Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Nancy Warter-Perez; Sevak Ghazaryan; Jerardo Martin

443 Carbon Nanotube Composites: Using an Authentic Engineering Research Problem to Engage Middle School Students in STEM Nancy Warter-Perez, Sevak Ghazaryan, and Jerardo Martin California State University, Los Angeles/ Stevenson Middle SchoolAbstractSince 2008, the IMPACT LA NSF GK-12 Program (Improving Minority Partnerships throughCISE (Computer, Information Science & Engineering)-related Teaching) has been partneringgraduate teaching fellows with middle and high school science and math teachers within the EastLos Angeles area. The Cal State L.A. graduate fellows serve as visiting

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session #1: Global Competency

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Jennina Sanchez, Florida International University; Milton Januario Rueda; Douglas L. Robertson, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

engineering course load at thehigher education institution. This is encouraging for HEIs to understand the level of existingsustainability knowledge from pre-engineering students, the potential to improve sustainabilityknowledge, and the opportunities to increase engagement when future decision-makers facesustainability challenges.Consequently, future research on sustainability literacy to understand the process in whichstudents develop sustainability knowledge at any educational level is necessary. There is astrong need for educating engineering students in sustainability across engineering highereducational programs worldwide. Measuring sustainability knowledge across differentdisciplines, educational levels, and cross-generational students can

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division (TELPhE) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tatiana V. Goris, Pittsburg State University; Zeshan Ahmad Shah, Pittsburg State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division (TELPhE)

project (called UniCen COIL). American Councils is a well- known International nonprofit focused on exchanges, professional training, and critical languages. The main goals of the Central Asia University Partnerships Grants Program (UniCen) is to build capacity for substantive international engagement between higher education institutions in the United States and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan). According to their official website, the UniCen Spring COIL Initiative, is a semester long exchange between participating faculty, partnering U.S. and Central Asian Higher Education Institutions. As part of this initiative, faculty engaged in a four-week professional development course to learn, understand

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stan Kurkovsky, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

CCSUgraduates stay in Connecticut upon graduation. This benchmark is much higher for CCSUcompared to graduates of other universities in the state [1].Since 2021, our Master’s in Software Engineering program has been supported by an NSF S-STEM award “Advancing Graduates in Learning Experiences (AGILE)” to attract and retainacademically talented financially disadvantaged first generation and underrepresented minoritystudents. The author of this report serves as the PI on this NSF award. AGILE scholarshipprogram builds on the strengths and experiences of three prior S-STEM programs supportingComputer Science undergraduates at CCSU. This program implements and offers industry-centric curricular and co-curricular activities proven to improve student

Collection

2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Grant Heileman, Ohio Northern University

heating your hands through the air.Conduction is energy moving through a medium, the way that an entire metal bar gets hot if oneend is left in the coals. Coolers do this by using insulation in the walls to lower the speed atwhich energy can pass, and maintaining a low temperature where the drinks are so thetemperature difference is low. Consideration was taken into potential stakeholders and they can be seen in Appendix A.Along with stakeholders the information applied to this project learned from previous courses isincluded in Appendix B.State-of-the-Art Many coolers currently exist on the market. Notable cooler brands such as Yeti, Igloo,Pelican, and Grizzly all offer adequate solutions but do not address the problem we seek to

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicholas Tymvios, Bucknell University; Miles Book, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering

andconcrete, using 3D printed elements.BackgroundIt is becoming evident that with the decreasing cost of 3D printing technology and the increasingcomfort faculty have with the use of the technology [2], 3D printed props are finding their wayinto the classroom environment. Examples of 3D printed educational props range fromtopographical maps used in a topographical engineering course [3], to 3D bronchi used for theinstruction of bronchoscopy [4]. Specifically, for Civil and Construction Engineeringinstruction, 3D printed props included trusses used for mock testing [5], and abstract blocks usedfor the instruction of spatial reasoning [6].In construction related classes, the use of 3D printed props for instruction of course materialrelating means and

Conference Session

Mid Atlantic Papers

Collection

2017 Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Authors

sunil Dehipawala, Queensborough Community College; Raul Armendariz, Queensborough Community College; George Tremberger Jr, CUNY Queensborough Community College; Tak Cheung, CUNY Queensborough COmmunity College

Tagged Topics

Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Synchrotron and high energy physics data analysis in the other REUprojects is informative in terms of the college courses taken by a student. Synchrotron dataanalysis would proceed with standard software packages with less demand on programming skill.The Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) noise smoothing procedure is undersoftware control and the Fourier transform from wave vector space to bond length space could beperformed without having a math course on periodic functions. The high energy physics dataanalysis requires ROOT special programming language that demands strong programming skill.Regardless of which particular project is being selected by a student, each student would need toknow how to use Excel to calculate statistics such

Conference Session

Mid Atlantic Papers

Collection

2017 Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Authors

Peter Raymond Stupak, Raritan Valley Community College

Tagged Topics

Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Community College (RVCC) students were tasked to design,prototype, and deliver a real product to a real customer. The product was a backpacking tent-light that provided battery-free light for two people to comfortably read for 30 minutes andcontained a GPS receiver/Cell transmitter to send location coordinates to a home-base. Theobjective of the course was to expose students early in their academic careers and under"authentic engineering" conditions, to vital skills and practices used in industry. A secondarygoal was to give students experiences in-depth to relate to potential internship and professionalemployers.KeywordsAuthentic, Customer, Hands-on, Engineering, EnergyIntroductionIn late January of the Spring 2017 semester, a Raritan Valley

Collection

2018 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Peng Li, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

hands-on labs which require only a single virtual machine, container-based solutions, such asProxMox VE (OpenVZ) and Docker, should be considered. They are easy to set up and do notrequire much resources. These types of labs can also be hosted on a public cloud such as GCP orAWS. For hands-on labs using a complex virtual environment with multiple virtual machines, aprivate cloud may be a better choice. Private cloud and public cloud can be complementary and beused together to improve online learning experience.References 1 T. Ercan, "Effective use of cloud computing in educational institutions." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2, no. 2 (2010): 938-942. 2 S. Marston, Z. Li, S. Bandyopadhyay, J. Zhang, and A

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Comas Lamar Haynes, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Sylvia L. Mendez, University of Colorado Colorado Springs; Valerie Martin Conley PhD, University of Colorado Colorado Springs; Rosario A. Gerhardt, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

research assistants and has received multi-agency funding for energy systems analysis and develop- ment. Sponsor examples include the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy and NASA. Dr. Haynes also develops fuel cells and alternative energy systems curricula for public and college courses and experimental laboratories. Additionally, he is the co-developer of the outreach initiative, Educators Lead- ing Energy Conservation and Training Researchers of Diverse Ethnicities (ELECTRoDE). He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Florida A&M University and his graduate degrees (culminating in a Ph.D.) from Georgia Tech; and all of the degrees are in the discipline of Mechanical Engineering.Dr. Sylvia Mendez

Conference Session

Capstone and Collaborations in Civil Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin G. Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Sue Niezgoda P.E., Gonzaga University; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

teaches courses in geotechnical and structural engineering. Kevin was a geotechnical consultant with Soil Consultants, Inc. of St. Peters, Missouri from 1984-1988. He also served as Director of Engineering Services for SCI Environmental of Chesterfield, Missouri from 1988-89 before leaving practice to pursue his Ph.D. Kevin was an Assistant Professor at University of Kentucky from 1993-1998, and has been a faculty at Rose-Hulman since then. Kevin has served the Civil Engineering Division of ASEE for over 10 years and was Division Chair in 2010-11. He has also served on numerous ASCE committees. In addition to receiving numerous teaching awards over the years, he was selected by Kentucky Society of Professional

Conference Session

M2B: Learning in teams

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Anna Norris, Colorado State University; Alistair Cook, Colorado State University; Rebecca A Atadero, Colorado State University; Thomas J. Siller, Colorado State University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

Paper ID #28075An Evaluation of a First-Year Civil Engineering Student Group DynamicsInterventionAnna Norris, Colorado State University I am a graduate research assistant working towards a Doctor of Philosophy focused in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering from Colorado State University. I am also currently working as a graduate teaching fellow for the Introduction to Civil engineering course for first-year students.Dr. Alistair Cook, Colorado State UniversityDr. Rebecca A Atadero, Colorado State University Rebecca Atadero is an associate professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at

Conference Session

Best Practices for Campus Representatives

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Campus Representatives

effort to give the organization another try to make amends for sessions that maynot have been as good as they should have been.For the majority of those individuals who are questioning whether they should join or notjoin the organization, the above methods of drawing them in may be sufficient. Benefits,dues payments, and discussions on the importance of teaching may suffice. It is thatgrowing number of individuals who feel that research is the only focus of universities andcolleges who need to be addressed. The research faculty in most cases still are required toteach courses either at the undergraduate or graduate levels. Being in the classroom isusually not an option they can avoid. With that in mind, ASEE becomes an organizationthat will make

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Karen E. Schmahl

for introduction to gengineering. As pointed out by McIlwee and Robinson, if programs or individuals are to be effective in guidingmore women into engineering, they must be present at the junior high level and even in the elementary schools.Reasoning for this is that crucial preparatory math and science courses must be taken throughout secondaryeducation. The 1990 survey by the American Association of University Women indicated that between the agesof nine and fifteen, girls experience a significant drop in self-esteem, particularly related to math and science. 10Encouragement to study math and sciences appears to be critical in the early years of this developmental stage.An

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Jon E. Freckleton

witnessedproduction of units with name plates of the major supplier. The qualified supplier was a verysmall company. Is it ethical for a company to subcontract equipment and then claim in aproposal that it is produced in house? Where is the line drawn between a typical purchasedsubassembly which goes into a larger product? Case 2 - Unfunded Equipment Development. A working level engineer came up with avery creative approach to improve the UL required High Potential Leakage Tests. He proposedmodifying a very complex piece of computer based test equipment to aid final line personnel indiscovering causes for failure when the final assembly was tested on a standard High PotentialTester. He convinced his unit manager of the value of his proposal. His

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brett Doudican, University of Dayton; Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton; Brian Lawrence LaDuca, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Paper ID #17774Employing Applied Creativity and the Engineering Design Process in the De-velopment of K-12 STE(A)M Curriculum (Work in Progress)Mr. Brett Doudican, University of Dayton Brett Doudican is the curriculum coach of the Ohio Miami Valley NSF RET program. He also is a full time math teacher and department chair at the Dayton Early College Academy, an urban school sponsored by the University of Dayton. Brett is involved in multiple levels of education from the Ohio Department of Education to teaching course to new teachers in alternative certification programs to managing a small curriculum and professional

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

pendant to move robot around.  Student opinions about various aspects of the VTP, such as user friendness, features, objective, emphasis on important information, use of multimedia, and relevance to their education  Student commentsAll students provided ratings and comments using an opinion survey. In addition, the two-yearcollege students completed a pre- and post-test.Pre-and Post-testsParticipants. Participants in the pre- and post-testing were 19 two-year college students enrolledin an Industrial Automation and Robotics course, during a lab session in which they werelearning how to program a robot to accomplish a pick and place task.Materials. Students’ knowledge of articulated robot anatomy, manipulating robots

Conference Session

The Intersection of Higher Ed and Industry

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, Purdue University - West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University - West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

recognition, analyzing and improving organizational systems. He is internationally recognized, has contributed to scholarship more than 150 articles, presentations, books and reviews on software development methodologies, management, organizational change, and program management. Dr. Springer sits on many university and community boards and advisory committees. He is the recipient of numerous awards and recognitions; most recently he was awarded the Purdue University, College of Technology, Equity, Inclusion and Advocacy Award. Dr. Springer received his Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Purdue University, his MBA and Doctorate in Adult and Community Education with a Cognate in Executive Development from Ball

Conference Session

Biological & Agricultural Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland - Eastern Shore; Abbas H. Diab, University of Maryland - Eastern Shore; Christopher E. Hartman, University of Maryland - Eastern Shore; Lei Zhang, University of Maryland - Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra Ph.D., University of Maryland - Eastern Shore; Yakov Pachepsky, USDA-ARS; Rakesh Joshi

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

and twoside pontoons, are constructed of extruded polystyrene topped with ply-wood board. Fiberglass,cloth, and epoxy are used to prevent impact and/or water damage. Air-propeller rather thanpropulsion using under water propellers was considered initially for avoiding entanglement withsubmerged vegetation in shallow waters but the design team settled for paddle wheel propulsionfor greater maneuvering efficiency. At this time, the directional control (yaw) is achieved usingdifferential speeds of the left and right paddle wheels. In the future, a rudder will also beincorporated for operation in bays or larger water bodies for improved ability to negotiate wavesand currents. Brushless DC motors are used to rotate the paddle wheels. The battery

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle M. Blum, Syracuse University; Katie D. Cadwell, Syracuse University; Julie M. Hasenwinkel, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

also participated in college level outreach programs; specifically developing a hands-on activity to introduce students to the fundamental material science, mechanics and biomedical engineering through the concept of biomimicry.Dr. Katie D Cadwell, Syracuse University Katie Cadwell is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering at Syracuse University, where she has taught Chemical Engineering core courses since 2011. After receiving Chemical Engineering degrees from the Missouri University of Science and Technology (B.S.) and Uni- versity of Wisconsin-Madison (Ph.D.), she pursued a postdoctoral position in engineering education and outreach with the Interdisciplinary Education

Conference Session

Innovation in Engineering Leadership Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

. Dependingon the circumstances, the wise or courageous course of action might approach one of theextremes. Virtues benefit both the individual who possesses them and the society of which thatindividual is a part. Any given social group’s definition of virtue depends on its vision of humanflourishing (eudaimonia in Greek) or what is sometimes called “the good life.” Virtue can onlybe cultivated and recognized within social groups.This conception seems to have been developed in connection with leadership and ethics inbusiness and education—and to engineering ethics, but has not, insofar as I have been able todetermine, been widely applied to engineering leadership development.Why Conformity Is Essential and Can Be Problematic in Engineering

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Postcard Session 1: Retention and Student Success Strategies

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krystal S. Corbett, Louisiana Tech University; Katie Evans, Louisiana Tech University; Stacey McAdams; Julie Gaudin; Madison Abigail Walker, Society of Women Engineers; Tyler Scott Fontenot

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #23490Work in Progress: Developing a Model for Student-led Peer Mentorship Pro-gramsDr. Krystal S. Corbett, Louisiana Tech University Dr. Krystal Corbett is a lecturer for the Mechanical Engineering Department at Louisiana Tech Univer- sity. She teaches in their prestigious Living with the Lab first year program as well as other mechanical engineering related courses. She received her B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering (2008/2010), M.S. in Mathematics (2012), and Ph.D. in Engineering Education (2012) at Louisiana Tech University. Formerly, she was the Director of Curricula at the Cyber Innovation Center (CIC

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

improvements. Students get realistic design and applicationopportunities and experience that lead to no shortage of the best job offers, giving their careers agreat start.Electrical Demand ChallengeElectrical demand is a means for public utilities to charge customers more fairly for their use ofthe utilities’ infrastructure. Utilities plan and build their electrical distribution systems to belarge enough to provide enough power to meet the demands of their customers. The more that autility expects its customers to demand, the larger must be the utility’s investment in equipment.Equipment has a capital cost and a maintenance cost. To help meet these costs, most publicutilities have demand charges in their billing structure for commercial and industrial

Conference Session

Electrical Technology Projects and Applications

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Pocock, Oregon Institute of Technology; Kevin McCullough, Oregon Institute of Technology; Andrew Carpenter, Oregon Institute of Technology; Brant Hempel, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2007-1053: A CAPSTONE ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS PROJECT FORELECTRONICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY MAJORSDavid Pocock, Oregon Institute of Technology DAVID N. POCOCK is an Associate Professor and is the Curriculum Coordinator and head of the Analog Block of the Electronics Engineering Technology department at Oregon Institute of Technology in Klamath Falls, OR. His main research interests are semiconductor device modeling, infrared focal plane arrays, nuclear radiation effects, and web-based real electronics labs for distance education.Kevin McCullough, Oregon Institute of Technology KEVIN MCCULLOUGH is a Senior at Oregon Institute of Technology in the Electronics Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ken Vickers, University of Arkansas; Ron Foster, University of Arkansas; Greg Salamo, University of Arkansas

Arkansas in the fall of 1998 to merge traditional graduate research andeducational excellence with specific training in operational effectiveness methods, intra andentrepreneurial skills, and teaming and group dynamics practice. The stated goal of thisapproach was to create a graduate program that emulates the industrial work group environment,with the group objective being that every graduate student achieves the highest academic trainingof which he or she is capable.In the seven years since the microEP grad program was started, this educational experiment increating a graduate program centered in a natural work group culture has proven beneficial to itsstudents – and has even been largely adopted by the UA Physics graduate program1. What wasnot

Conference Session

Design Projects in Wind and Solar Energy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Lakeou, University of the District of Columbia; Esther Ososanya, University of the District of Columbia; Ben Latigo, University of the District of Columbia; George Karanja, University of the District of Columbia; Wagdy Mahmoud, University of the District of Columbia; Wilfried Oshumare, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

system’s position soas to collect maximum solar radiation. The gear motor controller module is built with state-of-the-art, low-cost digital logic circuit with built-in flexibility to accommodate seasonal positionadjustments of the PV mounts. The design includes a computer remote access for monitoring thepower generation of the system. The system is configured for an insolation (solar radiation)condition specific to the location of the system at the University of the District of Columbia inWashington, DC, but could be easily configured for any other location.II. BackgroundAs depicted in Figure 1, the position of the sun with respect to that of the earth changes in acyclic manner during the course of a calendar year. Tracking the position of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denny C. Davis, Washington State University; Jennifer E LeBeau, Washington State University; Michael S. Trevisan, Washington State University; Howard P Davis, Washington State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Washington State University; Brian F French, Washington State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Performance Research Center at Washington State University. Her current work focuses on program evaluation, with particular emphasis on understanding pedagogical practices to enhance adult learning and ways in which program evaluation can be taught effectively to graduate-level students. She presents regularly at national meetings and has several publications related to the STEM disciplines. She holds a B.S. in Biology from the University of Idaho and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Higher Education Administration from Washington State University, with an emphasis in Educational Psychology.Prof. Michael S. Trevisan, Washington State University Dr. Mike Trevisan is associate dean for Research in the College of Education at

Conference Session

Web Education I: Delivery and Evaluation

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Mohammad AlRamahi; Kurt Gramoll

Session 1120 Online Collaborative Drawing Board for Real-time Student-Instructor Interaction and Lecture Creation Mohammad AlRamahi and Kurt Gramoll School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering The University of OklahomaAbstractEven though distance learning has become a significant aspect of engineering education,improvements are still needed. One area that needs more research and tool development is web-based collaboration. There is a strong need for collaboration tools to assist both instructors andstudents in working together during

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Crystal Jean DeJaegher, University of Virginia; Jennifer L. Chiu, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

engineering design can serve as acontext for learning science and mathematics concepts, similar to Dym et al.10Although engineers use a variety of design processes in practice, many K-12 studentshave little to no explicit exposure to engineering design processes. In schools withoutdedicated engineering classes, engineering projects are infused into science andmathematics courses. Yet precollege science and math teachers often have littleexperience with engineering. Thus, many students that engage in engineering projects usetrial-and-error approaches that often do not connect to deeper conceptual understanding11or focus heavily on building structures without engaging in other processes of design.4Drawing from principles of cognitive apprenticeship5

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ahmet Zeytinci; Philip Brach

the university’s parking garagewarranted keeping the payment booth open until 8:00 pm at night. Previously the booth wasclosed at 6:00 pm and the gate left open so that students arriving for classes after that time couldpark for free. This study showed the cost of operating the booth for an additional 2 hours eachweek day would be cost effective. Thus, both essential engineering and economic principleswere learned.Project-2A junior civil engineering student, Koji Harada, in collaboration with professor Brach, designeda Fellows project to confirm that the new digital surveying instruments are equally precise whenread automatically using a digitally coded rod as when read traditionally by an instrumentperson. A procedure was designed to