Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Alberto G. De La Cruz, Savannah State University; Frederick T. Sheldon, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

continuity of operations (i.e., maintains confidentiality, integrity and availability).Below is the program of study for the Bachelor in Computer Science Technology withCybersecurity option. This paper will discuss the six newly developed courses with focus onCybersecurity.Program of Study –Bachelor of Science in Computer Science TechnologyAreas A, B, C, D, E, and additional requirements 43 hrs.MATH 1113 Required in Core Area A COST 1103 First Year Experience 2 hrs *Area F 17 hrs CSCI 1301 Computer Science I 3 hrs CSCI 1302 Computer Science II 3 hrs MATH 2101 Calculus I 4 hrs MATH 2301 Discrete Mathematics 3 hrs CSCI

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Alavizadeh, Purdue University Northwest; Maged Mikhail, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

piston and rod sizes.The gages in the figure show the pressure at the cap end of the cylinders during the retractioncycle. Figure 9. The simulation of the circuit shown in Figure 8. The cylinders have different specificationsIn summary, students follow these steps to complete the first part of the lab: a- Given the known variables such as, cylinders’ spec., pressure, etc., calculate the maximum weight that each cylinder can lift. b- Estimate the cylinders speed (students are to measure the time it takes for each cylinder to fully extend and then calculate the speed of each cylinder) c- Build the circuit using Automation Studio to verify the calculation. d

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaojing Yuan, University of Houston (CoT); Xiaohui Yuan, University of North Texas; David Adam Harden; Yang Lu

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

userexperience with the system. All user interfaces provide data/waveformvisualization and simple analysis functions that Page 23.353.4can be fed into control strategies. In addition, Figure 4 (a) mySmart User Interface Designvoice recognition capability is also integrated in all user interfaces to provide a more intuitiveinteraction mechanism. System logic is designed such that human commands (whether in the Figure 4 (b) Three panels user interface on computerform of voice or clicking on the control button) always get the highest priority. For

Conference Session

Contemporary Instrumentation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Rajai, Northern Kentucky University; Hank Javan, University of Memphis; Seyed Allameh, Northern Kentucky University; Horold Wiebe, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

nanotechnology is being adopted in undergraduatecurricula, teaching MEMS instrumentation becomes more relevant to the engineeringtechnology programs.Bibliography1. Graduate Bulletin, The University of Memphis, 1001-2003.2. H. Javan, B. Pappas, "Simulating Transistor Characteristics", Proceeding of the International Association of Science and Technology Development, Modeling and Simulation, pp. 60-63, 2000. Page 11.471.103. H. javan, A. Crawford, "Computer Aided Instrumentation Design", ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2001.Page 11.471.11

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Martha L. Torres, University of Texas at El Paso; Virgilio Ernesto Gonzalez, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Percentage of students Percentage of students Percentage of students Final according to the final grade. according to the final according to the final grade for grade (Total students enrolled = grade for Method 1. Method 2 72) (Total students = 65) (Total students = 7) A 56.9% 52.77% 4.16% B 22.2% 19.44% 2.77% C 9.72% 8.33% 1.38% F 11.18% 9.8% 1.38%Comparing the methods created for virtual

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Rafiq Muqri, DeVry University, Pomona; Furqan Muqri, UT Southwestern Medical School; Shih Ek Chng, DeVry University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #6013Matching Pursuits in EEG AnalysisDr. Mohammad Rafiq Muqri, DeVry University, PomonaMr. Furqan Muqri, UT Southwestern Medical SchoolProf. Shih Ek Chng, DeVry University Page 23.886.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Matching Pursuits in EEG Analysis : Development of a diagnostic toolAn Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is the recording of the electrical activity (voltagefluctuations) along the scalp due to the currents that flow during synaptic excitations of

Conference Session

Modern Software Measurement Techniques

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracey Windley, University of Idaho; Jasper Nance, University of Idaho; Kevin Buck, University of Idaho; Herbert Hess, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

2006-1304: INSTANT DATA GATHERING, PROCESSING, AND DISPLAY FORINDUSTRY SPONSOR USING INTERFACED SOFTWARE PACKAGESTracey Windley, University of Idaho Tracey Windley grew up in Moscow Idaho and started his education at the University of Idaho in 2002 for a BS Electrical Engineering. He is currently a senior emphasizing his education in microelectronics and semiconductor physics. He is currently at the MRCI at the Univeristy of Idaho doing research in the area of microelectronics.Jasper Nance, University of IdahoKevin Buck, University of IdahoHerbert Hess, University of Idaho Herb Hess received the PhD degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1993. He served on the faculty of the United

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #6350Programmable Logic Controllers: Essential and AffordableDr. John Marshall, University of Southern Maine John Marshall received his Ph.D. from Texas A&M University and is the Departmental Internship Co- ordinator at the University of Southern Maine. His areas of specialization include Power and Energy Processing, Applied Process Control Engineering, Automation, Fluid Power, and Facility Planning. Page 23.989.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho; Lance Gerard Funke, University of Idaho; Chris Hoene

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #26096Undergraduate Students Perform Successful Cogeneration Study for Univer-sityDr. Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho Herb Hess is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Idaho, where he teaches subjects in He received the PhD Degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1993. His research and teaching interests are in power electronics, electric machines and drives, electrical power systems, and analog/mixed signal electronics. He has taught senior capstone design since 1985 at several universities. He was elected a Fellow of the ASEE in 2018.Mr. Lance Gerard Funke, University of Idaho

Conference Session

Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Bowker; Saleh M. Sbenaty, Middle Tennessee State University; Mark Newton Johnson, Equipass ID

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2011-1603: ANIMAL RECORD MANAGEMENT USING AN EMBED-DED RFID-BASED SYSTEMMr. David Bowker David Bowker is currently working as an Embedded Application Engineer at a consumer electronics company in Nashville, TN. He received his BS degree in Computer Engineering Technology and MS degree in Engineering Technology from Middle Tennessee State University.Saleh M. Sbenaty, Middle Tennessee State University Dr. Sbenaty is currently a Professor of Engineering Technology at Middle Tennessee State University. He received the BS degree in EE from Damascus University and the MS and Ph.D. degrees in EE from Tennessee Technological University. He is actively engaged in curriculum development for technological education. He

Conference Session

Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Tyler Schecklman, Savannah Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

worldwide without time constraint,permitting information to be displayed on any client platform. This has generated great impacton the processing and control of information/knowledge acquisition in home andmanufacturing/commerce automation. The ability to acquire information and even to controlinstruments/devices at fingertips over the Internet is becoming desirable not only to theprofessionals but also to the end users in general. Thanks to the development of InternetTechnology, distance monitoring and control of devices are emerging realities. Individualsnowadays can access information and receive signals at home over the Internet. Networkconnections can be used for transmitting and receiving data from a microcontroller because inmost cases, the

Conference Session

Instrumentation Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Jamail Davis; Wayland L. Hickman; Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2012-3506: DESIGN AND CONTROL OF AN AIR HEATER PROCESSMr. Corey Jamail DavisMr. Wayland L. HickmanDr. Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown Vassilios Tzouanas is an Assistant Professor of control and instrumentation in the Engineering Technology Department at the University of Houston, Downtown. Tzouanas earned a diploma in chemical engineering from Aristotle University, a master’s of science degree in chemical engineering/process control from the University of Alberta, and a doctorate of philosophy degree in chemical engineering/process control from Lehigh University. His research interests focus on process control systems, process modeling, and simulation. His industrial professional experience

Conference Session

New Instrumentation Ideas

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy Buchanan, University of Southern Mississippi; Steven Bunkley, University of Southern Mississippi

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2010-2123: INSTRUMENTATION FOR SHOCK AND IMPACT ANALYSISRandy Buchanan, University of Southern MississippiSteven Bunkley, University of Southern Mississippi Page 15.756.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Instrumentation for Impact AnalysisAbstractA test apparatus and appropriate instrumentation were designed by a student with the help of afaculty, to test the deceleration time of a specified impact force applied to a test subject. Theapparatus was made to be adaptable to different configuration requirements of future research.This apparatus utilized the accelerating force of gravity in a procedure known as “drop testing”,in which the

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session III

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Alex Wong, Digilent Inc.; Derek W. Edens

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #6926Remote Circuit Design Labs with Analog DiscoveryDr. Asad Yousuf, Savannah State UniversityMr. Alex Wong, Digilent Inc.Mr. Derek W. Edens I am a Senior studying Electronics Engineering Technology at Savannah State University. I earned an Associates Degree from Savannah Technical College. Currently, I am the President of the IEEE Student Chapter at Savannah State College and served as the founding Chairman of Savannah Technical College’s IEEE Student Chapter. Areas of interest include but are not limited to Autonomous Robotic Applications, UAV,Optics,and Electromechanical Security

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Daniel Dannelley, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott; Elliott Bryner, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #29710Fundamental Instrumentation Course for Undergraduate Aerospace andMechanical EngineeringDr. Daniel Dannelley, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott Dr. Dannelley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, Arizona. He teaches courses in thermal-fluid sciences, instrumenta- tion, and senior design. Prior to joining Embry-Riddle he worked as a consultant in the pulp & paper, chemical, and power industries. His current research interests are heat transfer and thermal management.Dr. Elliott Bryner, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Dadds, USNA; Svetlana Avramov-Zamurovic, U.S. Department of Defense

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2008-1852: OBJECT CLASSIFICATION USING ROBOTIC MANIPULATORINSTRUMENTED WITH SENSORSNicholas Dadds, USNASvetlana Avramov-Zamurovic, U.S. Department of Defense Page 13.938.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Object Classification through Tactile Sensing Nicholas A. Dadds and Dr. Svetlana Avramov-Zamurovic United States Naval Academy Department of Weapons & Systems Engineering The goal of this project is to classify objects based on their individual characteristics.This project will span over two semesters in

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mustafa G. Guvench, University of Southern Maine; Mao Ye, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #13946Automated Bode-Magnitude and Bode-Phase Frequency Response Testing ofAnalog Systems and Electronic Circuits Using Standard USB interfaced TestInstrumentsDr. Mustafa G. Guvench, University of Southern Maine Dr. Guvench received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics from Case Western Reserve University. He is currently a full professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern Maine. Prior to joining U.S.M. he served on the faculties of the University of Pittsburgh and M.E.T.U., Ankara, Turkey. His research interests and publications span the field of microelectronics

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurement Innovation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2010-1213: MEMS ACCELEROMETER INVESTIGATION IN ANUNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY INSTRUMENTATIONLABORATORYDale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Dale H. Litwhiler is an Associate Professor at Penn State, Berks Campus in Reading, PA. He received his B.S. from Penn State University (1984), his M.S. from Syracuse University (1989) and his Ph.D. from Lehigh University (2000) all in electrical engineering. Prior to beginning his academic career in 2002, he worked with IBM Federal Systems and Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems as a hardware and software design engineer

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Rafiq Muqri, DeVry University, Pomona; Robert Alfaro

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

computing tend to be difficult for beginning freshman and sophomorestudents. This difficulty is reinforced by the use of cheap simulators as opposed to hands-onmicroprocessor development tools. The faculty at DeVry University is developing new hands onapplication-oriented laboratory exercises which can actively engage students. These laboratoryexercises will also be helpful to students who will take capstone senior project coursework.The use of carefully crafted laboratory exercises is very important in exposing engineeringtechnology students to microprocessor projects. The previous assembly language laboratoryexercises were used in a two-course microprocessor sequence taught over a fourteen weeksemester. The newer three-course microprocessor

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurement: Innovative Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gurinder Singh, Future Technology Devices International Ltd. (USA); Lakshmi Munukutla

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2008-1386: ENHANCING LABORATORY EXPERIENCE TO STUDENTS BYINTRODUCING USB CONNECTIVITY INTO LAB ENVIRONMENT USING FTDIGurinder Singh, Future Technology Devices International Ltd. (USA) Lakshmi Munukutla received her Ph.D. degree in Solid State Physics from Ohio University, Athens, Ohio and M.Sc and B.Sc degrees from Andhra University, India. She has been active in research and published several journal articles. She is the Chair of the Electronic Systems Department at Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus.Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University Gurinder Singh brings almost a decade of experience in the electronics industry to his position as Senior Field Applications Engineer

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurements: Innovative Course Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Don Millard, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Frederick Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Mohamed Chouikha, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

-on experience with hardware that prior generations exhibited. Experimentationprovides students with a sense of where things deviate from theory, offering the opportunity toexplore non-ideal conditions; while also giving them the chance to play with hardware and gain theexperience and expertise that helps them become successful designers.1,2 For example, electronicstechnicians who had vast hands-on experience were able to reproduce large portions of complexcircuit diagrams after only a few seconds of viewing; whereas novices could not.3 This was due totheir ability to chunk the individual circuit elements that functioned together as an amplifier.Expert scientists and engineers are able to quickly recognize patterns of information; for example

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session III

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #7393Using the Parallax Propeller for Mechatronics EducationDr. Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University Hugh Jack is a Professor of Product Design and Manufacturing Engineering at Grand Valley State Uni- versity in Grand Rapids, Michigan. His interests include manufacturing education, design, project man- agement, automation, and control systems. Page 23.1343.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Using the Parallax Propeller for Mechatronics

Conference Session

Novel Measurement Experiments

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks; Barbara Lombardi, Universidad Simón Bolívar

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2009-737: TESTING OF CARBON-MONOXIDE AND CARBON-DIOXIDESENSORS WITH SIMPLE APPARATUS IN AN ENGINEERING EDUCATIONLABORATORYDale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Dale H. Litwhiler is an Associate Professor at Penn State, Berks Campus in Reading, PA. He received his B.S. from Penn State University (1984), his M.S. from Syracuse University (1989) and his Ph.D. from Lehigh University (2000) all in electrical engineering. Prior to beginning his academic career in 2002, he worked with IBM Federal Sys-tems and Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems as a hardware and software design engineer.Barbara Lombardi, Universidad Simón Bolívar Barbara Lombardi is a materials engineer with

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

and Data Acquisition System for Electrical GatewayAbstractThe University of Idaho experiences expensive and seemingly random increases in electricaldemand charges. Students are assigned to a design team to determine the cause of the demandfluctuations, to mitigate them, to check the public utility’s measurements, and to create animportant building block for an eventual campus microgrid. Students build a metering and dataacquisition system to collect data on demand, making and recording several key measurements.They determine the cause of the demand fluctuations as being correlated to nearby constructionand maintenance interruptions in one of two electrical gateways. The public utility’s dataappears to be accurate within one percent of what

Conference Session

Great Ideas for Projects that Teach Instrumentation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Loker, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Robert Weissbach, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Adam Henry, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2011-1607: CONVEYOR CONTROL SYSTEM PROJECTDavid R. Loker, Pennsylvania State University, Erie David R. Loker received the M.S.E.E. degree from Syracuse University in 1986. In 1984, he joined General Electric (GE) Company, AESD, as a design engineer. In 1988, he joined the faculty at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. In 2007, he became the Chair of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Program. His research interests include wireless sensor networks, data acquisition systems, and communications systems.Robert Weissbach, Pennsylvania State University, Erie Robert Weissbach is currently an associate professor of engineering and incoming director of the Ap- plied Energy Research Center at Penn

Conference Session

Novel Measurement Experiments

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jun Kondo, University of Hartford; Santiago Noriega, University of Hartford; Devdas Shetty, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

2006-2619: NON CONTACT VIBRATION ANALYSIS USING INNOVATIVELASER BASED METHODOLOGYDevdas Shetty, University of HartfordJun Kondo, University of Hartford JUn Kondo is a research engineer at the Engineering Applications Center, University of HartfordSantiago Noriega, University of Hartford Santiago Noriega is a graduate student of Mechanical Engineering. He hold a Bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering Page 11.960.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 NON CONTACT VIBRATION ANALYSIS USING INNOVATIVE LASER BASED METHODOLOGY Devdas Shetty, Santiago Noriega and Jun Kondo

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maged Mikhail, Purdue University ; Craig Durwin Engle, Purdue University, Calumet (College of Technology)

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Arm.” B.S., Electrical Engineering University of El Mina Cairo, Egypt, May 2001.Prof. Craig Durwin Engle, Purdue University, Calumet (College of Technology) Craig D. Engle is clinical assistant professor of Mechatronics Engineering Technology and Mechanical Engineering Technology at Purdue University Northwest in Hammond campus located in Indiana. Craig’s industrial experience includes 23 years in the aerospace industry focusing on flight and missile simulations and electro optics system analysis. Craig has submitted approximately 31 patent applications, received notice of allowance on 24 applications and paid issue fees on seventeen applications resulting in seventeen U. S. Patent Awards so far. He received a

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Claire Cynthia Lehman, Bill's Robotic Solutions; Mir M. Hayder, Savannah State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Catholic University of America.Dr. Mir M. Hayder, Savannah State University Dr. Hayder is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology at savannah State Uni- versity, GA. He received PhD in Mechanical Engineering from McGill University, Canada. His research interest lies in the areas of engineering education, fluid-structure interaction, flow-induced vibrations, syngas and blended fuel combustion, and flow and structural simulations. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Environmental Monitoring Robotic SystemAbstractRobots are being developed and utilized as a fundamental data collection tool for environmentalmonitoring to meet the standards

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurement Innovation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Loker, Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2010-847: ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM PROJECTDavid Loker, Pennsylvania State University, Erie David R. Loker is Associate Professor and Program Chair of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Program at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. He holds an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University. His research interests include wireless sensor networks, data acquisition systems, and communications systems. Page 15.450.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Elevator Control System ProjectAbstractAs part of the requirements in a junior

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth E. Dudeck, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton Campus; Wieslaw Grebski, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton Campus

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

for Engineering Education, 2013 Portable Photovoltaic Laboratory for In-Service Teacher WorkshopsAbstractThis paper describes the design and development of a sustainable energy workshop that featuresa mobile photovoltaic laboratory for the purpose of providing an outdoor learning resource. Theportability of this laboratory was achieved by the design and construction of custom utility cartsused for the mounting of the photovoltaic panels and the supporting instrumentation. Theworkshop also included a demonstration fixed solar thermal system used to generate hot water,as well energy auditing techniques.The instrumentation outlined in this paper was used in the delivery of two separate workshopsthat were offered to 8 -12 grade teachers as