Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Tull, Lafayette College; Lee Clapp, Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Donna Fennell, Rutgers University; Tim La para, Minnesota; Alok Bhandari, Kansas State University; Sharon Jones, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-656: DIVERSITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING: THE GOOD ANDBADTim La para, MinnesotaAlok Bhandari, Kansas State UniversityDonna Fennell, Rutgers UniversityKristen Tull, Lafayette CollegeLee Clapp, Texas A&M University-KingsvilleSharon Jones, Lafayette College Page 11.491.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Diversity in Environmental Engineering: The Good and BadAbstractEngineering diversity remains a problem in the USA despite ongoing efforts by government,academia, and the private sector. A committee of the Association of Environmental Engineeringand Science Professors (AEESP) is characterizing diversity within the environmentalengineering

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaoqi Zhang, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Clifford Bruell, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Yexin Yin, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Praveen Jayaradu, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Mark Hines, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

% 0% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time (min) Figure 2. TCE dechlorination by nanoscale Pd/Fe. Page 12.973.5AssessmentModules were evaluated by the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute (UMDI). Twosurvey instruments were used, namely feedback surveys (Appendix A) and multiple choice pre-post-tests (see Appendixes B, C

Conference Session

Problem- Project- and Case-Based Learning in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jason Hill, University of Southern Indiana; Zane W. Mitchell Jr., University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

competition was designed by the instructor torequire both teams to use results and procedures from earlier experiments (Table 2). Each teamwas required to make several design decisions and work effectively as a team to minimize thetotal treatment time.Each team was provided with the following supplies: • Two coagulants (A and B): polyaluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate • Potassium Permanganate, KMnCl4 • Chlorox Bleach (5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) • Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) solution (concentration not specified) • Sodium Hydroxide (0.02 N) Page 24.304.9 • Sulfuric Acid (0.02 N) • Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) powder

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division: Curricula, Criteria, Student Performance, and Growth

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phil Dacunto P.E., U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

1 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Mean grade: Math 103 and Chem 101 Figure 2. Relationship between final cumulative major GPA and the mean of each student’sgrades in freshman math and chemistry courses (p < 0.005, n=88). Course grades are converted to standard 4-point scale (A=4, B=3, C=2, D=1). 4.5 Final cumulative major GPA 4 y = 0.3504x + 2.0219

Conference Session

Enviromental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veera Gnaneswar Gude P.E., Mississippi State University; Dennis D. Truax PE, BCEE, F.ASCE, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

give an opportunity to all thestudents to participate effectively in discussion. The reporter takes notes of the relevant outcomeswhile the leader leads the discussion by asking fellow members questions and also contributingto the discussion. As the course requires the students to exercise critical thinking which is a higher order thinking and learning, it becomes necessary to evaluate the student performance on the basis of Bloom’s levels of learning. Students improved grades by participating in the SI sessions (Fig. 1). It should be noted that the grade improvement from B to A is observed to be common and the percentage of grade improvement is acceptable which does not skew the overall grade of the class. Students who achieve a grade of A

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melanie L. Sattler, University of Texas, Arlington; Victoria C. P. Chen, University of Texas, Arlington; Brian H. Dennis, University of Texas, Arlington; Stephen P. Mattingly, University of Texas, Arlington; K.J. Rogers, University of Texas, Arlington; Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington; Madhu Rani, University of Texas, Arlington; Ketwalee Kositkanawuth

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

sustainability concepts and terminology (freshman level and beyond) B. Identify components of sustainability and impact metrics (freshman level and beyond) C. Examine and prioritize project impacts on sustainability (junior level and beyond) D. Recognize engineering solution impacts on sustainability and impact metrics (junior level, senior project, and internship) E. Identify mitigation strategies for reducing negative impacts on sustainability (junior level and beyond) F. Demonstrate and develop oral and written communication skills (internship) G. Perform a comprehensive evaluation of candidate engineering solutions that includes sustainability (senior project, internship)Achievement of Objectives A-E was assessed via

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fethiye Ozis P.E., Northern Arizona University; Nihal Sarikaya, Northern Arizona University; Adam Bringhurst

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, asking for the students’ opinion using the 5-point LikertScale (Appendix B). The intent of the post-activity assessment survey was to gauge the effect ofthe activity itself. Of the 35 registered students, 31 students were present in the class and completedboth assessments.The demonstration incorporated the use of an aquarium, bowl, hot water, dry ice, a bubblemachine, and colored smoke bombs to explain how inversion works. The aquarium containingdenser colder CO2 gas from the dry ice surrounded by warmer room air creates a temperatureinversion. When bubbles are blown over to the aquarium, it is observed that bubbles float on theartificial inversion layer. The objective was to show that bubbles do not sink with the presence ofan inversion layer

Conference Session

Service - Learning Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Wright, Michigan Technological University; Linda Phillips, Michigan Technological University; James Mihelcic, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Criterion 3. Program Outcomes and Assessment13Engineering programs must demonstrate that their students attain the following outcomes:(a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering(b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data(c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability(d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility(g) an ability to communicate effectively

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Epolito, U.S. Military Academy; Michael Butkus, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ a a b a c d a b,e a aa = limited information available; b = combined biology and chemistry course; c = based on ENE656; d = extensivepublic health material; and, e = may be an elective

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johanna Lönngren, Chalmers University of Technology; Magdalena Svanström, Chalmers University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

engineering students’ approaches to WSPsThe current study builds on previous empirical research about engineering students’ approachesto a specific WSP: water shortage in Jordan. In a phenomenographic study, we previouslyidentified four distinct approaches towards the problem1,2. In an order of increasing complexity,these approaches are called (A.) simplify and avoid, (B.) divide and control, (C.) isolate andsuccumb, and (D.) integrate and balance. Approach A is characterized by a general lack ofsincere engagement with the problem. Approach B represents an instrumental approach todealing with the problem. The problem is assumed to be divisible into independent parts that canbe solved in isolation from each other. Approach C differs from approach B in

Conference Session

Sustainability and Engineering Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Lynch, Dartmouth College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

. Page 13.1129.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Sustainable Natural Resource EngineeringAbstractNatural Resources figure centrally in the understanding of Sustainability and the Professionalresponsibility of engineers. A teaching approach is outlined that a) utilizes standardEngineering preparation in applied mathematics; b) applies it as a unifying theme across thenatural resource field; c) embeds basic undergraduate exposure to ecological and economicconcepts; and d) operates via desktop simulation tools accessible to all university students. Theapproach suggested is related to the new American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Body ofKnowledge (BOK2) requirement of Sustainability.IntroductionNatural

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter McDonald, Virginia Tech; Daniel S Brogan, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Randel L. Dymond, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

://www.abet.org/uploadedFiles/Accreditation/Accreditation_Step_by_Step/Accreditation_Documents/Curre nt/2013_-_2014/eac-criteria-2013-2014.pdf14. Jones, B. D. (2009). Motivating students to engage in learning: The MUSIC model of academic motivation. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 21(2), 272-285.15. Brogan, D.S., Lohani, V.K., and Dymond, R.L., 2014. Work in Progress: The Platform-Independent Remote Monitoring System (PIRMS) for Situating Users in the Field Virtually. Proc. 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Indianapolis, Indiana.16. McDonald, W.M., Lohani, V.K., Dymond, R.L., Brogan, D.S., Bradner, A., 2014. Integrating a Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Lab into University

Conference Session

Enhancing Environmental Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jess Everett, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

15.943.2materials before covering them in class. Calculation exercises were used as homework (HW) toPage 15.943.3Page 15.943.4was insufficient evidence to claim that students completing MML homework performed betterthan the students using traditional paper-based, instructor-graded homework (at a significancelevel of 0.05). However, the student success rate (final grade of A, B or C) was 70% in theMyMathLab group and 49% in the traditional homework group. In another study, introductoryphysics students completed homework using either the Web or paper.12 Performances on regularexams, conceptual exams, quizzes, laboratory, and homework showed no significant differencesbetween the two groups. Students in an electrical engineering signals and systems course

Conference Session

Sustainability and engineering education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas; TAHAR MESSADI, UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS; John Henry Kester III, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

feedback, change of goalsSource: “A Taste of Systemics,” by B. Banathy, 1997, International Society for the Systems Sciences.The major hurdle met is the paradigm of education advocating the distinction of disciplines fromthe early years and eventual departmental structures of higher education.41 The formation ofsustainability science accounts for the need of adopting the broader scope of understandingtheoretical dispositions because of the systemic issues that are prominent in the field.42 The mixof knowledge needed to provide effective guidance requires a suite of research methods.43 It isour goal in this course development project to create an experience for undergraduate studentsthat introduces them to the practice of research and informs them

Conference Session

Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Timothy Aaron Wood, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering

engineeringjudgement to ensure that the right scientific theories have been applied properly.ConclusionThe three-model framework and its application to engineering problem solving is a useful toolfor helping students develop as engineers. The three models can help students better understandthe engineering problem solving format and make sense of the efforts of their educationalexperience in college. Ideally, each engineering graduate has developed an appreciation andrespect for reality, and mental models that intuitively understand how the world works, and theengineering/math models to quantitatively predict outcomes consistent with both their mentalmodel and reality.References[1] R. B. Landis, Studying Engineering: A Road Map to a Rewarding Career, 5th ed

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Lynch, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

. 1, 9-16.19 DeVantier, B. A. 2004. Environmenatl Education, Homeland Security, Environmental Engineering, and OtherPoints of View. Journal of Environmental Engineering. April 2004, 361- 362.20 Shea, T. American Academy of Environmental Engineers. Important Announcement, on the internet athttp://www.aaee.net/Website/SheaLetter.htm (accessed 17 January 2006).21 Cohen, Y. and Siegel, R. The Future of the Environmental Engineering Profession. On the Internet athttp://www.envdiv.seas.ucla.edu/News/future_of_the_environmental_engi.htm (accessed 8 March 2006).22 Brakewood, L. H., Cooper, A. T., and Flora, J. R. 2003. Why is Environmental Engineering an ImportantAspect of Environmental Education? Journal of Environmental Engineering. April 2003

Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Stewart Slater, Rowan University; Mariano Savelski, Rowan University; Robert Hesketh, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

equivalent to the maximum value of thatparticular parameter. These values were then scaled in a linearly fashion utilizing the followingformulas: log b x − log b x min 1− (1a) log b x max − log b x min log b x − log b x min (1b) log b xmax − log b x min where logbx is the log base value of specified solvent logbxMIN is the minimum log base value of solvent for known parameter

Conference Session

What Else do Environmental Engineers Need to Know

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Powers, Clarkson University; Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Suresh Dhaniyala, Clarkson University; Mary Margaret Monica Small, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

b, d, i, k HW, project assess the effects of climate change processes on earth systems To enable students to understand the current global policies as related to HW, h, j climate change discussion To prepare students to present their work professionally g project *(a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering; (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data; (d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams; (e) an ability to identify

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annalisa Onnis-Hayden , Northeastern University; Carolina Beatriz Venegas-Martinez, Northeastern University; Marissa P. Dreyer, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

presentation for each project.During the presentation, the students are required to demonstrate understanding of the project,the needs, and the approach. If the instructor considers the proposal from a team as satisfactory, aproject is awarded and the students can start working on the project. All capstone projectsinvolve: (a) understanding the problem from a client’s perspective, (b) formulating, designing,and comparing alternatives, (c) applying engineering standards and modern computing tools, and(d) consideration of economics, aesthetics, sustainability, manufacturability, and impact to thenatural environment, ethics, social impact, political context, and public health and safety. - New Approach for Capstone Projects: The Grand Engineering

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Experiences and Assessment in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Butler, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

of a statistical test ofsignificance.The first desired outcome was for students to understand the definition of sustainabledevelopment, the concept of life cycle stages, and the steps and environmental processesincluded in life cycle assessments (Fink’s “foundational knowledge”6). Comparison of thebefore and after survey results (Figure 1, Appendix question 1) indicates a significant increase in Before After a. I can define the term "product life cycle". b. I can list most of the stages in the life cycle of a product that I use every day (e.g., something in my backpack or home). c. I can define the term

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Butler Velegol, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Quiz 1 and Quiz 2 were similar in technical topic anddirectly related the question to the design. Quiz #1 Assume that the limestone and AMD-impacted, CO2-enriched st water are reacting in a CSTR. What volume is required for a 1 order decay rate constant of 5 sec-1 if the flow rate is 100 gpm, the concentration of dissolved CO2 entering the reactor is 5000 ppm and the concentration of CO2 exiting the reactor is 10 ppb? a. 0.17 million gallons b. 10 million gallons c. 0.33 gallons d. 20 gallons Quiz #2 Assume you have a CSTR

Conference Session

Innovations to Curriculum and Program

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado at Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

specific courses focusing on energy were found listed on the website; this may bedue to the newness of the program.Energy Related Programs at the University of Colorado at BoulderAt the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-B), there is no single curriculum with a strongemphasis on energy. The University of Colorado has a task force to study energy, with aRenewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative started in 2006 (http://www.colorado.edu/insidecu/editions/2006/2-28/chancellor.html; http://engineering.colorado.edu/industry/Energy.htm). Avariety of activities at the University that are related to energy are described briefly below.The Joint Center for Energy Management (JCEM) in the Department of Civil, Environmental, &Architectural Engineering

Conference Session

Introducing Sustainability into Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Brandes, Lafayette College, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, Vol 21, No. 18. Amadei, B. and R. Sandekian, 2010. Model of Integrating Humanitarian Development into Engineering Education. ASCE Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice. Vol 136, Issue 2, pp. 84-92.9. Smith, J.H., and D. Brandes, 2010. Academic support for Engineers Without Borders-USA student chapters: The Lafayette College experience. ASEE Spring 2010 Mid-Atlantic Section Conference, Lafayette College10. Mihelcic, J.R., J.C. Crittenden, M.J. Small, D.R. Shonnard, D.R. Hokanson, Q Zhang, H Chen, S.A. Sorby, V.U. James, J.W. Sutherland, and J.L. Schnoor, 2003. Sustainability Science and Engineering: The Emergence of a New Metadiscipline. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol 37, 23

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula III

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

assessmentsummary resultsQuestion Average Result1.) How many episodes did you watch (out of 12)? 9.02.) Which technology did you use to watch the iTunes = 43%episodes? Web browser = 57% Video iPod = 0%3.) How many times did you watch each episode? 1.364.) How long should an episode last? 12.6 min5.) How should podcasts be used in engineeringeducation? Rate 1-10 (1=bad idea, 10=great idea) a.) Like in this class a.) 8.1 b.) Hour-long lectures

Conference Session

Sustainability and engineering education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandre David Wing, Colorado School of Mines; Cristal Hibbard, Colorado School of Mines; Jennifer Strong, Colorado School of Mines; Jörg E Drewes, Colorado School of Mines; Junko Munakata-Marr, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Cycle & Taste Test & & Reuse Water Treatment Hungry BugsOf the following The sector that uses the Approximately how much A microorganism thatprocesses, which is most most water in the U.S. is: of the Earth’s surface is obtains its carbon sourceresponsible for chemical water? from CO2 gas is a(n):removal? a. households (residences) b. agriculture a. 33% a. autotroph c. manufacturing b. 50

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Bergendahl, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

. Fromabsorbance data, students can evaluate the effectiveness of removal of the contaminant underpredetermined conditions (i.e. contaminant concentration, water superficial velocity).The procedure for running the experiment is: (a) open a browser to the server’s IP address; (b)download the “Labview” runtime (automatically prompted for download and installed if it is notalready installed on the user’s computer); (c) rinse the contaminant from the media with a diluteacid solution (~10% HCl) for about 30 s by pushing the “acid rinse” pump toggle switch toinitiate the acid rinse, and pushing it again to stop; (d) flush the acid from the media by flowingclean rinse water (purified water) through the column for 2 min by using the “rinse water” pumptoggle

Conference Session

Project-Based Service Learning

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maya Trotz, University of South Florida; Ken Thomas, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Page 14.1155.3definition of the term which has received a lot of attention at the university in recent years. (a) (b) Figure 1: Google Earth images showing spatial location of five ponds utilized for group project. (a) Ponds 1-4 relative to community Pond 5. (b) Spread of Ponds 1-4 on the University of South Florida campus.Given the structure of the course, Y5 is conducted every Tuesday and Wednesday afternoon forthe first ten weeks of class at one of the ponds closest to the laboratory (usually Pond 2 or 3).Project ComponentsThe class project then builds on Lab Y5 by expanding the number of ponds studied to five, thetime

Conference Session

Techniques to Enhance Environmental Engineering Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac W. Wait, Marshall University; Richard F. McCormick, Marshall University; Sydney M. Wait, Marshall University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

should be investigated throughexperimentation, and pointed toward the laboratory equipment they will need to conduct theexperiments. In this project, students were responsible for: (a) identifying the input parametersthat would be investigated, (b) identifying existing analytical methods for characterizingdependent variables, (c) developing new analytical methods for characterizing behavior where anexisting formalized approach did not exist, (d) creating an experimental matrix that summarizedthe key parameters under evaluation during each run of the experiment, and (e) developingsuitable datasheets, lab notebooks, and other data storage methods for collecting and preservingthe results of experimentation. Because students are typically unfamiliar

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1: Intercultural Competency-infused Teaching

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University; Micah Iserman, Texas Tech University; Jessica C. Pittman, Texas Tech University; Nigel Yeo, Texas Tech University; Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University; Jeong-Hee Kim, Texas Tech University; Danny D. Reible, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

], with Improve World sentences beingused about the same amount as Reflection (b = .05, p = .96) and Teamwork (b = -1.10, p = .24)sentences, but less than Self-Improvement sentences (b = 5.40, p < .001), and more than Othersentences (b = -4.10, p < .001). Examples from students’ responses are shown in Table 5.Figure 2. Average Number of Sentences Per How Subcategory Across StudentsTable 5. Examples of Improve World, Reflection, Self-Improvement, and TeamworkSentences in How Sentences Human Classification Examples Improve World Reflection Self-Improvement Teamwork In my professional life I Thinking creatively can I will refocus my efforts Being a good

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

the “banking education” format. Thus, it is valuable togather information regarding students’ preference with regard to the new coursestructure.3. New Structure:In Spring of 2005, CE4506 was team taught by two new instructors. Instructor Awas a professional engineer at a local firm. Instructor B was a Ph. D. candidate inEnvironmental Engineering at Michigan Tech. The two instructors rotated on aweekly basis. Thus, each taught every other week. The class was taught onMonday, Wednesday, and Friday, in one hour sessions. Course format changesincluded alterations to the components of the student grade and the classroomteaching methods as described in the following sections.3.1 Student Grade ComponentsStudent grades for the class were based on the