Conference Session

Manufacturing Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University; Rick Taylor, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2007-2428: APPLICATION OF CADD/CAM TO ENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGY COURSES AND SOME REAL-LIFE PROJECTSB. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University Dr. B. S. Sridhara is a professor in the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Studies at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S.M.E. and M.S.M.E. degrees from Bangalore University and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He received his M.S.M.E. and Ph. D. degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and Auburn University, Alabama. Dr. Sridhara has published several peer-reviewed articles in the areas of Acoustics, Vibration, finite element methods, and Engineering Education.Rick Taylor

Conference Session

Manufacturing Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Ben Zoghi, Texas A&M University; Rainer Fink, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. References 1. "Successful Systems Engineering”, N. B. Reilly, Chapman & Hall, 1993. 2. "Procedures for Performing a Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis”, MIL-STD-1629. 3. “Joint Requirements Engineering”, G. Herzwurm, S. Schockert, and W. Mellis, 2000. 4. “Project Management, A System Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling”, H. Kerzner, 5th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995. 5. Student course project report, Fall 2006. 6. “Using Principles of Design to Develop a Capstone Course”, A. Dutson, ASEE Conference, 2006. 7. “Combining Systems Architecture and Systems Engineering in an Engineering Management Program”, J. Weaver and M. Vinarcik, ASEE Conference, 2006. 8

Conference Session

Professional Development and Scholarship

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Warren Hill, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

that peers arevery knowledgeable about the department's programs and goals including the issues within thedepartment. They also may have considerable familiarity with the technical content beingtaught. However their evaluations could be biased due to personal relationships or pressure fromthe person being reviewed. There also may be biases due to a preference for one's own teachingmethods. These can be ameliorated by using several people and providing them training in whatto look for and how to develop the appropriate information. Appendix B shows the check sheetthat is used in COAST for the report from peers.Student ratings of instruction can be very valuable for both formative and summative purposes aslong as the rating sheet is

Conference Session

Electromechanical and Manufacturing Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahad Nasab, Middle Tennessee State University; SANTOSH KAPARTHI, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

forsimultaneous, bi-directional control of two small motors. The L293D comes in a standard 16-pin,dual-in line integrated circuit package, with built in fly back diodes to minimize inductivevoltage spikes. The L293 is limited to 600 mA, but in reality can only handle much smallcurrents about 200mA. It works on the principle of H-Bridge.H-BridgeH-Bridges allow forward and reverse motor control. To get a motor to turn in one direction,simply close an opposing pair of switches. For instance, as shown in Figure 4 by closing theswitches A and D motor turn in one direction and the B and C switch close with A and D open,then the motor turns to the opposite direction. To exhibit this action it has to control the switches.In some cases, 4 transistors will work

Conference Session

Mechanical Design and Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Dong, University of Cincinnati; Janak Dave, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

consideration was to use as few parts as possible.Compact design and aerodynamics can give a competitive edge. Finally, in a project of thismagnitude, cost is a factor and was taken into account. Figure 1. Front Suspension SystemThere are ten main components that make up the suspension of the Autocross racecar: Wheelsand tires, bearings and spindles, wheel and brake rotors, hubs, brake calipers, upper A-arm, Page 12.449.5lower A-arm, shock bars, shock translator, and shocks. The suspension assembly is shown inFigure 1, with some of the individual components showed in Figure 2. (a) (b

Conference Session

Unique Developments in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darnell Austin, California State University-Fresno

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

that willgrant their degree. They get to see the entire faculty and all their alma mater has to offer.One other element of a degree for these students is meeting their general educationrequirements. (See Figure B) The state has developed a system for transfer of the lowerdivision general education, which is universal to almost every degree plan. A website hasbeen developed, ASSIST.ORG that facilitates this statewide articulation. Besides using thisto coordinate the lower division general education courses, the department taps into thissystem by including the technology courses in the technical core are qualified forarticulation.Another aspect of the general education requirement are the upper division courses. Thesehave to be completed through

Conference Session

Assessment Methods

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harpal Dhillon, Excelsior College; Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

/technology/ekrmann.html)8. Berge, Z., and Myers, B., Evaluating Computer Mediated Communication Courses in Higher Education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, vol 23, No.A, pp 431- 450, (2000).9. Palomba, C.A., and Banta, T.W., Assessment Essentials, San Francisco: Josey Bass, 1999.10. Clark, R.E., Evaluation Distance Learning Technology. Paper for United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1989.11. Graham, C., Cogiltay, K., Cramer, J. Lim, B., and Duffy, T.M., Teaching in a Web Based Distance Learning Environment: An Evaluation Based on Four Courses. CRLT Technical Report No 13-00, Bloomington: Indiana University Center for Research on Learning and Technology, 2000.12. Graham, C., Duffy, T.M., Gramer, J

Conference Session

Electrical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Richard Helps, Brigham Young University; Andrew Arnott, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 12.1572.8 • Availability of a full binary-level compiler to increase execution speed of time critical modules.We expect future development with this platform or similar language/OS/hardware platforms inthe future to extend the capabilities of the system.Bibliography1. Baas, B Ruby in the CS Curriculum. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, Vol 17, No. 5 (April 2002) ,Pages: 95 - 1032. Baird Kevin C. Generating music notation in real time Linux Journal, Vol 2004, Issue 128 (Dec 2004) Page 33. Helps R. Teaching Embedded Systems From Eight Bits to Operating Systems and Networks, Proceedings, ASEEAnnual Conference 2002 (Montreal). Session 36474. Matsumoto, Yukihiro. The Ruby Programming Language Jun 12, 2000.http

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Watkins, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Nan Byars, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

– Program OutcomesABET Criterion 2, Program Outcomes, consists of eleven units of knowledge or skill thatstudents are expected to acquire during their time in the program. As these appear in the criteriadocument2 in an alphabetized list, they have come to be known colloquially as a through k. Tosatisfy the criterion, a baccalaureate engineering technology program must demonstrate thatgraduates have: a. an appropriate mastery of the knowledge, techniques, skills and modern tools of their disciplines, b. an ability to apply current knowledge and adapt to emerging applications of mathematics, science, engineering and technology, c. an ability to conduct, analyze and interpret experiments and apply experimental results to improve

Conference Session

Simulation and Virtual Instrumentation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sorraya Khiewnavawongsa, Purdue University; Ron Leong, Purdue University; Edie Schmidt, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in Web-based and Lab-based Learning Environments. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(2), 205-223.8. Parke K. (2002). New Tech App Minimizes Faculty’s E-Learning Burden. Distance Education Report 6(12), 4.9. Sonic Foundry, Inc. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from: http://www.mediasite.com10. The United States Distant Learning Association. Retrieved January 14, 2007, from: http://www.usdla.org/ Page 12.1225.15Appendix A. Instruction to log in a virtual class and interface Page 12.1225.16Page 12.1225.17Page 12.1225.18Appendix B. Survey Form

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Romine, Alabama A&M University; William Gile, Alabama A&M University; elisabeth scherff, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2007-2895: METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A DESIGNCOURSE ON SELECTED STUDENT TRAITSPeter Romine, Alabama A&M University Dr. Peter L. Romine is currently the Chairman of the Department of Technology at Alabama A&M University. He received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. He received his M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville.William Gile, Alabama A&M University Dr. William B. Gile is currently an assistant professor at the CTEL Department in the School of Education at Alabama A&M University. Prior to joining the faculty at Alabama A&

Conference Session

Unique Developments in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Harby, UCM; Patricia Polastri, UCM; Chakapong Chuenprasertsuk, UCM

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Page 12.77.4FIGURE 2. DIAGRAM OF THE RESEARCH TOOL USED IN THIS PROJECTTo demonstrate this method a simple typical hydraulic system is shown in Fig.1. Assume this isone station of a machine and for the process Cylinder 1 needs to fully extend then retract. Also,assume there is an input E for cycle start (receive token) and an input W for an emergency stop. Input/Output I/O on Allen-Bradley Definition Symbols MicroLogix™ 1000 A I:0/1 Limit switch 1 (Cylinder 1 extend) B I:0/2 Limit switch 2 (Cylinder 1 retract) C I:0/3

Conference Session

Electromechanical Capstone and Design Projects in ET

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Harding, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, and only one missedquestion 17, making the overall percentage for each question 100%, 100%, 100%, and 94.4%,respectively. This could indicate a good understanding of the material, or possibly that thequestions are a bit too easy. Either way, it was encouraging to see such a strong showing. Page 12.52.4 11. The two most basic categories of timing jitter are a. duty cycle distortion and time interval error. b. unit intervals and intersymbol interference. c. random and deterministic. d. cycle-cycle and n-cycle. 12. In order to measure time interval error, the “ideal” clock must be reconstructed. The

Conference Session

Assessment Methods

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Danielson, Arizona State University; Bradley Rogers, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

and analyzing components, assemblies and systems. Develop products andmanufacturing techniques demonstrating state of the art technology. Prerequisites: MachineDesign I and Advanced Manufacturing Processes.The sophomore course, AET 210, is an integrated lecture/laboratory course. Included in thiscourse are six laboratory experiences requiring students to write formal laboratory reports.These reports are graded both for technical content and the quality of the written presentation.Therefore, this course is an opportunity to assess both the analytical and writing skills of studentsat the sophomore level. The MMET faculty have identified this course as a bellwether coursesupporting five ABET outcomes, a, b, c, g and k. It is worthwhile to point

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Hsiung, Old Dominion University; John Hackworth, Old Dominion University; Richard Jones, Old Dominion University; June Ritchie, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Iowa State University in 1992.John Hackworth, Old Dominion University JOHN R. HACKWORTH is Program Director for the Electrical Engineering Technology program at Old Dominion University. He holds a B. S. Degree in Electrical Engineering Technology and a Master of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Old Dominion University. Prior to joining Old Dominion University, John had about 20 years of industrial experience. He is one of a few faculty members holding the special designation of University Professor.Richard Jones, Old Dominion University RICHARD L. JONES has been teaching at ODU since 1994. His areas of interest include digital and linear systems including hybrid circuits as

Conference Session

Manufacturing Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Rajadas, Arizona State University; Bradley Rogers, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, J.D., 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 20002. Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing , Barlow, J. B., Rae, Jr., W. H. and Pope, A., 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1999.3. Wind Tunnel Technique , Pankhurst, R. C., and Holder, D. W., Pittman Press, 1952.4. Investigation of Material Spillage from Waste and Recycling Collection Trucks, Technical Report submitted to Heil Environmental Industries Ltd., Phoenix, AZ. November 2003.5. ASU Polytechnic Low Speed Wind Tunnel Improvement and Validation, Report submitted by the students enrolled in AET420, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Department, ASU Polytechnic, Fall 2004. Page

Conference Session

Recruiting, Retention and Diversity in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Brower, Oregon Institute of Technology; Richard Grimsley, Project Lead The Way; Pam Newberry, Project Lead The Way

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

years and has worked in both manufacturing and construction. He has served on a multitude of committees and has been recognized for his service with such awards as the Association of Texas Technology Education Hall of Honor in 2001 and the International Technology Education Association’s 1999 Leader to Watch.Pam Newberry, Project Lead The Way Pam B. Newberry is the Director of Pre-Engineering Curriculum for Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW is a non-profit 501 (c)(3) organization that provides pre-engineering curricula for schools in 47 states and over 1600 schools. Prior to joining PLTW in July 2002, she served as the Associate Director for the International Technology Education

Conference Session

Computer and Information Technology-Related Issues

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ghassan Ibrahim, Bloomsburg University; Owen Wesstrom, Keystone Communications; Chris Root, PSU/Harrisburg; Kyle Noss, Benatec Associates, PA

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

due to various transmissions, and terrain changes. It is an additional loss that is Page 12.510.5added to the free space loss in the analysis and usually important over a long transmission path.Fm arg in = 30 Log10 D + 20 Log10 (6 × ABF ) − 10 Log10 (1 − R) − 70 ……..2Where: Fmargin=Fade Margin (dB), D=Distance (km), F=Frequency (GHz), R=Reliability, (1-R)=Reliability Factor,A=Terrain Sensitivity (roughness factor), for Water =4, Mountainous=0.25, Average=1,B=Climate, Annual availability=1, Hot/humid=0.5, Average inland area=0.25, Very drymountain area=0.125].The above formulae and a link budget calculator from AFAR Communication6, shown in

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Student Performance

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmine Balascio, University of Delaware; Eric Benson, University of Delaware; Lawrence Hotchkiss, University of Delaware; William Balascio, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the term in which a course was offeredwere also available for ET majors for semesters prior to Fall 2006.Table 1. Course and Data Characteristics. Student-Course Semesters Number of Weeks of ID* Brief Description of data Students Time Data A First year course, laboratory only, required submittal of lab notebook and problem sets 5 65 888 (1 credit) B First year, lecture and lab, required submittal of projects, lab reports, and 1 19 285 problem sets (4 credits) C

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Industrial Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; Zachary Kuhn, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the laser’s important features include4: • The laser is a diode-pumped solid state laser meaning that it uses a solid medium that is solid, rather than a gas, such as CO2. • There are two lasers on-board: a 266-nanometer (nm) and a 532-nm wavelength head for processing softer materials (polymers, plastics, and glass) and harder materials (metals and ceramics), respectively. • It has five-axis CNC control for three-dimensional machining: x- and y-axis control of the table in the horizontal plane, z-axis control of the laser’s vertical position, b-axis rotation about the y-axis, and c-axis rotation about the z-axis. • Galvo scanning heads provide the capability of laser machining inside a workspace

Conference Session

Electrical Technology Projects and Applications

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farid Farahmand, farahmandfar@ccsu.edu

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

and software requirements to perform this experiment are listed in Table 1.Figure 1 shows the server/client network setup required for this laboratory experiment.This experiment is divided into the following three main parts: a) Installing the hardware and configuring the voice server and clients. b) Analyzing the voice quality under different network constraints. c) Monitoring calls as well as examining voice packets and VoIP signaling protocols.In the following paragraphs we describe details pertaining to each part. The complete labmanual can be retrieved from reference3. More details regarding the installation ofTrixBox V2.0 can be found in reference4.In the first part of the experiment, each group with two or three

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Cook, Montana State University; Robb Larson, Montana State University; Keith Fisher, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

; VII. Assume ethical leadership roles that contribute to the success of their organization or community; and VIII. Advance in the profession.The MET outcomes defined for MET graduates states that “The MET program seeks to producegraduates with a good foundation in engineering fundamentals as well as one strong inapplications, design, problem recognition and resolution, project management, communication,and professional and ethical responsibility. MET graduates will:8 1. Fundamentals: Demonstrate math, basic science and engineering science skills necessary for proficiency in MET careers. (contributes to abet criteria a, b, f) 2. Applications: Demonstrate an ability to integrate basic theoretical, experimental

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Backer, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

United States. There areseven sections in this multimedia: What is Science?, What is Technology?, What is Scientificand Technological Literacy?, The Scientific Method, Attitudes Toward Technology, TechnologyDependence and Technology Traps, and Impact of Technology on Society. Each of the sectionscontains text, movies, pictures, and audio clips that relate to the topic. Figure 1 shows a samplescreenshot for the introduction page to Section 5 (Attitudes Toward Technology) of Unit 1. Theobjectives for Unit 1 are listed below.Unit 1 Objectives: a. Contrast the concepts of science and technology. b. Describe the evolution of “modern science” as a Western construct. c. Differentiate among the various definitions of scientific and

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

engineering and construction b. Extract information from standard construction contract and bid documents c. Compare alternative construction methods and materials d. Perform material quantity calculations and take-offs e. Estimate labor and equipment requirements for construction activities f. Prepare comprehensive construction cost estimates g. Use spreadsheets and industry software as aids in preparing cost estimates. As a pragmatic approach to properly assess the Course Learning Outcomes, theinstructor identified specific Subject Areas of Emphasis (SAE) that provided a mediumfor assessing student performance throughout the course. Table 6 (See the

Conference Session

Best Practices in Industrial Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manocher Djassemi

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Adv an ced M od erate B asic N one 1 2 3 4 1 M y skill in 2D C A D after takin g IT445 is: 50% 30% befo re:taking IT445 is: 25% 10% 60% 15

Conference Session

Issues Affecting Engineering Technology Program Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Rouch, Ohio Northern University; Adam Stienecker, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Alternative Energy Initiative website - http://www.lcc.edu/energy. [4] Lawrence Technological University Alternative Energy website -http://www.ltu.edu/engineering/mechanical/alt_energy.asp. [5] Pollard, C. and Pollard R., “Research Priorities in Educational Technology: A Delphi Study,” J. of Researchon Technology in Education, December 2004. [6] Rockwell, K., Furgason, J., and Marx, D., “Research and Evaluation Needs for Distance Education: ADelphi Study,” Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, V. III, # III, 2000. [7] Scott, D., Washer, B., Wright, M., “A Delphi Study to Identify Recommended Biotechnology Competenciesfor First-Year/Initially Certified Technology Education Teachers,” J. of Technology Education, V. 17, # 2

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Woodward-Hagg, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Deanna Suskovich, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Jamie Workman-Germann, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Susan Scachitti, Purdue University-Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

patient outcomes. Page 12.502.11i Hwang RW, Herndon JH. (2007). The Business Case for Patient Safety. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Schmidek, J M. Weeks, W. B. (2005). What Do We Know About Financial Returns on Investments iniiPatient Safety? A Literature Review. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 31(12),690-699. S. Leatherman, et al. (2003). The Business Case for Quality: Case Studies and Analysis. Health Affairs,iii22(2), 17-30. L. Feazell and J. Marren. (2003). The Quality-Value Proposition in Health Care. Journal of Health CareivFinance, 30(2), 1-29

Conference Session

Professional Development and Scholarship

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Khan, DeVry University; Amin Karim, DeVry University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

).” Page 12.736.19• “It is one of about four keys to success. Others include industry involvement, lab content, and student quality of preparation.” • “Technical currency is not by itself a significant determining factor. It helps relating subject matter to today, but student learning is dependent on the key classical factors: Classroom management, delivery, classroom interaction, and of course the student sensitivity and positive personal impact of the instructor.” • “Our university and department provide all resources for professional development.” • “Up keeping the technical currency of faculty is very important as new technologies emerge.”Appendix B lists the participants’ comments for the 2003

Conference Session

Leadership Perspectives in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University; William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2007-1498: FACULTY WITH INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE BRING A REALWORLD PERSPECTIVE TO ENGINEERING EDUCATIONDonald Richter, Eastern Washington University DONALD C. RICHTER obtained his B. Sc. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from The Ohio State University, M.S. and Ph.D. in Engineering from the University of Arkansas. He holds a Professional Engineer certification and worked as an Engineer and Engineering Manger in industry for 20 years before teaching. His interests include project management, robotics /automation and air pollution dispersion modeling.William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University WILLIAM R. LOENDORF obtained his B.Sc. in Engineering Science at the University of

Conference Session

Manufacturing Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Otieno, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Number of students responding (percentage in parenthesis) Question # A B C D E 1 3 (13.6) 6 (27.3) 12 (54.5) 1 (4.5) 0 (0) 2 1 (4.5) 6 (27.3) 13 (59.1) 2 (9.1) 0 (0) 3 2 (9.1) 7 (31.8) 9 (40.9) 4 (18.2) 0 (0) 4 2 (9.1) 6 (27.3) 12 (54.5) 2 (9.1) 0 (0) 5 3 (13.6) 5 (22.7) 14 (63.6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 6 (27.3) 8 (36.4) 7 (31.8) 1 (4.5) 0 (0) 7 0 (0) 9 (40.9