Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part One

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suleiman Ashur, Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

recent addition to the Department of Engineering, which offersB.S. degrees in civil, computer, electrical, and mechanical engineering.The paper presents the process and challenges of establishing a new Civil Engineeringcurriculum and layout the techniques used in addressing these challenges. The paper addressesthree issues: developing a curriculum that meets the regional needs; the Purdue Universityrequirements, and 2007 ABET criteria. The challenge is to achieve these goals under severalconstraints including limited resources; accepting students to new program with differentbackground such as transfer students from other institutions and students for technologyprograms, and the process of offering new core courses for advanced students in the

Conference Session

Gender and Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siddika Guzey, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Tamara Moore, University of Minnesota; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

help students understand this tragedy, the role engineers play insociety, and to increase their interest in civil engineering, this particular curriculum wasdeveloped.The design of the curriculum is theoretically aligned with constructivism. Curriculum designfrom a constructivist perspective focuses on the social construction of learning and enablesstudents to learn through collaboration8. The bridge building activities allowed students activelyengaged in their knowledge construction as they learned the concepts through hands-onactivities. Demonstrations, computer simulations, and videos were employed to increasestudents’ engagement. In addition, all students were asked to keep journals, written as blogs, toreflect on their learning. The

Conference Session

Electromechanical & Manufacturing ET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Li Qian, South Dakota State University; Teresa Hall, South Dakota State University; Shanzhong (Shawn) Duan, South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

integration of product/tool design andmanufacturing to which manufacturing engineering technology students are not commonlyexposed[6][7]. Basic FEA concepts and machining process modeling with FEA were addedinto this upper level manufacturing course and enabled students to make the connectionamong physics, static/dynamics, and material courses in the curriculum in an integratedlearning environment.Knowledge on new technologies including FEA and DFM were covered in this course.Projects utilizing emerging technologies such as cutting process modeling with FEA, CNC(computer numerical control) verification with VeriCut® software helped students “recognizetheir need for an ability to engage in lifelong learning”, which is emphasized in AccreditationBoard

Conference Session

Learning from Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Clement, Purdue University; Edward Coyle, Purdue University; Joy Krueger, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

2006-679: CREATING AN INNOVATION CONTINUUM IN THE ENGINEERINGCURRICULUM: EPICS AND THE EPICS ENTREPRENEURSHIP INITIATIVEEdward Coyle, Purdue University Edward J. Coyle received his BSEE degree from the University of Delaware in 1978, and Master's and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from Princeton University in 1980 and 1982. Since 1982, he has been with Purdue University, where he is currently Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Co-Director of the Center for Wireless Systems and Applications (CWSA), and Director of the EPICS Entrepreneurship Initiative (EEI). From 2000 through 2004 he served Purdue as Assistant Vice Provost for Research in Computing

Conference Session

Alternative Teaching Methods

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Scachitti, Purdue University Northwest; James B. Higley, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

about seat time: Blending, flipping, andefficiency in active learning classrooms,” Computers & Education, 78:pp. 227-236, 2014.[3]S. DeLozier and M. Rhodes, “Flipped Classrooms: a Review of Key Ideas andRecommendations for Practice,” Educational Psychology Review, 29: pp. 141-151, 2017.[4] M. Albert and B. Beatty, “Flipping the Classroom Applications to Curriculum Redesign foran Introduction to Management Course: Impact on Grades,” Journal of Education For Business,89: pp. 419–424, 2014.[5] J. Nouri, “The flipped classroom: for active, effective and increased learing – especially forlow achievers,” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 13:33,2016.[6] J. Pickering and D. Roberts, “Flipped Classroom or an Active

Conference Session

Design throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Carmine Vaccaro, Hofstra University; Kevin C. Craig, Hofstra University; Alexander Hans Pesch, Hofstra University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Curriculum with Coherent ThemeAbstractA design engineer uses math to solve real-world problems. To that end, traditional mechanicalengineering curricula teach modeling and analysis skills in a set of specific, often decades-old,courses. This regiment of courses give the student the skill set needed to be an engineer, but is alltoo often insufficient at teaching that student how to use that skill set. That is, the student is ill-prepared to bring those multidisciplinary skills together to solve problems, to actually be anengineer.A new curriculum strategy is proposed in which at least one course each semester reflects theconcepts of model-based design. Therefore, the engineering student becomes progressivelymature in applying his or her

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Industrial Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

actualequipment they would be working with in industry. A few years ago when approval was grantedfor the construction of a new Computing & Engineering Building, faculty members of theEngineering & Design department at Eastern Washington University devoted their efforts toworking with the architectural firm and modifying the building’s design to create access to thetechnical equipment located within the building. Additional instrumentation was also requested Page 12.1156.2that would provide the complete picture of the daily operation of the building. Examples ofthese modifications include increased working area around flow handlers to allow student

Conference Session

Incorporating Innovative Technologies into the Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Chen, Iowa State University; Ye Li, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Development with QFD”, DRM Associates, Palos Verdes CA 7. Kenneth Crow, 2000, “Performing QFD Step by Step”, DRM Associates, Palos Verdes CA Page 22.909.18 8. N.A. Jnanesh & C.K Hebbar, 2008, “Use of Quality Function Deployment Analysis in Curriculum Development of Engineering Education and Models for Curriculum Design and Delivery”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008,WCECS 2008, October 22 - 24, 2008, San Francisco, USA9. Patricia Brackin, 2002, “Assessing Engineering Education: An Industrial Analogy”, International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp

Collection

2023 CIEC

Authors

Gary Mullett

ETD 415 Modifying Engineering Technology Curriculum to Adapt to the Demands of Industry 4.0 Gary Mullett Springfield Technical Community CollegeAbstractThe world is poised to undergo a rapid transition to the next generation of the industrialrevolution, commonly known as Industry 4.0 or the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Thereare several developing technology drivers of this ongoing industrial progression that areinterrelated and will require a rethinking of how we educate the technologists of the future. Theuse of new smart and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ben D. Radhakrishnan, National University; James Jay Jaurez, National University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

teaching curriculum includes all the well-known and standardtechniques for estimation (e.g., Top-Down, Parametric, Three-Point) to execution to closing. Thestandard method that is most popular today is the Project Management Book of Knowledge(PMBOK; first published in 1996) process and the use of computer-aided PM tools (e.g., MSProject, Jira, SmartSheet, etc.). This set of tools have been around for at least a generation. Forproject managers, getting and maintaining a PMI certification is considered key to theirprofessional standing. All tools for estimation, budgeting (cost), scheduling (time), and projecttracking are well built into these PM processes and computer-aided tools. The technology used inthe PM curriculum and professional practice

Conference Session

Developing Systems Engineering Curriculum, Part I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice F. Squires, Stevens Institute of Technology; Jon Wade, Ph.D., Stevens Institute of Technology; Douglas A. Bodner, Georgia Institute of Technology; Masataka Okutsu, Purdue University; Dan Ingold, University of Southern California; Peter G. Dominick Ph.D., Stevens Institute of Technology, W.J. Howe School of Technology Management; Richard R. Reilly, Stevens Institute of Technology; William R. Watson, Purdue University; Don Gelosh, ODDRE/Systems Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1994, a MS in Computer System Design from the University of Houston at Clear Lake in 1989, and a BS in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State University in 1981. He also holds an INCOSE CSEP- Acquisition certification and is DAWIA Level III certified in SPRDE Systems Engineering. Page 22.970.2 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Investigating an Innovative Approach for Developing Systems Engineering Curriculum: The Systems Engineering

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold R. Underwood, Messiah College; Donald George Pratt, Messiah College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

CurriculumA multidisciplinary engineering curriculum requires certain core courses to provide students withthe content they will need to be successful in subsequent coursework, projects and beyond.Circuit Analysis, a common core course, has traditionally emphasized the analog side, leavingdigital circuits for electrical or computer specializations. While a number of recent papers3-8address improved methods of instruction for Circuit Analysis, strategic ordering of topics andselection of content also makes a difference in preparing students for the curriculum as a whole.With the growing infusion of digital technology in contemporary practice, we believe students inall engineering disciplines should have exposure to digital theory, at least at a basic

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Pedagogy 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough P.E., University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Jesus A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

specializationin Mechatronics and Industrial Automation. This paper reports on the work in progress to alignthe program to meet the changing needs of the industries in the era of Industry 4.0. The recentconsolidation of majors in the Engineering Technology (ET) program provide us with a rareopportunity to enhance the program for students, faculty, college, and industry. We discussprogram enrichment through the inclusion of skill-based industry recognized certifications thatare embedded in the regular ET curriculum as laboratory extensions in four areas, such as:Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Numerical Control (CNC), Dimensional Metrology -Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), and Industrial Robots.IntroductionThe Fourth Industrial Revolution

Conference Session

Curriculum Development in Two-Year Engineering and Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Erik N Dunmire, College of Marin; Nicholas P. Langhoff, Skyline College; Thomas Rebold, Monterey Peninsula College; Eva Schiorring; Tracy Huang, Canada College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

testing of the teaching andlearning resources for Engineering Graphics, which is a four-unit course (three units of lectureand one unit of lab) covering the principles of engineering drawings, computer-aided design(using both AutoCAD and SolidWorks), and the engineering design process. The paper alsopresents the results of the pilot implementation of the curriculum, as well as a comparison of theoutcomes of the online course with those from a regular, face-to-face course. Studentperformance on labs and tests in the two parallel sections of the course are compared.Additionally student surveys and interviews, conducted in both the online and face-to-facecourse are used to document and compare students’ perceptions of their learning experience

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mukasa E. Ssemakula, Wayne State University; Gene Yeau-Jian Liao, Wayne State University; Shlomo S. Sawilowsky, Wayne State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Page 26.252.2participating institution that encompass the four knowledge areas and their learning objectiveswere identified. This provided the initial curriculum mapping matrix, which was subsequentlysubjected to a statistical analysis to identify the common core learning outcomes across the fourinstitutions. Because of differences in curricular structure and content at the various schools, theinitial relationship between project outcomes and course outcomes was not necessarilyisomorphic. A given institutional course learning objective could contribute to more than oneproject knowledge area. A weighted average score was computed according to Equation (1): n

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela M Kelly, Stony Brook University; Doreen Aveni, Stony Brook University; Monica Bugallo, Stony Brook University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Paper ID #23365Women in Science and Engineering: A Framework for an Honors Under-graduate CurriculumDr. Angela M Kelly, Stony Brook University Angela M. Kelly is an Associate Professor of Physics and the Associate Director of the Science Education Program at Stony Brook University, New York. She attended La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, where she received her B.A. degree in chemistry, and completed her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in science education (2000 and 2006, respectively) and her Ed.M. degree in curriculum and teaching (2007) at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. She is the recipient of

Conference Session

BME Courses & Curricular Content

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hatice Ozturk, North Carolina State University; Lianne Cartee, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

covered typical of any LinearSystems course in an Electrical and Computer Engineering discipline. The role of the LinearSystems course in the BME curriculum as a core course which also prepares thebioinstrumentation majors for senior electives such as Digital Signal Processing, Medical ImageProcessing, Control Systems and Digital Control Systems presented us a unique challenge: Tomake the Linear Systems course more relevant to all biomedical engineering majors when thereis insufficient time to add new material. Table 1. Alignment of topics in Physiology for Engineers and Linear Systems for Biomedical Engineers Page

Conference Session

Bioengineering laboratories: Bringing research into the classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rupa Iyer, University of Houston (CoE)

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

andpublic health preparedness7. Also located in the city is a university that is considered to be oneof the leaders in nanotechnology research.To address these needs, this institution is developing an interdisciplinary undergraduatebiotechnology program. The new curriculum will provide students with a breadth of knowledgeand skills across a variety of scientific and technological disciplines. The program requiresstudents to enroll in classes that will provide them with a strong foundation in biology,chemistry, and information technology and computer science. The program also offers abioprocessing and bioinformatics track. These two tracks, in addition to enhancing employmentopportunities in the biotechnology industry, will also expose life science

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Warren; Jay Porter

Texas A&M University designed tointroduce these concepts to students before they graduate. The curriculum emphasizes the use ofstandard electronics bench equipment combined with additional low-cost personal computer technologyto ensure that all interested academic institutions can afford to offer these labs.I. IntroductionWith the increasing use of digital signal processing in modern electronics, the role of mixed-signalcomponents such as analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) isbecoming more and more important. These devices are typically combined onto a single, highly denseintegrated circuit1. As these chips become more complex, familiarity with testing these devices isessential for the successful entry

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division WIPS 3: Courses and Curricula

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahdi Agheli, Worcester Polytechnic Insitute; Greg Lewin, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Markus Nemitz

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

), Actuation (RBE 2001), Sensing (RBE 2002), Manipulation (RBE 3001), and Navigation(RBE 3002). Each of these courses, characterized by their project-based and lab-heavy nature,demands a robust foundation in programming. This aspect of the curriculum is not merely aboutteaching programming as a skill; it is integrally woven into the fabric of the learning process,enabling students to apply these skills in real-world scenarios, thereby preparing them for thecomplex challenges of the robotics field.Understanding the significance of programming in robotics, the RBE curriculum strategicallyincorporates 1 unit, equivalent to three courses, in computer science, ensuring that students arewell-equipped with the necessary computational tools and techniques

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Student Performance

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Zafrul Hasan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

aspects of everyday life – starting from household ovens toprofessional supercomputers. As such, curriculum in electrical, computer, andtelecommunication engineering disciplines incorporate the basics of digital systems as amandatory course. Such courses traditionally contain the design aspects of digital systems.Testing of such systems is seldom covered in those courses 1, 2. However, testing of such rapidlygrowing systems is both complex and costly 3. As a result, it has become an important part of theoverall life cycle of any digital system. Due to its importance and significance in the real world,digital system testing needs to be accommodated in the curriculum of the above mentioneddisciplines. Testing of combinational and sequential

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Patricia B Spencer; Kathryn Hollar

Session 3230 1 + 1 = 3: Unanticipated Benefits of an Integrated Teacher Development Curriculum at Cornell Kathryn Hollar, Patricia B. Spencer Cornell UniversityAbstractOne of the strategic goals of the Office of Instructional & Research Support in the College ofEngineering at Cornell University is to enhance the undergraduate experience throughexcellence in peer instruction. Through curriculum integration and expansion of existingteacher development programs, we have been able to construct a student community whereteaching is discussed and valued. Since our

Conference Session

Capstone Mechanical Engineering Design

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Yves Mercadier; Pierre Vittecoq; Patrik Doucet; Jean-Sébastien Plante; Francois Charron; Yves Van Hoenacker

Session 3566 DESIGN PROJECTS IN THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM AT SHERBROOKE UNIVERSITY – PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE François Charron, NSERC Design Engineering Chair Patrik Doucet, Yves Mercadier, Yves Van Hoenacker, Pierre Vittecoq, and Jean-Sébastien Plante Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC Canada1.0

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Elif Kongar; Kurt A. Rosentrater

Greening the Engineering and Technology Curriculum via Real Life Hands- on Projects Elif Kongar 1 and Kurt A. Rosentrater 2 AbstractThis paper aims at demonstrating how greening efforts can be embedded into science andengineering courses without major curricular changes. In this regard, examples of final projectsassigned in a statistical quality control, a 500-level, graduate engineering course, focusing oncampus sustainability are provided. After completing ten weeks in the classroom, the studentswere asked to apply their engineering knowledge and learning of continuous processimprovement techniques to a given problem

Conference Session

We Love our MOMs (Mechanics of Materials)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reihaneh Jamshidi, University of Hartford

in Progress: Sustained Implementation of FEA in an Undergraduate Solid Mechanics CurriculumWhile modeling and simulations are taught in upper-level and elective courses, a typicalengineering undergraduate curriculum does not contain consistent integration of simulations. In aprevious study, the author has advocated for early exposure of mechanical engineering studentsto FEA in a sophomore-level solid mechanics course to improve students’ understanding of thesubject matter. This study reports on the continued implementation of FEA in a junior-levelMachine Design class to leverage the full potential of available advanced tools throughout theundergraduate curriculum. Simulations can be particularly useful where a

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camille Birch, University of Washington; Celina Gunnarsson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Paper ID #26126Work in Progress: Science and Engineering for Social Justice: CurriculumDevelopment and Student ImpactCamille Birch, University of Washington Camille Birch is a graduate of the Bioengineering and Computer Science departments at the University of Washington. She developed curriculum concerning the interplay of diversity and ethics for undergrad- uate engineering students at UW and is interested in the power of education to enact change in future generations of engineers. She currently works for Microsoft in the Bay Area.Celina Gunnarsson, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDr. Dianne Grayce Hendricks

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phelana Pang, Seattle Girls' School

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

 . New Orleans, Louisiana: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), 2013. pp. 3288­3298.  [4] Friday Institute for Educational Innovation.  Student Attitudes toward STEM Survey­Middle and High School Students , Raleigh, NC: Author, 2012.   Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering and the Research Experience for Teachers program, supported by Award Number EEC­1028725 from the National Science Foundation.  Special thanks to Kristen Bergsman, Eric Chudler, Lise Johnson, Nona Clifton, and Janis Wignall for their support and guidance through the RET program and curriculum writing and implementation.  I would like to thank fellow RET participants Alexandra Pike and Laura Moore

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Gregory Lyman; Jeffery Wilcox; Rowdy Sanford

Annual Conference, Austin, TX, 2018.[3] R. N. Savage, K. C. Chen and L. Vanasupa, "Integrating project-based learning throughout the undergraduate engineering curriculum," IEEE Engineering Management Review, vol. 37, no. 1, 2009.[4] A. J. R. Lyle D. Feisel, "The Role of the Laboratory in Undergraduate Engineering Education," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 94, no. 1, 2013.[5] K. Rawat and G. Massiha, "A hands-on laboratory based approach to undergraduate robotics education," in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, New Orleans, LA, 2004.[6] H. Otten, "Retro Computing," [Online]. Available: http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/emma-by-l-j-technical- systems/. [Accessed 8 October 2018].[7] LJ Technical

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madeline Polmear, University of Colorado Boulder; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Chris Swan, Tufts University; Nathan E. Canney, CYS Structural Engineers Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

component, termed the hiddencurriculum, pertains to perspectives and processes that are both outside of, and rooted in, theformal curriculum. The hidden curriculum inadvertently conveys to students what is important inthe educational community. This paper employs a hidden curriculum perspective to explore therole and value of ethics and societal impacts (termed ESI) in engineering education. As part of alarger study on the ESI education of undergraduate and graduate students, this paper exploresESI through a hidden curriculum lens using an ex post facto design and mixed-methodsapproach. Individuals who teach engineering and computing students participated in a surveywhere they reported their own ESI education practices and their perceptions of the

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christian Enmanuel Lopez, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Omar Ashour, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Conrad Tucker, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

years of the MechanicalEngineering curriculum by implementing a four-course sequence. The researchers of thesestudies measured the effect of curriculum integration on students’ motivation to stay in school,helping non-traditional students in their learning, and increasing knowledge retention of thematerial [14], [15]. Curriculum integration resulted in an overall improvement of students’performance over a three-year period [14].Computers have been used as instructional aids since the mid-40s [16]. VR technology has beenin use in many domains including the military, education, and training [17]. There are manyadvantages of using VR in learning applications [18]. VR technology provides the sense of“being there” [19] and creates a “first person