescott Campus. She graduated from Purdue University with a PhD in Aeronautical and Astronau- tical Engineering and is interested in increasing classroom engagement and student learning.Dr. Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University Dr. Adam Carberry is an associate professor at Arizona State University in the Fulton Schools of Engi- neering, The Polytechnic School. He earned a B.S. in Materials Science Engineering from Alfred Univer- sity, and received his M.S. and Ph.D., both from Tufts

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan Ita, The Ohio State University; Laine Rumreich, The Ohio State University; Krista Kecskemety, The Ohio State University; Rachel Kajfez, The Ohio State University

KEEN network is optional and as such, not allinstructors received the same education on the foundational ideas of EML nor consistent instruction on how toencourage the mindset with their students. Due to the similar nature of our internal PLCs as optional, PLCparticipants articulated a need for consistent training and shareable content with their colleagues and TAs. Anecdotesand discussions from our PLCs have also led to a shift in how we define and approach EML. For these reasons, weaimed to create EM training that would be accessible to all members of the instructional team from the faculty to theTA level. Our goal was that this training would communicate the OSU College of Engineering’s unique vision of EMand better prepare instructional

Conference Session

Assessing Teaching & Learning

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Stetler; Stuart Kellogg

utilized for the first time during the fall 2003 term, has provided a mechanism to track andmonitor long-term student progression. Further future assessment of student performance inspecific areas of the curriculum will have direct impact to curricular reform across thedisciplines. This will no doubt remain an important assessment and evaluation tool.With regards to technical writing, this report documents the first attempt on our campus to use across-disciplinary approach to assessment through the use of the campus writing rubric.Although this rubric originated in the Journal of Engineering Education, it was modified by theEnglish faculty for general campus use. Having good utility for this purpose, it failed toadequately provide the engineering

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammed BOUGAA, CentraleSupelec and EISTI; Stefan Bornhofen, EISTI; Alain RIVIERE, SUPMECA; JEAN-CLAUDE TUCOULOU, AFIS ASSOCIATION FRANCAISE D'INGENIERIE SYSTEME

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

, including the educator, have a complete overview of their progress at any time, and they are able to annotate and exchange work. • 3D virtual models (4): The shared workspace gives access to the 3D models that can be used as primitive elements in the design process. These models may already exist in the physical world, or they can be 3D-printed to assemble the final system-of-interest. As illustrated by (6), students are able to interact with the shared workspace, both in 2D and 3D modes, depending on the nature of their task. • Collaboration (5): Using the collaborative virtual environment, students and educators can communicate and exchange through a chat or video-conferencing system.The physical environmentThe

Conference Session

Multimedia Arena

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

William Meador; Amit Chourasia

theplane at several resolutions so the simulation could be run for efficiency and accuracy. A secondary goal of the collaboration between Sozen, Kilic, and the Envision Center wasto be able to output the simulation in a meaningful way that would allow it to be visually realisticand engaging. Other participating faculty and graduate students of the Envision Center werebrought into the project in order to take on this second task as the simulations were beingexecuted. Dr. Voicu Popescu, of Computer Science and the Center, worked with Hoffmann tobegin developing a process for translating the FEA data into a 3D animation application to renderit in a realistic manner. Discreet’s 3ds max was chosen because it was familiar to Popescu

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Z. Yuan; T. Tang; Pratibha Gopalam; N. Liu; Chu R. Wie; Alexander N. Cartwright

State University of New York at Buffalo since August 1995. In1998, he received a NSF CAREER Award that supports his research on GaN based optoelectronic devices and hiseducational activities. He is Associate Director of the Center for Active Learning of Microelectronics andPhotonics.PRATIBHA GOPALAM : Pratibha Gopalam is a graduate student in the Electrical Engineering Department at theState University of New York at Buffalo. She is a member of the group developing educational Java applets at theCenter for Active Learning of Microelectronics and Photonics. She received her undergraduate degree in Electronicsand Communication Engineering from Bangalore University, India, in 1997. She worked as a software engineer forHewlett Packard India

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Scott, Morgan State University; Petronella A. James, Morgan State University; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Jumoke O. Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

inthis study. A two-plus-two approach avoids the need for an institution wide conversion of allrequired courses. Among other findings from a survey taken, the most salient issue facing facultycourse builders was the extraordinary time commitment needed to complete course certification.On the other hand, this teaching option has great appeal to working professionals in that itaffords a greater degree of flexibility by not having to meet and commute at scheduled timesduring the course of a week. The impact on the rate at which students matriculated has beenencouraging. Students are able to complete more courses over the summer resulting insynchronizing larger cohorts of upper-class students. Special care must be taken, however, toassess a