Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - Engaging Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Kate Disney, Mission College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

,often only one or two. Each instructor has high teaching loads of four or more courses persemester. Faculty have little time for course or laboratory development. There is limitedlaboratory support staff and budgets to buy and maintain equipment. While many communitycolleges exist, the relentless teaching demands on the faculty and geographic separation tend toresult in community college engineering faculty working in a state of relative isolation. Anyeffort to attract students into engineering careers and promote technological literacy for non-engineers through community colleges must contend with these challenges.Topics Cited as Appealing by Non-Engineering StudentsEngineering faculty teaching technological literacy courses for non-engineers

Conference Session

Installing & Assessing Technology Literacy Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University; John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

areappropriate; those that require geometric or visual analysis to reason about shape and fit;those that require economic or other quantitative analysis, and those requiring verbalstatement not easily expressed in formulas or algorithms. The teaching strategies fortechnological literacy listed in Table VI similarly argue for a “multiplicity or diversity ofrepresentations” for teaching technological literacy. Thus, design faculty areprofessionally aligned with such teaching strategies, and as such, are a natural manpowerpool from which to draw future instructors for this national need.Laboratories for Technological Literacy Instruction Laboratories for technological literacy explorations may contain many devices,most of which are suitable

Conference Session

Engineering Courses for Non-engineers

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Bishop, United States Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2009-1887: TEACHING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES USING ASOCIOTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT MODELBradley Bishop, United States Naval Academy Bradley E. Bishop is a Professor in Systems Engineering at the United States Naval Academy. He received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Michigan State University in 1991, and his M.S. and PhD, both in Electrical Engineering, from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1994 and 1997, respectively. His research focuses on novel robot locomotion, unmanned sea-surface vessels, and disruptive technologies. His teaching interests include mobile robotics, emerging technologies, and engineering research and design

Conference Session

Engineering for Nonengineers: Ideas & Results

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Zieren, Austin Peay State University; John Blake, Austin Peay State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2008-2140: TEACHING ASPECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY FROMA HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEGregory Zieren, Austin Peay State University GREGORY R. ZIEREN is a Professor of History at Austin Peay State University. He earned his Ph.D. in History from the University of Delaware in 1982. His interests include economic history and the history of technology.John Blake, Austin Peay State University JOHN W. BLAKE is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology at Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. He served as department chair from 1994-2005. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Northwestern University, and is a registered Professional

Conference Session

Technological Literacy for K-12 and for Community College Students: Concepts, Assessment, and Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Macho, Buffalo State College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2010-1942: A FUNCTIONAL K-12 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FORTEACHING TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACYSteve Macho, Buffalo State College Steve Macho completed a BS at St Cloud State University, and M.A. & Ed.D. in Technology Education at West Virginia University. Steve is a Minnesota farm boy who has been involved in technology his entire life. He worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Highlands University, and is currently an Assistant Professor of Technology Education for at Buffalo State College. He became a member of the Oxford Roundtable in 2008 and plans to present another paper there in 2010

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - Engaging Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Howell, San Jose State University; Patricia Backer, San Jose State University; Belle Wei, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

1 5 Liberal Studies** 0 0 1 Science 0 1 2 Social Sciences 3 1 1 Undeclared Major 7 3 10 TOTAL 30 14 50 * The Continuing Education program does not belong to any particular college. ** Liberal Studies is a multidisciplinary degree program. It doesn’t belong to any particular college.Content of this CourseEngr 5 focuses on technologies used every day to teach scientific principles to students. Thiscourse deconstructs

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - College Courses and Minors

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelli Huser, Iowa State University; Thomas Kelly, Iowa State University; Mani Mina, Iowa State University; Seth Ballou, Iowa State University; Joseph Crispin, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2010-1138: VENUES TO INTRODUCE AND TEACH IMPACT OFENGINEERING IN HISTORY, SOCIETY, AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTKelli Huser, Iowa State UniversityMani Mina, Iowa State UniversityThomas Kelly, Iowa State UniversitySeth Ballou, Iowa State UniversityJoseph Crispin, Iowa State University Page 15.1350.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 A technological literacy approach to introduce and teach the impact of engineering throughout the human historyAbstractThis paper provides a possible approach to introduce and teach impact of engineering to non-engineering students with a focus on the technology and engineering aspects. One effective wayto enhance

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - College Courses and Minors

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Mani Mina, Iowa State University; Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; James Young, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2010-1055: DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING-RELATED MINORS FORNON-ENGINEERING STUDENTSJohn Krupczak, Hope College Professor of Engineering, Hope College. CASEE Senior Fellow, National Academy of EngineeringMani Mina, Iowa State University High Speed Systems Engineering Laboratory, Director of Minor in Engineering Studies (MES) Program at Iowa State UniversityRobert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University Honda Professor for Engineering Education and Professor, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Director, Engineering Education Innovation CenterJames Young, Rice University Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

Development of the ability to respond critically to scientific and technological issues in civic affairs . Understanding the interactions among science, technology and values.Course modification to include lab componentsWe adapted our “take apart” lab of consumer electronic and household devices to teachyoung engineers the both the vocabulary and modes of thought of their profession, inSpanish, and to demonstrate the lab to be an effective teaching tool in the class: Spanish:Language, Technology, and Culture”Following the format of our original product and process laboratory for engineeringstudents1 our language students worked in teams of four, beginning by researching thehistory and principles of their device, both in English and

Conference Session

Engineering for Nonengineers: Ideas & Results

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Mechtel, U.S. Naval Academy; Andrew McCue, U.S. Naval Academy; Keith Kintzley, U.S. Naval Academy; Robert Voigt, U.S. Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

course sequence is used for ABET accredited majors.This paper presents the approach used by the Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment at the Naval Academy to improve the technological literacy of non-engineering students. Electrical engineering fundamentals and applications areemphasized with the relevant mathematics introduced as needed. Applications of thefundamentals evolve to stress the relevance of a particular topic area. Key technicalconcepts are reinforced with practical laboratory exercises. The final practical exercisetakes place aboard a Naval Academy patrol craft. The students explore the electricalsystems on the ship and relate them to the fundamentals studied during the semester.Course outcomes show that students across a

Conference Session

Installing & Assessing Technology Literacy Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Greg Pearson, National Academy of Engineering; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

on the results of surveysof student interests. Topics covered include the automobile, basic electrical appliances,telecommunications, medical imaging, and computers, Laboratories involve activities such asdisassembling a car engine, and building a simple electronic music keyboard. Enrollment isabout 48 students each semester. The lecture portion of the course is taught in a singlesection. There are two laboratory sections of 24 students each. Each laboratory section isrun by one faculty member assisted by undergraduate teaching assistants.Case Study Design A total of 139 students participated during the 2003-2004 academic year: 47 studentsin the Fall 2003 semester, 54 in the Spring 2004 semester, and 38 in the May Term (four-week

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Oakley, Oakland University; Lorenzo Smith, Oakland University; Yin-ping (Daniel) Chang, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2007-243: THE UNTAPPED STUDENT GOLDMINEBarbara Oakley, Oakland University Barbara Oakley is an Associate Professor of Engineering at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. She received her B.A. in Slavic Languages and Literature, as well as a B.S. in Electrical Engineering, from the University of Washington in Seattle. Her Ph.D. in Systems Engineering from Oakland University was received in 1998. Her technical research involves biomedical applications and electromagnetic compatibility. She is a recipient of the NSF FIE New Faculty Fellow Award, was designated an NSF New Century Scholar, and has received the John D. and Dortha J. Withrow Teaching Award and the Naim and Ferial Kheir

Conference Session

Technological Literacy for K-12 and for Community College Students: Concepts, Assessment, and Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Moshe Barak, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

professionalinterests; learning through hands-on activities in a rich technological environment;fostering peer-learning and collaboration in the class; and encouraging participants toreflect on their learning..IntroductionSubjects such as mathematics, science and technology are currently being instructed inschool as separate disciplines, and teachers often teach specific subject matter and haveonly little knowledge about subjects not within their area of expertise. Only few teachersunderstand broad terms such as technology and technological literacy. In the Departmentfor Science and Education at, we feel it is important to promote technological literacyamong mathematics, science and technology teachers in order to enhance theirunderstanding of technology and

Conference Session

Service Courses for Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

Cutcliffe, Lehigh University Marie Dahleh, Harvard University Kurt DeGoede, Elizabethtown College Richard F. Devon, Penn State University Katy Disney, Mission College Elsa Garmire, Dartmouth Camille George, Univ. of St. Thomas Mary T. Huber, Carnegie Foundation for Adv. Teaching Mary Kasarda, Virginia Tech J. Doug Klein, Union College John Krupczak, Hope College Renee Lerche, University of Michigan Deborah Mechtel, United States Naval Academy Ron Miller, Colorado School of Mines Kay Neeley, University of Virginia Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven M. Grant Norton, Washington State University Barbara Oakley, Oakland

Conference Session

Engineering and Technology for Everyone

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

.................................Engines of our Ingenuity [32-34] Oakley ....................................Everyday Engineering [41] Ollis........................................How Things Work [42-45]2 Technology Focus or Topics CoursesThese courses tend to address a single technological topic or issue. The subject matter isintentionally focused and selective rather than intentionally broad. These courses may have asubstantial quantitative component. The focus courses may include laboratories or projects. Insome cases, social and historical aspects of the topic are included.In developing and teaching these courses, instructors are often working from their area ofresearch expertise. The instructors can then rely on their extensive often life-long experience inthe

Conference Session

Engineering and Technology for Everyone

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2009-1307: INSTRUCTIONAL BENEFITS OF A COURSE MANAGEMENTSYSTEM IN K-12 EDUCATIONPatricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Patricia A. Carlson has taught a variety of professional writing courses at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and has held ten ASEE Summer Research Fellowships. She is on the editorial board of three professional publications for advanced educational technology and has served as a National Research Council Senior Fellow at the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Email: patricia.carlson@rose-hulman.edu Page 14.745.1© American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Engineering Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camille George, University of St. Thomas; Elise Amel, University of Saint Thomas; Christopher Greene, University of Saint Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

understanding the freezer. Participants indicated that the diagram, modeland hands-on activities were The part of the freezer workshop that taught [them] the most.When asked How the freezer workshop has affected how or what you will teach, studentsindicated that they would use the content (refrigeration and engineering) and the format (hands-on activities) learned in the workshop.ConclusionTwo hands-on laboratory activities that can be used to introduce technology literacy arepresented. The activities were presented to a group of non-major students. A follow-up surveymeasured increased awareness of energy issues and an increased interest in technology topics.AcknowledgementsThe research underlying this curriculum was supported by the National Science

Conference Session

Defining Technological Literacy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

studies the wide variety of technology used in everyday life. Modernsociety would not exist without the aid of technology. We depend upon technologicaldevices for communication, food production, transportation, health care and evenentertainment. The course objectives are to develop a familiarity with how varioustechnological devices work and to understand the scientific principles underlying theiroperation. Topics covered include the automobile, radio, television, CD players,microwave ovens, computers, ultrasound, and x-ray imaging. Concepts from basicscience are introduced as they appear in the context of technology. Laboratory projectsinclude construction of simple objects such as radios, electric motors, and a musicalkeyboard. Since its

Conference Session

Installing & Assessing Technology Literacy Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camille George, University of St. Thomas; Elise Amel, University of St. Thomas; Karl Mueller, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

impact on the world, are seldom addressedexplicitly. To many non-majors, energy technology seems huge, distant, foreign, and cold. In thislaboratory activity, the successful building of a decorative fountain is used to explain energytransformation and make it more accessible and understandable.Including an Environmental and Social Impact LensTalented high-school girls with the correct math and science pre-requisites tend to prefer healthscience to engineering5, probably because they seek socially important or beneficial work.6 Thecurrent solar-fountain laboratory was tested on forty 11th grade campers at an advanced STEPSsummer program to see if teaching technology through socially impacting topics would result ina behavioral outcome; would the

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Blake, Austin Peay State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

precluded a laboratory component, which would be the best environment for teaching aspectsof how things work. Therefore, the course emphasizes the two dimensions, of knowledge andways of thinking and acting, which emphasize a broader scope of knowledge and questions toask when dealing with technological issues.The objective of our technological literacy course is to help students better understandtechnology, the effects technological developments have on society and how societalconsiderations affect technological development. In setting up the course objectives, the authorfelt that the course should give students:- A basic appreciation of technology and of the engineering profession,- A better vision of how technological progress occurs,- A

Conference Session

Improving Technical Understanding of All Americans

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kara Harris, College of Technology - Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

for decades 4,2,6,11,12. This decline has not only had a direct affect on thenumber of highly qualified engineering/technology education teachers that are availableto teach in public schools, but has also affected enrollment in technology teachereducation programs at colleges/universities across the nation. This decline, if notproperly addressed, could lead to the demise of engineering/technology educationprograms at the secondary and post-secondary level. 11 Successful efforts have been set forth in many areas of the discipline, such ascurriculum. Wright and Custer (1998) stated that, “Technology education professionalshave spent a great deal of time and energy focused on defining the mission of technologyeducation and redefining the

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Whitman, Wichita State University; James Steck, Wichita State University; David Koert, Wichita State University; Larry Paarmann, Wichita State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

., 2000, A multidisciplinary team project for electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science majors.8) Brockman, J., Batill, S., Renaud, J., Kantor, J., Kirkner, D., Kogge, P., and Stevenson, R., 1996, "Development of a multidisciplinary engineering design laboratory at the University of Notre Dame." Proc. of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference.9) Otto, K., Bezdek, J., Wood, K., Jensen, D., and Murphy, M., 1998, "Building better mousetrap builders: Courses to incrementally and systematically teach design," Proc. of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference.10) Garcia, M.A., and Patterson-McNeill, H., 2002, "Learn how to develop software using the toy Lego

Conference Session

Engineering Courses for Non-engineers

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Terence Geyer, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

past. One thing iscertain; this hands-on laboratory approach to a traditional lecture based class works well and willbe continued.Bibliography1. Allen, R. H. (2002). Impact teaching: Ideas and strategies for teachers to maximize student learning. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.2. Bonwell, C. C., & Eison, J. A. (1991). Active learning: Creating excitement in the classroom. (ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 1). Washington, DC: George Washington University.3. Crabtree, D. E. (1972). An Introduction to Flintworking. Occasional Papers No. 28. Pocatello, Idaho: Idaho State University Museum.4. Crawford, A. E., Saul, E. W., Mathews, S., & Makinster, J. (2005). Teaching and learning strategies for the thinking classroom

Conference Session

Technological Literacy for K-12 and for Community College Students: Concepts, Assessment, and Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen O'Brien, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

galore. This will require a level of technological, quantitativeand scientific literacy. One might call this STEM-literacy, where the literacy level not onlyincludes literacy in each on the four components but also in how the four components worksynergistically together. Additionally, technology/engineering can provide valuablecontextual education settings resulting in effective learning (of math, science and “non-technical” subjects like history, social studies and language arts). At our institution, TheCollege of New Jersey (TCNJ), it was felt that an effective place to impact technologicalliteracy, as well as increase the effectiveness of teaching and learning is with future K-5teachers. So, approximately 10 years ago a multidisciplinary

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Engineering Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

the engineeringcourses for non-engineers include Project-Based Introduction to Engineering at theUniversity of New Haven4, Technology 21 at the University of Denver,5 Materials: TheFoundations of Society and Technology at Washington State University,6 and HowThings Work at North Carolina State University.7 More complete summaries of recentlydeveloped courses for non-engineers can be found in Byars,8 and Krupczak and Ollis.9Science and Technology of Everyday Life at Hope College.The work reported here is based on the results of teaching the “Science and Technologyof Everyday Life,” at Hope College. This course is intended for students from non-technical majors and includes students from business, history, fine arts, and pre-serviceeducation

Conference Session

Engineering for Nonengineers: Ideas & Results

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vince Bertsch, Santa Rosa Junior College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2008-1344: TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY AS A SCIENCE GE COURSE INCALIFORNIA’S UC, CSU AND CCC SYSTEMSVince Bertsch, Santa Rosa Junior College Professor, Dept of Engineering and Physics Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, CA Vince Bertsch teaches and develops curriculum for a wide spectrum of freshman and sophomore level engineering and physics courses including Electric Circuits and Devices, Engineering Graphics and Design, Mechanics, Electricity and Magnetism, Properties of Materials, Intro to Engineering, and Computer Programming. He has done engineering work for Versatron, Empire Magnetics and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Conference Session

Improving Technical Understanding of All Americans

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Engstrom, ITEA/Cal U

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

become more prominent in K-12 public education.This emphasis on design and problem solving through applied mathematics and inquiry basedscience are at the center of the National Science Foundation funded project entitled Invention,Innovation, and Inquiry (I3). This project is so named because invention and innovation are thehallmarks of technological thinking and action. This article will describe the background of theproject, how the units of instruction were developed, field testing procedures, findings, andfinally discuss how this curriculum has been implemented in various settings.The purpose of the I3 project was to write ten thematic units that focused on developingtechnological literacy in students, grades 5-6; creating teaching and

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

AnnMarie Thomas, University of Saint Thomas; Mark Breitenberg, Art Center College of Design

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2007-834: ENGINEERING FOR NON-ENGINEERS: LEARNING FROM"NATURE'S DESIGNS"AnnMarie Thomas, University of Saint Thomas AnnMarie Polsenberg Thomas is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of St. Thomas. She holds a Ph.D and an M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Caltech, and an S.B. in Ocean Engineering from MIT. From 2004-2006 she was a faculty member at the Art Center College of Design teaching engineering courses that she developed for non-engineers.Mark Breitenberg, Art Center College of Design Mark Breitenberg is the Dean of Undergraduate Education at Art Center College of Design. He holds a Ph.D in Literature and Critical Theory and a Master’s in English

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and the Educated Person

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. William Graff, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTouneau University; Martin Batts, Le Tourneau University; Maria J. Leiffer, LeTouneau University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

in bothtechnical and philosophical fields. We find that we are all engineers, if our aim is toproduce change.Bibliography:1. Graff, R.W., “Electrical Engineering for Freshmen,”IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. E-15, NO 3,Aug. 1972.2. Graff, R.W., and Paul R. Leiffer, “Student Observations over the Last 25 Years”, Proc. ASEE, June.2005. Page 15.1367.133. Graff, R.W., “Forty Years of Teaching Circuits I: A Tribute to Dr. Hayt” Proc. ASEE, June. 2004.4. Graff, R.W., Leiffer, P.R., Niemi, J., and Vaughan, M., “A Hydraulic Circuits Laboratory – to ImproveStudent Understanding of Basic Electricity”, ASEE Proceedings, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24

Conference Session

Defining Technological Literacy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Neeley, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology attempts to increase understanding of the human-built world. In this world,science and technology have broken through the walls of industry and of the laboratory tobecome an inextricable and determining element of nature, culture, and history. The STSProgram was founded at MIT in 1976 to address this unprecedented and momentousintegration of science, technology, and society. Faculty and students in the Program addresstwo basic, interrelated questions: how did science and technology evolve as human activities,and what role do they play in the larger civilization? The STS perspective is crucial tounderstanding major events of our time (war and conflict, the economy, health, theenvironment) and to addressing these and