Conference Session

Core Concepts, Standards, and Policy in K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenny L. Daugherty, Purdue University; Rodney L. Custer, Illinois State University; Raymond A. Dixon, Illinois State University, CeMaST

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

study4identified a conceptual base for secondary level engineering education to assist in this effort.Engineering Concepts for Secondary Level Education Custer, Daugherty, and Meyer4 deployed an emergent qualitative research design, whichincluded an in-depth analysis of a broad range of engineering-related literature and focus groupswith engineering educators and engineers. Four types of documents were reviewed including: (a)engineering and technology philosophy writings, (b) curriculum materials focused on secondarylevel engineering, (c) curriculum standards documents developed for the STEM disciplines andNational Academy of Engineering reports, and (d) survey research studies relevant to K-12engineering. A team of three researchers conducted a

Conference Session

Curriculum Innovations in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stan Guidera, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

to specific geometric element, that element is thenused as input for subsequent operations. In this example. the curve parameter is “piped” into theC (curve) input of the “offset curve” operator. The offset distance input D is driven by a numberslider. The “offset curve” icon output C generates a curve that is offset the D distance set by theuser with the number slider. The “offset curve” operator output C is then piped into the B (inputgeometry) parameter of the “extrude curve” operator. The second input parameter on the“extrude curve” operator is D, which is both direction and distance. A Z-direction vectorparameter is piped into D to establish the direction. The same number slider used to determinethe offset distance is piped into the Z

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula in ECE I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Bedrich Benes, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

“enduringunderstandings” that learners should adopt from any learning experience 1 . This step is thenfollowed by identifying ways of student learning attainment and appropriate mechanisms thatwill allow conveying concepts of these kinds.The purpose of this research study is to explore the development of a quality curriculum in high-performance CG (HPCG) education coupled with data describing how students in such coursesperceived the content, assessment, and pedagogy they experienced. We utilized Wiggins andMcTighe’s backward design (1997) 1 as a framework for designing this study. Their backwarddesign process (p.9) is composed of three main stages: (a) identifying the desired learningoutcomes - the content of the lesson, (b) determining the acceptable evidence

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions: Mechanical Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen R. Turns, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Peggy Noel Van Meter, Pennsyvlania State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, define the following terms as they relate fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Do not just recite the symbols in words; for example, mv2/2 is kinetic energy, not one-half of the mass times the square of velocity. Also give the units of the quantity. Meaning Units a. W _________________________ ________________ b. P _________________________ ________________ c. E _________________________ ________________ d. u

Conference Session

ABET and Curriculum-Level Assessments

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Howard S. Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Angelo J. Perna, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Shari Klotzkin; John D. Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Reginald Percy Tomkins, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

related to course outcomesOutcome # 1. Students design and construct a flow system that meets certain objectives withinconstraints. Strategies & Actions Criterion 3 Learning Outcomes Assessment MethodsPresent students with a, b, c, e, k 1. Students design a 1. A rubric will be used to Page 22.1332.7written flow system piping system within grade the design of the pipingrequirements but no specified constraints. system.detailed schematic.Describe common piping 2. Students construct a 2. A visual inspection of andand component

Conference Session

IE Technical Session I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Cudney, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Steven Michael Corns, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Jennifer A. Farris, Texas Tech University; Stephen Gent, South Dakota State University; Scott E. Grasman, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Ivan G. Guardiola, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

, Engineering, and Technology (SME&T)”, NSF 96-139.11. Jamieson, L.H., “At Purdue, Engineering Looks to Future,” The Indianapolis Star, (March 16), 2009.12. Christakis, D. A., Ebel, B. E., Rivara, F.P., and Zimmerman, F. J., “Television, Video, and Computer Game Usage in Children Under 11 Years of Age,” The Journal of Pediatrics 145(5), pp. 652-656, 2005.13. Hunley, S. A., Evans, J. H., Delgado-Hachey, M., Krise, J., Rich, T., and Schell, C., “Adolescent computer Use and Academic Achievement,” Adolescence, vol. 40, Issue 158, pp. 307-318, 2005.14. Pence, H. E., “Preparing for the Real Web Generation,” Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 347-356, 2007.15. Freitas, S., and Oliver, M., “How Can

Conference Session

FPD IX: Research on First-Year Programs and Students, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole R. Weber, Purdue University; Melissa Dyehouse, Purdue University; Constance A Harris, Purdue University; Ray David, Purdue University; Jun Fang, Purdue University; Inez Hua, Purdue University; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

understanding or worldviewtakes place and new understandings of other concepts are available to the learner 22. Meyer andLand21 describe five characteristics of a threshold concept: a) transformative, b) irreversible, c)integrative, d) bounded, and e) troublesome. That is, once a person understands a thresholdconcept, it transforms the way they perceive and understand, once the concept is understood itcannot be unlearned, the concept clarifies interconnections between concepts, the concept isbounded as a distinct concept, and the concept is troublesome because individuals have troublelearning or understanding the concept21.Students often ignore or reject concepts that do not fit with their existing beliefs or attitudes23,which indicates that threshold

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Interdisciplinary Course Design Opportunities for Chemical Engineers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Kelly, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, pricing, distribution, etc • Document and appreciate with some specificity the role of regulation, public policy, and ethics in pharmaceuticals and the different approaches to these issues internationally Page 22.77.4 • Discuss, reflect, and project alternate future directions and trends in the global pharmaceutical industryThe 5 modules of the courseThe course was broken up into five teaching modules, shown in proper sequence and describedbriefly below, where module B was primarily technical and module D was primarily business: A.) Introduction to the Pharm. Industry: The first week or two of the semester history

Conference Session

Digital Technologies and Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Ben Uriel Sherrett, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

80% 500Word Count 400 60% 300 40% 200 20% 100 0 0% Team A Team B Team C Team D Team A Team B Team C Team DFigure 3. Comparison of Material Balance episodes: (left) word counts for episode components, (right) word count percentages for episode componentsTwo of the four teams, (Team C

Conference Session

Use of Technology in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harry Cooke, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

dense sand is b) loose sand contracts when loose sand where squeezed; b) water squeezed causing decrease in water rises when level goes up when total soil volume and volume of squeezed. loose sand is squeezed (saturated) voids2. Swelling of Dry, bentonite clay Electrically-charged bentonite Pages 29 – 30; clay pellets in a pan swell clay particles are able to attract Swollen, wet significantly when and hold a thick, double layer of clay dried in continually exposed to water molecules around oven to show a source of water. themselves

Conference Session

K-12 Students and Teachers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah S. Stohlmann, University of Minnesota; Tamara J. Moore, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Young Rae Kim, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Mi Sun Park, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

contest. Some flight characteristics that were tested were: (a) how far the planesflew, and (b) how long the planes stayed in the air. But, it was difficult to judge some of thesecharacteristics because the planes performance depended on which “pilots” tossed them. So, nextyear, the organizers of the paper airplane contest have decided that three “pilots” should fly eachplane, and that the same three pilots should fly all of the planes. The problem statement of thepaper airplane MEA asked students to write a letter to the judges of a paper airplane contest. Theletter needed to provide a procedure which would allow the judges to decide which airplane is:(a) the most accurate flier, and (b) the best floater. Teams of three to four students then

Conference Session

Globalizing Engineering Education II: Best Practices

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan McNeill, University of Florida, Gainesville; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

ASEE Global Programs

as well as theMotorola Foundation.ReferencesAdams, W. M. (2006). The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century. Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, 29-31 January 2006.Alexander, L. M. (2007). Professional prerequisites for entry-level technical positions. University of Maryland, Balitmore County.Allert, B. I., Atkinson, D. L., Groll, E. A., & Hirleman, E. D. (2007). Making the Case for Global Engineering

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy E. Cook, Northern Arizona University; Perry G. Wood, Northern Arizona University; Theodore A. Uyeno, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

noted Radio-ulna to Hand 87 o 0 o 0o None noted Pubis to Femur 0o 160 o 0o None noted o o Femur to Tibio-fibula 180 0 0o None noted Tibio-fibula to Tarsal 0o 0o 153 o None noted o o Tarsal to Foot 0 0 117 o None noted B. Recovery of Geometry The data that were used to build the three-dimensional computer model was recorded (byMr. David Hammond, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.) using a clinical Computer TomographyScanner (GE Lightspeed VCT scanner, Fairfield, CT, resolution

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Rong Pan, Arizona State University; Jun Zheng, University of Texas, El Paso; Carolyn Joy Awalt, University of Texas, El Paso, College of Education; Maria Veronica Gonzalez, University of Texas, El Paso; Francisco Medina

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

getfamiliar with the basic commands and functions of the real FDM3000. When the usermove his/her mouse to a certain button on the 3D virtual machine, thedescription/introduction of the button function will pop up and instruct the user how tooperate that part on the real machine (see Figure 1-b). In (2) the user can practicecalibration of the machine in its virtual calibration environment. It is critical to calibratethe FDM machine frequently. Improper calibration can result in misalignment ordisplacement of its support material from its proper XYZ-axis position. Because there areseveral functional keys and buttons in the front panel of the machine, therefore, it is veryeasy to get confused by the user. Moreover, the user may run the machine before

Conference Session

Capstone Design III

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed E. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Timothy M. Cameron, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Page 22.805.3the capstone project. Table 1 - ABET Program Outcomes A. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering. B. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. C. An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. D. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams. E. An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems. F. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. G. An ability to communicate effectively. H. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context. I. A

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shane F. Cotter, Union College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

Case Study (2 students) while 4 students identified “learning about different biometric systems” as the most interesting part of the course. • What was the least interesting part of the course? Students thought that the least interesting part of the course was the mathematical computations (3 students) and review of DSP material (2 students) while 5 students did not identify any part of the course as least interesting. • After graduation, are you considering working/studying in the field of (a) Forensics (b) Applied Signal Processing (c) Biometrics (d) Other 6 students were considering one of the first 3 choices as an option while 3 others had already decided on a different area

Conference Session

Computer Science Applications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norena Martin-Dorta, University of La Laguna; Isabel Sánchez Berriel, University of La Laguna; David López Rodríguez; Héctor Amado; Jose Luis Saorin, Universidad de La Laguna; Manuel Contero, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano (I3BH)

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

download, by logging in to the system with a username and password. Users canonly complete a competition once, and then go on to other competitions that the teacher orsystem administrator has activated. Competition results are sent to the server with data ontimes and scores. The application has a help function available for explaining how the gameworks. Each exercise has an overall score of one point if exercise is correct and zero if it’swrong as well as time used for completing it. Page 22.425.3Figure 2. Mobile Game Interface: (a) Login (b) Menus (c) Training access (d) Exercises, (e) An example of a Type 1 exerciseTwo types

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nael Barakat, Grand Valley State University; Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

proteins and nucleic acids. Hydrophobic interaction is thefoundation for the existence of life. b. Microcapsulation and smart paper: The objectives of this lab were to introduce themicroencapsulation technology used in “smart” paper and to understand the different methodsused to break microcapsules and benefit from nanotechnology.Both carbonless copy paper and thermal paper are called “smart” paper. Carbonless copy paperis coated with a variety of chemicals. The coated back sheet has a layer of microcapsules thatcontain an invisible ink. The coated front sheet has a coating of a co-reactant, which whenexposed to the colorless ink in the microcapsules reacts with them to produce color.Microcapsules keep the reactants away from each other until

Conference Session

Mechatronics in the Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bingen Yang, University of Southern California; Cheng-Yuan Jerry Chen, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

xe  L1 cos 1  L2 cos 1   2  (1) ye  L1 sin 1  L2 sin 1   2  Page 22.480.5 b) Inverse kinematics 1    sign( 2 )   2  a tan 2 D,  1  D 2  where (2) xe2  ye2  L12  L22  x 2  y 2  L2  L2  D ,   a tan 2( ye , xe ),   cos 1  e e

Collection

2011 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Craig Stringer

hand of toy if placed in a ch hild’s mouthh. Images o f the studennt’s experiments are fouund inFig 2, shhowing how w the studen nts conducteed the expeeriments in controlled ssurroundingss andcollected d respective data. d (a) (b) (c)Fig. 2: Student condducted expeeriments of safety s and iimpact testiing of a Smuurf Toy (a) h hand sensorr submerged d in water to t simulate moisture m annd testing off conductiviity, (b) impaact testingg on a masss balance sca ale and (c) images

Conference Session

Why Industry Says that our Engineering Students Cannot Write

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Duncan, Valparaiso University; Mark M. Budnik, Valparaiso University; Jeffrey Will, Valparaiso University; Peter E. Johnson, Valparaiso University; Shahin S. Nudehi, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Mechanical Engineering

, VU Senior Design faculty have a weekly meeting to discuss projectperformance and calibrate general grading strategies between faculty members. Additionally,grading rubrics have been created for all assignments (see Appendix B for an example rubric).To eliminate conflicting comments and grades when evaluating oral presentations, eachindividual faculty advisor collates all comments and grades from all faculty members andforwards one grade and screened comments to the appropriate team. Finally, Senior Designfaculty participate in a calibration session for writing assignments. During this session, acommon writing assignment is commented and graded. Then, Senior Design faculty discuss theresults with the goal of developing a common grading

Conference Session

Research Related to Learning and Teaching Engineering in Elementary Classrooms

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue, Towson University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Also helpful is a supportive atmosphere for co-teaching via administrative support andopportunities for co-teaching professional development.Table 1: Summary of four approaches to co-teaching (Villa and colleagues). 8 Note: Do notassume that co-teacher A is the classroom teacher; this may be the case, but is not necessarily so. Approach Co-Teacher A Co-Teacher B Monitors students, provides support Supportive Takes the lead teaching role. and assistance to students. Work with one group of students Work with another group of students

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher W. Swan, Tufts University; Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Bradley A. Striebig, James Madison University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

programs/courses was targeted for the requisitestudent participants in this study. Student interview participants were selected at random fromthe pool of applicants, with an effort to ensure adequate representation among all target groupswithin engineering programs (gender, ethnicity, disciplines). All universities will use EWB-USAas the target extracurricular program. Control group students (not participating in LTS) will beselected from the broader collection of students in each institution’s School/College ofEngineering. A final control cohort will be selected for each university’s Clusters A and B tomirror the average demographic composition (gender, ethnicity, majors) of the two cohorts(curricular and extracurricular LTS) as closely as

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Teaching I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock E. Barry, U.S. Military Academy; Maj Jonathan Bodenhamer, U.S. Military Academy, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering; James J O'Brien Jr., American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

background knowledge andteaching experience. It is easy to be misled or misinterpret cues that are not filtered for context,culture, gender, and personal bias. The available literature focusing on nonverbal classroomcommunication is significantly partial toward projected cues of the instructor and providessurprisingly little content specific to decoding student generated cues.ReferencesAngelo, T. A., & Cross, K. P. (1993). Classroom assessment techniques : a handbook for college teachers (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.Davis, B. G. (2009). Tools for teaching (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Gregersen, T. S. (2005). Nonverbal cues: clues to the detection of foreign language anxiety. Foreign Language

Conference Session

Pay It Forward: Critical Thinking, Reflection and Faculty Engagement Promote Success in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caroline R. Noyes, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jonathan Gordon, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joe Ludlum, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

grades received for the firstattempt at a given course (A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1, F = 0), with Withdrawals treated asmissing data. Page 22.1428.6Table 2. ABET Program Outcomes Criteria ABET CriteriaHard Skills3a: an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering3b: an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data3c: an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability3e: an

Conference Session

Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock J. LaMeres, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

required to read through each of the answersof the question in detail and choose which they felt was the most accurate response. An exampleof a multiple choice question implementing the grading rubric is given below [7]: Multiple Choice Question Example (Objective #1) Which of the following most completely describes the function of the stack in a microcontroller? A The stack is in ROM and is used to access constant data used in your programs. (0 points) B The stack is in RAM and is used to store temporary variable data and subroutine return addresses using indexed addressing modes. (1 points) C The stack allows you to have nested subroutines in your programs

Conference Session

Embedded System Design

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeanne Christman, Rochester Institute of Technology; Eric J. Alley, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

  (b) Rotated Image  Figure 2: Image Rotation by ThetaWhile this equation is straightforward and easily understood by the students, a problem ariseswhen it is used. Due to rounding of floating point values to integers for pixel locations, some Page 22.47.4destination pixels will be mapped to more than one source pixel. With two or more source pixelsmapping to the same destination pixel, there will also be destination pixels that are never writtento, thus leaving holes in the rotated image. To solve the problems of holes and multiplemappings, the reverse mapping equation is employed. In the

Conference Session

Robot Mania!

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey H. Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology, CEISMC

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

team monitored whether the goals of the Robotics certificate were beingachieved by observing the following: a) student satisfaction with the Robotics courses; b) thevalue added to the educational experiences of teachers receiving professional development.Furthermore, the effectiveness of the Robotics courses was assessed by providing formativeguidance to course implementation, educational components and educational partnerships andrelationships. The initial step of analysis involved written transcription of the data into qualitative analysissoftware. Once this was completed, open coding of the data began. According to Strauss andCorbin (1990)16, “[d]uring open coding, the data are broken down into discrete parts, closelyexamined, compared

Conference Session

Issues and Answers in Mathematics Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Chanley, North Essex Community College; Michael E. Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Linda A. Desjardins, Northern Essex Community College; Lori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

) 9 1 11% 56 20 36% Hispanic 10 9 90% 11 7 64% Minority (A, B, I) 1 1 100% 7 4 57% Other (Missing/Unknown, NRA) 3 3 100% 4 2 50% Age <=25 20 12 60% 62 25 40% >25 3 2 67% 16 8 50% Start of Spring 2009 Term: Earned Credits Sum 556

Conference Session

Recruitment & Retention of Women I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Ayre, University of South Australia; Julie E. Mills, University of South Australia; Judith Gill, University of South Australia

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

engineering workforce. Canberra: National Women in EngineeringCommittee, Engineers Australia.5. APESMA (Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia) (2007). Women in theProfessions: Survey Report. Melbourne: APESMA. Available from:http://www.apesma.asn.au/women/survey/women_in_the_professions_2007.pdf . Accessed 24 November 2010.6. Hewlett, S. A., Luce, C. B., Servon, L. J., Sherbin, L., Shiller, P., Sosnovich, E., & Sumberg, K. (2008). TheAthena Factor: Reversing the Brain Drain in Science, Engineering and Technology HBR (Harvard Business Review)Report. Harvard: Center for Work-Life Policy.7. Mills, J., Mehrtens, V., Smith, E., & Adams, V. (2008). “CREW revisited in 2007 The Year of Women inEngineering: an