Conference Session

Promoting Multidisciplinary Efforts

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

and published as ResearchHighlights newsletter after an editorial process to promote and advertise the research conductedwithin the university.Interdisciplinary approach for research has also been applied to education at the authors’institution. Two undergraduate course curricula have been have been redeveloped to incorporatesignificant project elements and engaged learning tools to enhance student learning andexperience. One engineering course dealing with product and tool design is delivered incollaboration with Media Arts and Marketing departments. The other course in softwareengineering is now taught through discussions of assigned case studies and scenarios drawn fromindustry.This paper summarizes the design of Research Conversations

Conference Session

Track: Special Topic - Computing & Technology Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Claudio Vignola, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Nicholas Flowers, Arizona State University; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Special Topic: Computing & Technology

Paper ID #24992Engineering a New Reality: Using virtual reality to cultivate inclusive mind-sets among engineering facultyClaudio Vignola, Arizona State Univ. Poly Claudio is a Bachelor and Master Engineering student at Arizona State University that enjoys human interaction and it is currently interested in having an impact on culture and society. He considers himself a practical aesthete since he has a major appreciation for arts and beauty but he also values the usefulness of things. Claudio aims for his work to be meaningful and he is passionate about having an impact on other people lives. He is currently working at

Conference Session

Trends in Construction Engineering Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muge Mukaddes Darwish, Texas Tech University T-STEM Center; Mary Frances Agnello, Texas Tech

Tagged Divisions

Construction

informed citizens who areresponsible to their professions, communities, posterity and the world.A new course was developed by Dr. Darwish focuses on theoretical and practical applicationsthat utilize and implement Green construction practices. An Introduction to Green Developmentand Construction course, at the undergraduate and graduate level offered in spring 2009, whichwas the first course in the College of Engineering in Texas Tech university to be offered toeducate students in sustainable development and green construction principles and thought as aninterdisciplinary approach to engineering, architecture, and construction management. Using aninterdisciplinary approach to teach is a very positive manner in which to teach constructioncourses

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Heun, Calvin College; Steven VanderLeest, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

produced 86 books that were deemed to be relevant to the energy grandchallenge. Of these, many (43%) are devoted to a single renewable energy technology. Many(45%) books were deemed to either lack significant information on societal impacts of energy orneglect societal issues at the expense of engineering design content. Finally, only 4 of 86 bookscould be considered textbooks suitable for undergraduate education with homework problemsand detailed examples to assist student learning and instructor preparation. In the end, notextbooks simultaneously meet criteria (a), (b), and (c) above. Why the disconnect between educational needs and educational resources?The above sections indicate that a disconnect exists between educational needs for the

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University; Ian Gravagne, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

freshman from across the campus, housed them together, sponsored co- andextracurricular activities built community and engagement with faculty, and will keep the group(faculty and students) together for 2 years while studying an interdisciplinary academic subject.Students will study energy, how it is produced and used, and its societal impact. A full spectrumof academic and social activities will transpire, culminating with 4th semester sponsored researchprojects within the ELG theme, “The campus as an energy-efficiency and alternative-energy Page 13.491.14laboratory.”The project will also support a rigorous and in-depth assessment of four

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 1: Online or Remote Teaching and Curricular Developments

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Dennis Dahlquist, California State University, Sacramento

, take measurements, and analyze the results effectively.The activities are good examples of pedagogical effectiveness for sophomore level engineeringstudents. In this paper, structure or each module contest and example of a module are presenter.Also students’ performances are analyzed and assessed whether the students have achieved thelearning goals or if there is an impact made, depending on the changes of the students'motivations and attitudes.Organization of the Module ContentThe plan is to improve learning by providing engaging interactive accessible resources forstudents, including narrative explanations, examples and embedded exercises with self-testsusing MATLAB tools. These learning materials are available online [5]. We have

Conference Session

Innovative College-Industry Partnerships for the Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

benefits for allinvolved. Industry can benefit by gaining access to university facilities and its human resources,and by receiving the services and products that faculty and staff generate. In turn, jointcollaboration can provide the College with additional revenue and access to industrial equipmentand setups not available on campus. Successful ventures also help overcome the complaintsabout engineering education: lack of hands-on experience, not enough teamwork, and textbookproblems rather than real-world applications. Students’ involvement in such collaborative effortscan boost their self-confidence and help in improving their communication skills. Jointundertakings could provide professional development to faculty members as well- by

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Yao, East Carolina University; Loren Limberis, East Carolina University; Steve Warren, Kansas State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

indicated in [11], two sets of very similar labels on the breadboard strip confused some students and made their independent laboratory harder. The connections required to use the virtual function generator and oscilloscope were not clear. These issues added an extra level of complexity to the tool use and did not help students who had extremely limited experience in circuit prototyping. Poor Support Outside of the Classroom: The authors anticipated that it would be hard to provide students with help when they work off campus. It was worse. With the hope of building a virtual learning community, the instructor agreed to use Facebook and Skype (as the students requested) as the primary

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deng Cao, Central State University; Zhiqiang Wu, Wright State University; Bin Wang, Wright State University; Chi-Hao Cheng, Miami University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

and machine learning. .Dr. Zhiqiang Wu, Wright State University Dr. Zhiqiang Wu received his BS from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 1993, MS from Peking University in 1996, and PhD from Colorado State University in 2002, all in electrical engineering. He has worked at West Virginia University Institute of Technology as assistant professor from 2003 to 2005. He joined Wright State University in 2005 and currently serves as full professor. Dr. Wu is the author of national CDMA network management standard of China. He also co-authored one of the first books on multi-carrier transmission for wireless communication. He has published more than 100 papers in journals and conferences. He has

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Kathryn Jablokow

State Great Valley is aspecial-mission campus in the Penn State University system, tasked with serving the adultlearning community in the Philadelphia region. Since its introduction in 1998, Invention andCreative Design has been incorporated into several modules that support the Systems andSoftware Engineering degrees. It may be taken as part of a core skill-based module, which alsoincludes courses in communication and project management, or it may form one leg of a modulethat focuses on innovation and change. Other courses in the innovation module includeCreativity, Innovation, and Change and Engineering Ethics (both developed by this author).Invention and Creative Design also remains open to all students in the School’s three

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alandra Kahl, Pennsylvania State University, Greater Allegheny

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Theinitiative was assessed by participant engagement with the topics and qualitative journalresponses to the discussion prompts.Our effort for this project consists of two main goals: Goal 1: To encourage female students to remain in STEM fields through supportivedialogue. Goal 2: To promote collaboration, self-efficacy and leadership while providing strategiesfor females to change the culture.Each of these goals are in line with new ABET criteria focused on educating the “wholeengineer.” To measure our progress toward these goals, we have begun to capture studentengagement via qualitative journal responses. In the future, we plan an additional survey and alimited number of interviews about the project. Journal data is derived from

Collection

2025 PNW Section Annual Meeting

Authors

Naga Korivi; Maurice Gunderson

integrating entrepreneurship content into theircurricula while meeting accreditation requirements. Addressing this, we report our observationsfrom integrating an entrepreneurship lecture module in the capstone senior project course at theOregon Institute of Technology's Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy Department. Thelecture module covered entrepreneurship topics such as bringing products to the market, costanalysis, and included an interactive group discussion. The module's impact on student learningwas evaluated through pre- and post-lecture assessment. Analysis indicated a positive impact onthe students who reported gaining knowledge on entrepreneurship concepts. All the studentsincorporated a key entrepreneurship concept in their

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lynne A Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lizabeth L Thompson P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Jane L. Lehr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Bridget Benson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Andrew Danowitz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; John Y Oliver, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

makes it difficult for CPE faculty and staff as they work to build asense of identity, community, and culture in the CPE department.This current condition provides an opportunity for change: Change that leads to newknowledge on transforming a department culture to be inclusive, innovative, equitable, andsupportive of faculty and students; change that is woven into new department policies,procedures, and practices; change that creates a new culture and learning modes thatbreak the sociotechnical binary across the CPE core curriculum; change that affects bothFTF and our growing transfer student population.This change is the focus of our NSF RED Grant, Breaking the Binary. Our aim is not only tomove beyond the historic CS-EE binary that has held

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Kevin A. Waters P.E., Villanova University; Virginia Smith, Villanova University

decisions, and educate projectstakeholders in innovative ways through graphical communication. A variety of active-learningtechniques are utilized in the course, following a hierarchy where activities progressivelyincrease in level of complexity and instructor guidance. Interactive demonstrations in thesoftware introduce concepts and GIS tools, then scripted tutorials require students to use GIS towork through a guided project that is framed within the context of a real civil engineeringproblem and based on real data sets. As skills are developed, tasks become less guided,promoting students to think independently about how to utilize the software to accomplishspecified outcomes without being told the exact process. This higher level of learning is

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4 - Global South Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte; Sallie Turnbull, Clemson University; Tim Guggisberg, Clemson University; Juan Dobarganes

has chaired several sessions and international meetings on Carbon and/or Electrokinetics within the Electrochemical Society, Society for Hispanic Professional Engineers and AES. He was the recipient of the Public Impact fellowship at UC Irvine in 2010, in 2019 both Junior Faculty Eastman Award for Excellence in Mechanical Engineering, and the Esin Gulari Leadership and Service Award in CECAS at Clemson University, and in 2021, the Impact Award from the Hispanic Latinx Heritage Month at CU.Sallie Turnbull Sallie Turnbull is the Director of Internships and Career Programming at API, a company providing experiential education for high school, undergraduate and graduate students. Sallie has been working in the field of

Conference Session

Technical Session M5A

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Sean P Brophy, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); John H Cole, Purdue University; Srinivas Mohan Dustker, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); William C. Oakes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Full Papers

teams. The Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)program engages students in community-based design teams for one or two credits per semester.The other program, Vertically Integrated Projects (VIP), engages students in researchexperiences, industry sponsored projects and competition-based projects, also can be taken forone or two credits. In this pathway, the design and teamwork aspects of the introductoryengineering courses are developed within the EPICS or VIP courses as students participate overtwo semesters but do not formally address the computation foundation. The computationrequirements are assessed as part of ENGR 133 course. Figure 1. Pathways to meet first-year engineering credits at Purdue UniversityTheoretical

Conference Session

Krusty's Creations: Robotics and Electronics in Springfield STEAM, Hey Hey!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman Henry Philipp P.E., Ed.S., Pittsburg State University; Randy Winzer, Pittsburg State University; Byron Keith McKay

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

experience.Additionally, the AIR Program is committed to accessibility and inclusivity through ongoingefforts to develop a mobile roadshow version of the workshops [3]. This concept aims to bringrobotics educational opportunities to underrepresented communities by condensing the programinto a four to six-hour format. Beta-testing in October 2022 highlights the program's dedicationto expanding access to STEAM education [3].This paper provides a comprehensive review of the ongoing AIR Program, focusing on summeryouth workshops, the AIR Teacher Workshop, and the mobile roadshow. Metrics on studentdemographics and STEAM topic exposure underscore the program's impact in fostering STEAMliteracy and innovation among young learners. The paper emphasizes the program's

Conference Session

Evidence-based Practices in Faculty Development

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katie Cadwell, Syracuse University; Michelle M. Blum, Syracuse University; Julie M. Hasenwinkel, Syracuse University; Carol Elizabeth Stokes-Cawley, Syracuse University

Tagged Topics

Faculty Development Constituency Committee

professional development. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 A Gateway Course Redesign Working Group ModelAbstractAs is described in this Evidence-Based Practice Paper, a grant-supported team in the College ofEngineering and Computer Science at Syracuse University provides professional developmentopportunities for our engineering and computer science faculty that focus on improving thequality of instruction. The team seeks to provide an engaging engineering educationalexperience for our undergraduates to improve both our retention and graduation rates, thuskeeping these students in the engineering pipeline. One of the major goals of the team is to helpfaculty implement best practices, in the

Conference Session

Digital Technologies and Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Ben Uriel Sherrett, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

as possible, without assuming one student’s road map for learning is identical to anyone else's” 15Regardless of the subtle differences in structure of the models listed above, review of theliterature clearly points to a consensus in the education community; when instructional methods,including assessment and feedback, can be constructed to address individual student needs,learning increases.Authentic, Industrially Situated LearningLearning has also been shown to increase when students engage in authentic projects. Theadvantages of authentic, situated learning environments have been described by severalresearchers, some of which are highlighted in the NRC report How People Learn,16 and areinterpreted relative to engineering by Prince

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anna C Tanguma-Gallegos, Arizona State University; Caroline VanIngen-Dunn, Arizona State University; Cynthia Kay Pickering, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

collaboration systems research. Cynthia is currently studying Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology in the School for the Future of Innovation in Society in ASU’s College of Global Futures. She practices Socio-technical Integration Research as an embedded social scientist who collaboratively works with technologists (STEM students, STEM faculty, and Tech Com- panies) to increase reflexive learning during technology development and implementation to pro-actively consider the impact of technology decisions on local communities and society at large. This work creates spaces and processes to explore technology innovation and its consequences in an open, inclusive and timely way

Conference Session

Best in DEED

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Isil Anakok, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Umair Shakir, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

in engineering courses in curriculum. Theprocess knowledge component is where engineering ethics matters in design courses because itfocuses on how students apply their material knowledge in their practices and how they makedecisions during the design process. Moreover, process knowledge can be more subjective andimplicate moral judgments while material knowledge may not be related to ethics directly. Thus,engineering ethics and design can be linked to process knowledge and considered together.Bringing ethics into the design process helps students identify ethical issues, and holisticallysolve problems with a consideration of societal impact [6]. Thus, the design process should beconceptualized, and ethical questions should be addressed

Conference Session

FPD and DEEDs Joint Postcard Sessions

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Daniels; Sophia T. Santillan, Duke University; Ann Saterbak, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education, First-Year Programs

engineering projects course at theUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Knight et al. found that students who took the coursedemonstrated increased retention when compared with their peers who did not take the course [3].When Knight et al. discussed possible explanations for this increased retention, they attributed itto “the impact of active hands-on pedagogy, creation of student learning communities, an earlyexperience on the human side of engineering, self-directed acquisition of knowledge by students,instructor mentoring, and the success orientation of the course” [3]. It has been shown that ifstudents have a strong, positive conviction about their knowledge in engineering, then they aremore likely to succeed academically in the specific subject, as

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Seyram Kwame; Jay McAllister III

training due to demanding schedules. VR environments, by contrast, provide thebenefits of self-paced learning with immediate feedback, aligning with students' technologicalcomfort, and preference for flexible learning.In the late spring and summer 2024, the engineering and honors college librarian the emergingtechnologies graduate assistant at the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville Mullins Libraryexplored two VR applications for soft skills development with a focus on helping engineeringstudents. At present, engineering disciplines do not emphasize soft skills development whencompared to other concentrations [4], [5] especially in areas where communication is paramount.These communication subsets consist of writing, presentation, empathy, and non

Conference Session

INDUSTRY DAY SESSION: CMC PANEL SESSION TWO

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rick I Zadoks, Caterpillar Inc.; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Corporate Member Council

the IAC community idealized several beneficial outcomesassociated with developing this new course including: 1) establishing a foundation ofcollege/industry collaborative graduate level course work that supported the concerns of industryfacing stakeholders and beyond, and 2) offering engineering education students a unique area ofresearch specialization focused on life-long learning and engineering practice in Industry. Thecreation and assessment of this course however moved beyond the initial objectives idealized. Inretrospect, this course development project serves as a means for evaluating oneindustry/academic partnership through the lens of a Six Sigma orientation, by way of a sharedexperience.Review of LiteratureA scant number of

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Pedagogical Innovations

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate Manion, Northwestern University; Jordan Denzler, Northwestern University; Tyson Matthew Strong, Northwestern University; David P O'Neill, Northwestern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

efforts through which morewelcoming office hour environments may be created. The importance of peer presence suggestspotential benefits from group office hours or structured peer support during office hours. Thelimited recognition of broader professional development benefits indicates an opportunity throughwhich the full value proposition of office hours might be better communicated to students.The success of the inclusive office hours intervention in reducing intimidation barriers suggeststhat meaningful impacts on student engagement can be achieved through relativelystraightforward changes to office hour implementation. However, the persistence of logisticalbarriers indicates that multiple approaches, potentially including hybrid delivery

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Kenneth J. Williamson, Oregon State University; Jeffrey A. Nason, Oregon State University; Goran Jovanovic Ph.D., Oregon State University; Chih-hung Chang, Oregon State University; Adam Z. Higgins, Oregon State University; Craig M. Gates, Oregon State University; Richard Mark Roehner, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

State University. We will provide a description of the studio approach, and analysis ofstudent perception of the first quarter of the widespread studio implementation in three classes:material balances, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. We will also comment on theadministrative support and department culture needed for this type of curricular innovation.The foundation of the studio architecture is based on the demonstrated effectiveness of activelearning pedagogies from the physics education research community. These methods seek topromote a substantially higher level of engagement from students during in-class times. In arecent study, Deslauriers et al.1 studied the effectiveness of active learning reform pedagogiesusing a split design

Conference Session

K-12 Teacher Professional Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith A. Schimmel, North Carolina A&T State University; Muktha Jost, North Carolina A&T State University; Tyrette Sherlone Carter, North Carolina A&T State University; Shawn Raquel Watlington, North Carolina A&T State University; Terrie Ruth McManus, Ragsdale High School, Guilford County Schools; Solomon Bililign, North Carolina A&T State University; Terry White Worrell, Guilford County Schools; Yuh-Lang Lin, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

number of students who take higher level mathematics courses and pursue careers in mathematics and the sciences.Mrs. Shawn Raquel Watlington, North Carolina A&T State University Shawn Raquel Watlington is Director of K-20 Engagement & Professional Development within the NC A&T Office of University Outreach, where she is responsible for developing and implementing K-12 youth, teacher professional development, and parent/community events.Ms. Terrie Ruth McManus, Ragsdale High School, Guilford County Schools Terrie Ruth McManus is an earth/environmental science teacher at Ragsdale High School in Jamestown, N.C. Prior to moving to the Greensboro area, she was a lab instructor at NC State University where she

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Karen Davis

Page 9.978.5 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ø 2004, American Society for Engineering Educationappear to be having an impact on communication skills and appreciation for lifelonglearning.2.1.3. Importance vs. Outcomes ScatterplotsThe scatterplot given in Figures 3 plots the average scores for importance of an outcomeon the y-axis and achievement (skill) for the outcome on the x-axis. The average valuesfor importance and skill are shown as dashed lines. Since the surveys are administered inthe ECE senior design project course and reported to the class as a whole, the results arenot separated by program. Further, other assessment

Conference Session

Design in BME Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Gettens, Western New England College; Michael Rust, Western New Engalnd College; Diane Testa, Western New England College; Judy Cezeaux, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

simulation, internships and cooperative education, guest speakers,guest instructors, field trips, bioethics instruction and problem-centered instruction.5 AtBucknell, a four course sequence over the Junior and Senior Years was implemented in order tointroduce students to such skills as regulatory issues, teamwork, environmental impacts, formaldecision making, computer-aided design, machining, rapid prototyping, cell culture andstatistical analysis.4 Importantly these skills are taught and practiced prior to embarking on thesenior capstone design project.4 At the University of Virginia professional skills such as jobsearching, interviewing, written and oral communication, ethics, negotiation skills, leadership,intellectual property and

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Josef Rojter

with the entry point of theprofession ie education.To begin with, the undergraduate curriculum needs somerestructuring.It must be linked to a stage of communal development to produce aprofessional who is socially conscious of his or her role.The argument for increased Page 2.346.4humanities studies in producing an all rounded professional is not new,disparatepeople such as Eric Ashby and Finniston in his report into Engineering education sawin the increase content of humanities as enhancing the engineering curriculum In1968 the UNESCO secretariat in its international perspective on engineeringeducation argued , . . ..In view of the engineers dual