Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Assessment of Design Projects and Approaches to Capstone Courses

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pun To (Douglas) Yung, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

Methods Approach,” Virginia Tech, 2012.[5] W. M. Butler, “An experiment in live simulation-based learning in aircraft design and its impact on student preparedness for engineering practice,” in 2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2013, p. 23.166. 1-23.166. 26.[6] M. Bond, “Facilitating student engagement through the flipped learning approach in K-12: A systematic review,” Computers & Education, vol. 151, p. 103819, 2020.[7] A. Khan, F. H. Ahmad, and M. M. Malik, “Use of digital game based learning and gamification in secondary school science: The effect on student engagement, learning and gender difference,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 22, pp. 2767–2804, 2017.[8] E. R. Kahu and K. Nelson, “Student

Conference Session

Research in Engineering Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nicola Wendy Sochacka, University of Georgia; Nadia N. Kellam, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

that emerges from these complex interactions it becameapparent that the „object‟ of our research interest was neither “out there” [19, p. 37] to beobserved in a materialistic sense, nor was it is it solely „in the individual‟s head‟. Rather, itextended beyond the individual, in that it was constituted through, and emerged from, the sharedlived experience ["Lebenswelt" in: 20] of groups of individuals [21]. Put another way, this meantthat the reality we were interested in investigating was socially constructed [22-24], by theparticipants and the researcher [1] in the data gathering situation. Illustration: To clarify this point, this illustration considers an example from the above-described study that is concerned with

Conference Session

Research Methods

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory Hixson, Rowan University; Ella Lee Ingram, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Rachel McCord Ellestad, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

own business models based on information derived from personal engagement rather than secondhand market research. (From https://venturewell.org/lean-launchpad/ emphasis ours)While VentureWell’s text centers on entrepreneurship, we have emphasized the aspects of theapproach that will become essential to our discussion later in this work.The Customer Discovery process is a methodology that typically occurs in harmony alongsideLean LaunchPad®. While Lean LaunchPad® represents an overarching methodology, thecustomer discovery process is often enacted as a sub-process in which the practitioners (thoseattempting to launch a product or start a company) use the knowledge gained through iterativehypothesis testing to define customer

Conference Session

Thermal Systems

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Kevin Schmaltz; Robert Choate

, student teams are required to design, build and test (DBT) an experimentaldesign project of their own choice.This project requires experimental problem solving skills, builds upon the analytical andnumerical techniques they have acquired in their engineering science courses, and will then beexpanded upon in a multi-disciplinary capstone laboratory design course in the spring semesterof their senior year. The project is coordinated through the ME program Design of ExperimentsPlan and further supports the ME program's Professional Component Plan by requiring the use ofengineering design with open-ended problems, integration of professional tools, anddemonstration of professional communications. This experience takes place from a point ofview that

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session II - Courses II

Collection

2017 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Kevin Kochersberger, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Ashley R Taylor, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Christopher Kappes, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Main Forum (Podium Presentation)

Mechanical Engineering, MPH in Public Health Education, and BS in Mechanical Engineering from Virginia Tech. Her research interests include broadening participation in engineering, the integration of engineering education and international development, and building capacity in low and middle income countries through inclusive technical education.Mr. Christopher Kappes, Virginia Tech c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 International Humanitarian Capstone Design Project Option: A Model for SuccessIntroductionCapstone engineering design is intended to prepare students for new challenges beyond theiracademic curriculum, with a focus on balancing engineering

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert King; Joan Gosink

systems through a sequence ofcourses. Page 6.712.11Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2001, American Society for Engineering Education4.10 ABET outcome k: use modern tools for engineering practiceEvery experiment in MEL uses modern tools found in engineering practice for example: • Computer data acquisition systems • Graphical user interfaces • Modern graphical programming tools • Transducers – strain gage, thermistor, accelerometer, linear potentiometer, pressure, flow meter, proximity transducer, optical encoder, rotary

Conference Session

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Design Projects

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

interesting and fun concept to theinstructor and students.Earlier rapid prototyping projects from a decade ago involved toy design and development. Inaddition, students re-engineered existing commercial ZOOB designs for the former InfinitoyCompany. An example Re-engineering Proposal by Martin Pabian, then a BS ManufacturingEngineering major can be found below1: ZOOB Reverse Engineering Project Proposal by Martin Pabian Rapid Prototyping and Reverse EngineeringBackground: Citroid System is the organic technology behind ZOOB brand toys. The open-ended, ergonomic design has the potential for a wide array of applications far beyond toys, fromcomplex mathematical

Conference Session

Culture, Race, and Gender Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cindy E Foor, University of Oklahoma; Susan E. Walden, University of Oklahoma; Deborah A. Trytten, University of Oklahoma; Randa L. Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

employment opportunities. Thisculture of exclusion imparts far-reaching consequences beyond the undergraduate degreeexperience.Conclusions: Implications for engineering education policyStudent, experiential learning, engineering competition teams provide an opportunity forengineering students to practice engineering technical and professional skills while engaged incompetitive, experiential learning, design/build projects. Participation in SELECT has beenpositively linked to cognitive gains, enhanced technical proficiency and social/group skills.However, though participation on SELECT is presented as an open opportunity for all students,not all students have an equal opportunity to participate. Through a critical analysis of theconstructions of

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Himani Sharma; Jennifer Hadley Perkins, Arizona State University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University; Adam R Carberry, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

relationships, and (4)outcomes resulting from the mentees’ mentorship experiences, encompassing both positive andnegative impacts. This paper describes the first 3 categories of codes as a preliminary step to thefuture endeavor of connecting mentoring behaviors, structures and contexts to desired outcomesfor engineering faculty mentees.Trustworthiness was established through research triangulation wherein the first and secondauthors independently analyzed and then discussed a set of four transcripts to establish commondefinitions of the codes; the third and fourth authors were used to resolve disagreements.Interrater reliability between the first and second authors was assessed using another set of fourtranscripts, wherein each code met the minimum

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Paying Attention to Retention

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paige E. Smith, University of Maryland, College Park; Elizabeth R. Kurban, University of Maryland, College Park; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

the program, which contribute to continued networks of encouragement andsupport (Samuelson et al., 2014). While developed and implemented to better retain students inthe Clark School, the benefits of the SEEDS programs extend beyond degree completion,through the development of successful leaders and professionals in the field of engineering.ReferencesBaier, S. T., Markman, B. S., & Pernice-Duca, F. M. (2016). Intent to persist in college freshmen: The role of self-efficacy and mentorship. Journal of College Student Development, 57(5), 614-619.Lee, W.C., Seimetz, C.N, and Amelink, C.T. (2014). Examining the transition to engineering: A multi-case study of six diversity summer bridge program participants. Proceedings of

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Odon M Musimbi, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Jean Paul Mulanza, University of Kinshasa

learned in the introductory Excel class were aimed at solving problems during therecitations but soon proved very effective to other engineering courses and beyond. This paperdiscusses the Excel introductory portion of the class, the content delivered, some examples ofproblems solved, and finally the students’ feedback through the survey administered. The paper begins with a presentation of the topics covered during the Excel Introductorycourse. Two examples illustrate the applications completed by the students for their projects.The last part includes a discussion of the results and a conclusion.Excel Introductory Course Topics and Survey Setup A five-hour’ introductory class of Excel was first taught before the actual

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Integration at the Program Level

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

MC Forelle, University of Virginia; Kent A. Wayland, University of Virginia; Bryn Elizabeth Seabrook, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

(2019), who in “In Search of Integration: Mapping Conceptual Efforts to Apply STS toEngineering Education,” argue that the critical skills that STS offers are essential for helpingengineering students understand the impact of technological innovation in a holistic sense. AnSTS minor has the additional advantage of providing students with a recognized credential in thisskill set. Thus, in this paper, we ask further: how are STS minors being designed to provide thiscritical education as well as attract student attention and fulfill the mission of the school? Theauthors address this question through a qualitative analysis of outward facing material of minorsoffered through top engineering institutions. Our goal is to understand the state of

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Ronald E. Barr; J.P. Mohsen; Jane M. Fraser; Amir Karimi; Nelson A. Macken; John A. Stratton; John J. Uhran, Jr.; Sandra A. Yost

called for broad reform in K-12 STEM education, and ASEE clearlyhas an opportunity to be a national leader in K-12 reform, since it impacts engineering educationat the college level. K-12 is the pipeline and lifeblood for what we do and how it affects thetechnology base of this country. Indeed, ASEE has already begun to try and impact K-12 througha number of initiatives including the all day seminar initiated at the past three nationalconferences. The YOD on the other hand was an attempt to get a handle on the various aspects ofengineering education through research and to build on the momentum started by such schools asPurdue and Virginia Tech, which have started engineering education programs. The RAGSreport and the YOD events, as envisioned

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlen Planting, Boise State University; Sin Ming Loo, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Theinstructions were divided into four basic groups that address the majority of all applications:instructions that move data from memory to registers (MR), operate on register values placingresults back into a register (RR), move data from registers to memory (RM), and change the flow(FC) of the instruction sequence.Once the students have been familiarized with registers, cache, memory, and instructions tomove and manipulate data in assembly language, the course is transitioned to the C language.Concepts from C such as data structures, unions and bit fields provide capabilities beyond whatis available in assembly. The classic text for C programmers “The C Programming Language”(K&R) [6] was adapted for use as a reference for this portion of the

Collection

2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Leslie B. Massey; Aysa L. Galbraith

through AP credit or dual enrollment and transfer credit from other institutions, have theoption to enroll in the Honors Experience (HE) course sequence in addition to the typicalIntroduction to Engineering course sequence. This is a four-credit hour, two-semester honorsexperience focused on research or innovation. During the Honors Research Colloquium in thefall semester, students attend weekly research seminars delivered by University of Arkansasfaculty and learn to utilize library resources to conduct background research on engineeringtopics. Students work in teams of two on undergraduate research projects defined and mentoredby a member of the College of Engineering faculty. During the Honors Innovation Colloquiumin the fall semester

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FPD) Technical Session 9: Hands-On Foundations - Building Confidence, Belonging, and Engagement in First-Year Engineering

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leendert Schrader, Saint Louis University; Danahe Marmolejo, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FPD)

learning environments. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Novel Mechatronics as a Multidisciplinary Introduction to Engineering FundamentalsIntroductionIn this complete research study, we analyzed the efficacy of portraying introductory engineeringprinciples through classroom activities in mechatronics. The current state of technology is one inwhich most systems require the interdisciplinary contributions of multiple engineering fields. Itis highly important that students of engineering acquire the proper exposure to thisinterdisciplinary nature in the curriculum, adapting with the evolution of economic incentives.Substantial economic and industrial investments in the field

Conference Session

Capstone Design III

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed El-Sayed, Kettering University; Steven Beyerlein, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

delivery, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pfeiffer, 2000.11. Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J., The Systemic Design of Instruction, 6th Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA, 2001.12. Felder, R. & Brent, R., “Understanding Student Differences,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 57-72, 2005.13. Dutson, A., Todd, R., Magleby, S. & Sorenson, C., “A Review of Literature on Teaching Design Through Project-Oriented Capstone Courses,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 17-28, 1997.14. Beyerlein, S., Davis, D., Trevisan, M., Thompson, P. & Harrison, K., “Assessment Framework for Capstone Design Course,” Proceedings of American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Chicago, IL

Conference Session

Continuous Improvement in Engineering Leadership Development Programs

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seth Claberon Sullivan, Texas A&M University; Beth Koufteros, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

described this experience this way: “I think the whole singing component of the program was crucial for us to acquire the type of comfort level with each other and ourselves that we needed for other activities to be impactful. Some of the activities we did throughout the program were not designed to be comfortable, so everyone needed to be comfortable enough with each other to take those activities seriously and learn from them. Beyond that, it is important as a leader to be able to move through uncomfortable situations, conversations, and interactions without hesitation…”The first retreat is heavily focused on community building based on voluntary sharing of lifestories and other personal

Conference Session

FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-Year Programs Division

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2011-2404: A DROP-IN TUTORING PROGRAM TO SUPPORT FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERINGDr. Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder BEVERLY LOUIE is the director for teaching and learning initiatives in the Broadening Opportunities through Leadership and Diversity (BOLD) Center in CU’s College of Engineering and Applied Science. She holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemical engineering from CU, and a D.Phil. in mechanical engineer- ing from the University of Oxford, England. Dr. Louie’s research interests are in the areas of engineering student retention and performance, teaching effectiveness and collaborative learning.Dr. Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder DANIEL W. KNIGHT is the engineering assessment

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 10

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh, Johns Hopkins University; Alissa Burkholder Murphy, Johns Hopkins University; Jenna Frye, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

Paper ID #40114Student Learnings and Teaching Insights from a MultidisciplinaryEngineering Design CourseDr. Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh, Johns Hopkins University Dr. Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh is a Center for Leadership Education (CLE) faculty member in the Whit- ing School of Engineering at The Johns Hopkins University. After earning a BS and MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering, she completed her PhD in Engineering Education at Purdue University. She is passionate about the active process of teaching and learning through authentic real-world experiences that lead students to develop disciplinary knowledge and broad professional

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Session - Virtual and Augmented Reality

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jose Diaz; Curtrell Trott; Fatahillah Iskandar; Ju Wang, Virginia State University; Zhenhua Wu, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

, 2021 MAKER: Design of a Virtual CNC Mill by Unity Software AbstractIt requires a lot of hands-on experience to learn how to operate a computer numerical control (CNC)mill. Virtual Reality (VR) can serve as a way to teach how to properly operate it. The goal of thisresearch is to create a virtual CNC mill that can provide interactive training for students. The Unitysoftware was used for this goal. Unity is a game development engine used to produce video games,utility software, and more. The functionality of the CNC simulation was created with C# scripting.The visual representation of the CNC mill was built through 3D modeling, and then transferredinto FBX 3D models which are compatible

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Whitman, Wichita State University; James Steck, Wichita State University; David Koert, Wichita State University; Larry Paarmann, Wichita State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

, “Robotics Educator CD,” The Robotics Institute.16) Portsmore, M., Cyr, M., and Rogers, C., "Integrating the internet, Labview and Lego Bricks into Modular Data Acquisition and analysis software for K - college," Computers in education.17) Cyr, M., Miragila, V., Nocera, T., and Rogers, C., 1997, "A Low-Cost, Innovative Methodology for Teaching Engineering Through Experimentation," Journal of Engineering Education, 86(2), 167-171. Page 12.12.9 Project Assessment Rubric Format, Style, 1 2 3

Conference Session

The Real World-Project-Based & Experiential Learning

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seamus F Freyne P.E., Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

, civil engineering students need both technical competencies andprofessional skills, such as the ability to communicate clearly, social aptitude,business acumen, ethical awareness, and an openness to others’ perspectives andideas. As courses focused on technical content leave little room to spare, muchdevelopment of such professional skills is outside the capacity of the traditionalcurriculum.A teaching technique to enhance student engagement and learning was attemptedin civil engineering courses at Mississippi State University periodically through aperiod of several years. The activity is called Ten Questions (10Q). In 10Q, studentsinterviewed professionals who work in a civil engineering field most relevant to thecourse subject. Students made

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

the doctrine of culturalrelativism which acknowledges the subjective nature of worldviews. At the core of relativismmay be discovered a universal precept; the global need for ethical standards regarding a “senseof what is expected and what is out of line”.19 No matter the national context, there likely existsan acceptable social and cultural norm within that context. Therefore, an effective internationalcode that takes into account limitless necessary albeit relative factors through a complex systemof conditional statements may in fact be possible.Research questions The development of conditional statements leading towards the development ofinternational codes is beyond the scope of this paper, although this work may be viewed as a

Conference Session

Flipped Classrooms in Mechanics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luke S. Lee P.E., University of the Pacific; Rachelle Kisst Hackett, University of the Pacific; Hector Estrada, University of the Pacific

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

beginning of class focused on clarifying difficult concepts and answeringquestions posed by students. Third, while active learning techniques were employed for both thetreatment and control groups, in the treatment group (flipped classroom) the quality or depth ofactivities went beyond basic identification or lower levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. Rather,questions posed for think-pair-share activities challenged students to develop their own answersfor “why” a topic was critical, create a flowchart describing the problem solving approach, orinvestigate the effect of design parameters (i.e., geometry and loading) on stresses. In addition,the increased time available in the classroom, as noted by many other researchers (as discussedin the introduction

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jing Zhang, Virginia State University; Yongjin Lu, Virginia State University ; Zhifu Xie, Virginia State University; Dawit Haile, Virginia State University; Keith Williamson, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

university engi- neering research team should apply to select a project from a firm to enhance its research capacity and diversify its engineering programs as well. Keywords: Stock of Knowledge, Cooperative Game, Noncooperative Game, Economic Network, Optimization.Date: May, 2016. 12 J. ZHANG, Y. LU, Z. XIE, D. HAILE, K. WILLIAMSON 1. Introduction In the current global knowledge-and-technology intensive marketplace, the Re-search and Development (R&D) department plays a vital role in the developmentof a firm or an industry. During the last decade, we have seen a rapid increase inthe research of R&D collaboration in econometric

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session 1 - Educator's Tools

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Toluwalase Opanuga, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Logan Andrew Perry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

]. Likewise, through the use of course modulescovering topics on self-directed learning [9]-[10]; problem-based curricula [11]-[12];engineering projects [13]; journaling [14]; and reflective writing [15], instructors have monitoredand assessed changes in students’ SDL skills. These approaches were described in studies suchas Fellows et al. [3] that entailed a range of classroom and project activities designed accordingto the Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model [16]. During the activities, students’SDL ability was assessed in Four stages - Dependent (stage 1), Involved, Interested, and Self-Directed (stage 4). Ulseth [17] explored the experiences of students taught using Problem-BasedLearning (PBL) to gain in-depth understanding of the

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Oliver Cristy, Virginia Tech; Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2012-4468: THE NEW E-TEXTBOOK: FLIPPING THE PAGE TO ANEW PARADIGMJohn Oliver Cristy, Virginia Tech John Cristy is a master’s student at Virginia Tech.Prof. Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech Page 25.1324.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 The New E-textbook: Flipping the Page to the Next ParadigmAbstractElectronic textbooks are different from e-books in that they allow the user to go beyond justreading material on a computer screen. E-textbooks encourage the user to perform all of theoperations typically performed with a hardcopy text in addition to some functions not possiblewith paper books. With

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division (SWED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; David Mond, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; jack liu

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division (SWED)

Paper ID #47820Addressing open-source software complexity using a large language modelDr. Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University at Raleigh Dr. Gehringer is a professor in the Departments of Computer Science, and Electrical & Computer Engineering. His research interests include data mining to improve software-engineering practice, and improving assessment through machine learning and natural language processing.David Mond, North Carolina State University at Raleighjack liu ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Enhancing Code Quality and Design in Open-Source Projects

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa L. Larkin, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

goes far beyond being ableto demonstrate that the ABET criteria have been met. Tittle reminds us that STEM degrees arenot earned strictly through mathematical and other technically-based courses32. Using data fromthe National Report Card, she notes that just 52 percent of high school graduates scored at thebasic level in writing and just 38 percent at the basic level in reading. This is a troublesome factgiven that many of these students will go on to populate our college classrooms. In fact, Trittlenotes the rising number of development and remedial courses on reading and writing thatcontinue to rise and have overflowing enrollments on college campuses across the U.S. This factis quite disturbing.In an informal study involving 140 community