Conference Session

Progress in Manufacturing Education III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin L. Devine, Illinois State University; Corinne Zimmerman, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

ofsecond-grade students met with the project team to discuss robots. During this session, studentswere introduced to: (a) industrial robots and the tasks they often perform, (b) task planning andcommunication with robots (programming concepts), and (c) robotics-related jobs and theimportance of studying math and science in school. Several short video segments (2-5 minuteseach) showing industrial robots performing interesting tasks were also shown to the studentsduring this session.After the initial 40 minute session, the research team met with each of the second-grade classesseparately for a robot programming activity. The goal of this activity was to engage the childrenin a fun, hands-on activity that would introduce them to the concepts of task

Conference Session

Teaching Design in Manufacturing Curriculum II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bahram Asiabanpour, Texas State University; Chandrashekar Subbareddy, Texas State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Accrediting Engineering Programs,Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc., (2002).5- Southwest Economy, “SpotLight: Texas Manufacturing Factories Still Matter in Much of State”, Federal ReserveBank of Dallas, Issue 2, (March/April 2006), http://www.dallasfed.org/research/swe/2006/swe0602d.html.6- Asiabanpour, B., Sriraman, V., “Teaching Integrated Product and Process Design”, World Transactions onEngineering and Technology Education, Volume 4, Number 2, Pages 181-185 (2005).7- Soloman, B. A. and Felder, R. M., “Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire”, North Carolina State University,http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html8- Felder, R. M. and Soloman, B. A., “Learning Styles and Strategies”, North Carolina State University

Conference Session

Advancing Manufacturing Education Through Outreach and Collaboration

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zbigniew Pasek, University of Windsor

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

University Women (AAUW), (2000), Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the new computer age, Washington, D.C.: AUW.2. Anderson, D., Lucas, K. B., Ginns I. S., (2003), “Theoretical Perspectives on Learning in an Informal Setting”, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 177–199.3. Baker, D., (1993), “I Am What You Tell Me to Be: Girls in Science and Mathematics”, in R. J. Hannapel (Ed.), What Research Says About Learning in Science Museums, Washington, DC: Assoc. of Science Technology Centers, Vol 2, pp. 30-34.4. Binns, R., Greenberg, B., S., Holmstrom, A., Lachlan, K., Sherry, J., “Gender and Electronic Game Play”, submitted to Information Communication and Society, retrieved from Department of

Conference Session

Integrating Additive Manufacturing Practices in Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April Krivoniak, Robert Morris University; Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

capabilities of Geomagic Studio were thenused to repair intersections, fill holes, and refine floating data and edges. The Select byCurvature command was employed to relax the structure while retaining detail. A NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) surface was created to finalize the mesh structure and export it as an.stl file. Once the 3D mesh is generated, the number of triangles comprising the mesh must bereduced in order to lower computing lag. MeshLab software was utilized to reduce the number oftriangles below 8,000. Autodesk Meshmixer allows for simple, yet detailed modification of .stlfiles through direct editing of a mesh geometry, a feature that is not available in SolidWorks.SolidWorks requires a subtraction command to generate the scanned

Conference Session

Capstone Projects in Manufacturing

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Joshua Seymour Leibowitz; Jon Armstrong; Nathan Laage, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Written Oral Written a b d f g jFigure 5. ABET assessment for Desktop 3D Filament Manufacturing Device senior design team during Fall, Winter and Spring 2016-17 AY.ConclusionThis 3D filament manufacturing device is a viable option for educational use, as it demonstrates theprocess of recycling and reusing 3D printed parts in a controlled environment. This design allowseducators and manufacturing companies to purchase a safe, low-cost teaching aid for their students oremployees to gain hands on experience. From the initial design of the machine, the safety of the usersand a cost-effective product were the two most important constraints and were

Conference Session

Capstone Manufacturing and Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University ; Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

thus has a wavy nature (micron range). Apart from the roughedges on the corners, it is smooth on a micro level, but on a larger scale has very sharp edges thatcan cause cuts and tears [14.14 microns]. The ‘straight edge polisher’ (the big standard machine)gives the smoothest finish [1.6 microns]. Page 23.100.8 (a) Original Tool (b) Prototype with Spray bottle (c) New Prototype Figure 5: Surface finish resultsA comparative study between the old hand tool and our modified version of the tool yield veryinformative and concluding results. Comparing each of the hand tools with the

Conference Session

Practices for Student Learning Engagement

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ergin Erdem, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

feel it is necessary. Provide a screenshot at this stage. Why might we need to specify the prohibited gate locations? Please provide an explanation as per class classroom discussion. a. Indicate the regions with the best gate suitability and minimum flow resistance? Specify the coordinates of the best gate location. Provide a screenshot if necessary. b. What is the significance of this information? 3. Designate the gate location as the most suitable location indicated by software. Please provide a screenshot. 4. Using the results obtained from the previous step, conduct fill and pack analysis. Indicate whether the part can be filled with acceptable quality by using the current

Conference Session

Automation and Robotics Subjects in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuqiu You, Morehead State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

controllerwith hand-held programmer, limit switches and wiring tools. Students need to design and drawthe ladder logic program with input/output wiring, wire input/output devices to the controller,and enter theprogram into the PLC by HHP and verify the program.Students wire two spring-return switches to the input module of the controller. Use the PowerSupply A to supply a 15V VDC to each switch. The wiring diagram is as below: Figure 4: Input wiring diagramStudents then wire one DC motor to the output module of the controller. Use the 5V VDC powersupply and the Power Supply B to supply a 5V VDC to the two circuits of motor control. Thewiring diagram is as below: Figure 5: Output wiring

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver; Yongha Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Pre-polymer Silicone cover (urethanes), molds, cups, Two polymer wood stirs, souvenirs curative, scissors, plastic bags, stapler. papers, and Plastic bag staples. Top view side view(a) raw materials (b) tools used during production (c) final product descriptions (d) A final product exampleFigure 1. Raw materials, tools used, final product descriptions, and a final productexample for the project.2.1 Production run with the

Conference Session

Design Education I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Interdisciplinary Environment Along with Media Art and Marketing, Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference, 2007 3. Todd, R. H., Magleby S. P., Sorenson C. D., Swan B. R., and Anthony D. K.: A Survey of Capstone Engineering Courses in North America, Journal of Engineering Education, 84(2), 165 – 174, 1995 4. Amon C., Wesner J., and Hoff R.: Identifying and Implementing Projects for a Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Projects Course at Carnegie Mellon, Proceedings of the Page 22.1181.7 ASEE Annual Conference, 2006 5. Frei F. X.: The Four Things a Service Business Must Get

Conference Session

Design Education I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fredrick A. Nitterright, Pennsylvania State Erie, The Behrend College; Robert Michael P.E., Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Christopher Murosky; Michael A. Ragen

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2011-110: UNDERGRADUATE DESIGN: DESIGN OF A REUSABLESTIR FRICTION WELDING TOOLFredrick A. Nitterright, Pennsylvania State Erie, The Behrend College Mr. Fred Nitterright is a lecturer in engineering at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. He received the A. A. S. in Mechanical Drafting and Design in 1989 from Westmoreland County Community College, the B. S. in Mechanical Engineering Technology in 1991 from Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, and the M. S. in Manufacturing Systems Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1998. Mr. Nitterright is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). Fred Nitterright began his career as a machinist at Elliott Support Services in Donora

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zareena Gani, Higher Colleges of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

knowledge ofindustrial practice are required to facilitate learning through PBL approach. Such real-worldexperience could be attained by collaborating with industries to get an insight of the currentpractices and requirements. Experts from industrial partners could also train the faculties duringthe program’s professional development sessions in order to combat the issue.7. References[1] S. S. S. K. H. B. Zareena Gani, "Teaching Manufacturing Technology through ’Learning by Doing’ Approach," American Society for Engineering Education, 2018.[2] H. A. H. a. S. K. Esche, "ENHANCING THE ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING," in 32nd ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Boston, MA, 2002.[3] D. F. T. Julie E. Mills

Conference Session

Revitalization of Manufacturing Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek M. Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University; Jeffrey L. Newcomer, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

) manufacturing related program outcomes – 3 programs  Others – 2 programsThis review shows that the favorite approach for defining outcomes for ManufacturingEngineering programs is to modify the generic ABET a-k outcomes to include wording thatintroduces manufacturing related terminology. This is the approach taken in defining theoutcomes for the new Manufacturing Engineering program at WWU. Table 3 lists the MFGEprogram outcomes as well as the mapping to the manufacturing specific criteria listed in Table 2.In addition to emphasizing manufacturing, the following changes have been made to the genericcriteria in creating these:  Outcome “b” is tailored to focus on the ability to measure process variables, and to

Conference Session

Innovations in Curriculum and Course Development

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mauricio Torres, Northern Kentucky University; Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

MAT 125, MAT 119 Precalculus Mathematics 3 MAT 126 INF 120 Elementary Programming 3 CHE 120/131 CHE 120/120L General Chemistry with Laboratory I 4 Lab MAT 128 and Calculus A MAT 251 MAT 227 Calculus B

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byul Hur, Texas A&M University; David Malawey, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Chao Ma, Texas A&M University; Reza Langari, Texas A&M University; Jennifer Jordan; Caleb Christian Stewart; Brian Malbec; David K. James

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #268553-D Printed Metal and Plastic Propeller Design and Manufacturing for Small-scale Underwater ThrustersDr. Byul Hur, Texas A&M University Dr. B. Hur received his B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from Yonsei University, in Seoul, Korea, in 2000, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, in 2007 and 2011, respectively. In 2017, he joined the faculty of Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. USA, where he is currently an Assistant Professor. He worked as a postdoctoral associate from 2011 to 2016 at the University

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division - Workforce Development and Curricular Innovations

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hamid Eisazadeh; Mona Torabizadeh

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

metallurgy and additivemanufacturing processes are covered in the course. As a term project, the instructor illustrates forstudents to design and make an elliptical shaped plate, as shown in Figure 5 using either subtractiveprocesses, additive processes, or hybrid. The students can decide any material such asceramics, metals, polymers, or a combination of them for their project. The dimensions of part andits tolerances were provided to students. One of objective of this project is that student canunderstand differences between traditional manufacturing and modern additive manufacturingsuch as their production rate and surface quality and tolerances. Figure 5. An elliptical shaped plate is assigned to students in Clarkson University b to

Conference Session

Micromachining in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; John Graham, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

CO2. • There are two lasers on-board: a 266-nanometer (nm) and a 532-nm wavelength head for processing softer materials (polymers, plastics, and glass) and harder materials (metals and ceramics), respectively. • It has five-axis CNC control for three-dimensional machining: x- and y-axis control of the table in the horizontal plane, z-axis control of the laser’s vertical position, b-axis rotation about the y-axis, and c-axis rotation about the z-axis. • Galvo scanning heads provide the capability of laser machining inside a workspace of 50 by 50 mm without using the CNC stages; this allows for much higher-speed machining, since the workpiece remains stationary. • The beam can be focused to a

Conference Session

Innovations in Additive Manufacturing Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Watson, Putnam County School System; Fred Vondra, Tennessee Technological University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #17886The Development of a Framework for 3D Printing, Casting, and Entrepreneur-shipJay Watson, Putnam County School System Jay Watson teaches technology, web development, and coding at Cookeville High School. He received a B.S degree in Secondary Education from TTU, has over five years of IT experience, and holds a multitude of industry technology certifications. Additionally, Watson was selected as the Best of the Best of Upper Cumberland educators and served on the focus group that selected Tennessee’s new web design standards, as well as the Web Design and Coding Textbook Advisory Panel. He currently is a

Conference Session

Emerging Technologies in Manufacturing Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salil Desai, North Carolina A&T State University; Devdas Pai, North Carolina A&T State University; Jagannathan Sankar, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

12.970.5 Invention Disclosure, NCAT 2006 Figure 5: Micro capsules and tissue scaffolds using inkjet based microfabrication process [6]4. Laboratory component within micro and nano technology modulesThe instructor organized laboratory tours to the Center for Advanced Materials and SmartStructures (CAMSS) at NCA&TSU. This type of a hands-on-experience enabled students toappreciate the use of state-of-the-art equipment (ultra high speed photography, precision microposition stage, customized inkjet system) which are involved in the development of micro andnano fabrication processes. (a) (b) (c) Figure 6. Infrastructure exposure to students (a

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Innovation and Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Qualters, Northeastern University; Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University; Thomas Cullinane, Northeastern University; Ann McDonald, Northeastern University; Jay Laird, Metaversal Studios

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

dual purpose: 1) it serves as a pre/post direct assessment measureof student knowledge and 2) it measures changes in pre/post self-assessment of studentconfidence in their knowledge base. Students were asked to answer 10 questions (Table 1)regarding their knowledge of supply chain and environmental issues related to manufacturing.They were also asked to rate their confidence in answering the question: A if they felt confidentthat they could now answer the question sufficiently if this were a graded test (which was scorednumerically as 3); B if they could now answer 50% of the question or if they know preciselywhere to get the information needed and return in 20 minutes or less to provide a completeanswer if this were a graded test (which was

Conference Session

Latest Trends and Implementations in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guanghsu A. Chang, Western Carolina University; William R. Peterson, WRP Associates

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

No. of FMS components Configuration Parameters Attributes alternatives 1 No storage Work-in-Process (WIP) 2 Buffer Storage A 4 -Storage Capacity 3 Storage Rack 4 Storage Rack with Aisle 1 Linear 2 Loop Layout Configuration B 3 Ladder 5

Conference Session

Practical Teaching in Manufacturing

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron Lalley P.E., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Michael Langerman, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Shaobo Huang, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Ryan H. Koontz, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Lisa Carlson, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Eric Jon Holmgren

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

, S. M., Brickman, P., Armstrong, N., & Taasoobshirazi, G. (2011). Science motivation questionnaire II:Validation with science majors and nonscience majors. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(10), 1159-1176.[12] Marra, R. M., Rodgers, K. A., Shen, D., & Bogue, B. (2009). Women Engineering Students and Self‐Efficacy:A Multi‐Year, Multi‐Institution Study of Women Engineering Student Self‐Efficacy. Journal of EngineeringEducation, 98(1), 27-38.[13] Carberry, A. R., Lee, H. S., & Ohland, M. W. (2010). Measuring engineering design self-efficacy. Journal ofEngineering Education, 99(1), 71-79.[14] Sly, Dr. Dave, Bumblauskas, Dan, Peters, Dr. Frank, (2010) Developing of an Engineering Sales Programwith Industry. Proceeding of the

Conference Session

Past and Future of Manufacturing Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wells, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

theprofession of manufacturing engineering; forums that [a] articulated technologies new to thegenerally-accepted field of ‘manufacturing’ and [b] broadened the focus in the discipline from‘production’ to ‘product realization’.[16,17,18] In parallel, a nascent movement to rename theuniversity field of study to include ‘product engineering’ remains localized.[13,14,15] Thelasting effect of these forums and parallel initiatives is yet to be determined.2010+: Where does all of this rich history leave us? What progress has been made formanufacturing engineering education over the past quarter-century? What lessons have beenlearned and insights developed for addressing the persistent problems of our educational genre

Conference Session

Experiences in Manufacturing Engineering Education

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason M. Weaver, Brigham Young University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

, “Navigating the Bumpy Road to Student-Centered Instruction,” College Teaching, Taylor & Francis, 44:2, Spring 1996, pg. 43-47.3 Herreid, Clyde Freeman and Nancy A. Schiller, “Case Studies and the Flipped Classroom,” Journal of College Science Teaching, 42:5, 2013, pg. 62-66.4 Begg, Ian, Susanna Duft Paul Lalonde, Richard Melnick, and Josephine Sanvito, “Memory Predictions are Based on Ease of Processing,” Journal of Memory and Language, Elsevier, 28:5, Oct. 1989, pg. 610-632.5 King, Joseph F., Eugene B. Zechmeister, and John J. Shaughnessy, “Judgments of Knowing: The Influence of Retrieval Practice,” The American Journal of Psychology, University of Illinois Press, 93:2, Jun. 1980, pg. 329-343.6

Conference Session

Incorporating Innovative Technologies into the Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne P. Hung, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

selecting these courses: a) An introductory course M181 with more than 200 undergraduate students in Fall and Spring semesters. b) The same course M181 with about 35 students in Summer term. c) An advanced course M489 with an average of 20 seniors and graduate students each semester.Each student was required to purchase a clicker ($25 for a new device and approximately halfprice for a used one), and then registered it online ($13 per semester, or one time for $39) by the2nd week of class. When registered, each clicker was assigned a unique pad number for a specificcourse. An instructor was alerted by email when a clicker was successfully registered so that theroster can be updated and clickers can be activated during a quiz

Conference Session

Teaching and Assessment Methodologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University; Barry Lawrence, Texas A&M University; Esther Rodriguez-Silva PhD, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

provides 2 to its customer in general, and a building materials distributor in particular. Note: some of this knowledge may already exist in TIP’s knowledgebase because of customer services consortium. What are the service selection criteria a distributor should use? Is a service type 3 dependent on the customer type? What strategies a distributor should follow to develop services? How should a distributor manage its service portfolio? a. Cost benefit analysis of services 4 b. Service mix strategy c. Tracking the service key performance indicators 5 What is service lifecycle in the context of a building materials distributor

Conference Session

Manufacturing Partnerships

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

– 2011 participant Figure 4. a) Marker attachments on the right-arm; b) experiment procedures captured by a VICON 3D motion capturing systemFigure 5 shows snapshots of an REU project titled “Comparative analysis of pulse and activethermography for investigating hidden solder joint integrity.” Page 23.1040.8 (a) (b) (c) Figure 5. (a) Heating chamber; (b) printed circuit board (PCB) with solder joints with three different geometries; and (c) infrared image of PCB after heating experiment.Dissemination and Long-term Tracking of StudentsREU

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

, andprogramming a robot using a virtual teaching pendant (VTP) was assessed. Figure 6 showssample test questions: The robot Home position is described as ______________________? a. perch position c. pick position b. starting position d. place position The robot Perch position ______________. a. allows product to enter a point to be picked without colliding with the robot shoulder b. allows product to enter a point to be picked without colliding with the EOAT c. allows product to enter a point to be picked without colliding with the robot base d. allows the robot to return to the Home position after each product pick Figure 6. Sample pre- and post-test questionsPre and Post-Test

Conference Session

Advances in Additive, Hybrid, and Digital Manufacturing Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. Original manual directional valve. Figure 4. New solenoid directional valve.The solenoid directional valve has three positions, outlet A on, all closed, and outlet B on. It hastwo 110V AC solenoids that are mounted to both end of the valve to move the spool inside of thevalve to change the positions. When the left one is energized, outlet A is connected to thecompressed air supply (and B to the exhaust hole), thus retracts the position. When the right oneis energized, it extends the piston instead. When both are deenergized, both outlets are blocked,and the piston chamber can retain its pressure, so piston retains its current position.Electro-Pneumatic RegulatorA proportional electro-pneumatic regulator from SMC is used to regulate the air

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

were learning about programmablelogic controller, sensor technology, interfacing, industrial robot, and machine vision. Evaluationactivities took place after the lab session.Materials. Students’ knowledge of robot welding path planning and additive manufacturing wasassessed before and after using the remote 3D printer. Figure 12 shows sample pre and post testquestions. 1. When planning a path, use _________ if possible. a. Curves b. Straight lines c. The shortest path 2. What is the best starting point for welding the steel plate in the figure? Please mark on the figure. 3. The height of the plate below is 2 in. What is the minimum Z-axis value you should use to position the tip of the robot arm