Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

their professional services.” [2] 2020 Completely changed the code moving from canons to a hierarchical stakeholder model, placing obligations to society (public, humanity) first, the natural and built environment second (e.g., adhere to principles of sustainable development), the profession third, clients and employers fourth, and peers fifth. The environmental considerations were significantly strengthened, moving from should and try to “a. adhere to the principles of sustainable development; b. consider and balance societal, environmental, and economic impacts…; c. mitigate adverse societal, environmental, and economic effects; and d. use resources wisely while minimizing resource

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Computing, Technology, and AI

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz Kurfess, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Katya Vasilaky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Tina Cheuk, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ryan Jenkins; Grace Nolan; Amir Hajrasouliha; Elise St John

, 2021, 2021; Ethics & Compliance Initiative (ECI), 2021;Forsberg, 2004; Marshall, 2009; Open Data Institute, 2021; Thereaux, 2021).The toolkit includes a set of questions team members should ask and reflect on throughout theresearch development process: ideation, proposal writing, sampling/data collection,instrumentation, analysis, implementation/interpretation of outcomes & products, etc. As a firststep, we noticed a need to create a basis of understanding and vision at the institutional levelamong students, instructors, and scholars on the significance of the ethical and social justiceimpacts of data science. One of the objectives of this toolkit is to establish a common languageamong individuals and teams to communicate ethical and

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyeonghun Jwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

State University and is the Director of the online Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Program at Penn State. Her research interests include graduate-and postdoctoral-level engineering education; attrition and persistence mechanisms, metrics, policy, and amelioration; engineering writing and communication; and methodological development for nontraditional data. Her NSF CAREER award studies master’s-level departure from the engineering doctorate as a mechanism of attrition. Catherine earned her B.S. in Chemistry from The University of South Dakota, her M.S. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University, and Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Developing Lab and Research Skills for BioE/BME Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Chapman, University of San Diego; Marissa Forbes, University of San Diego

collaboration and interdisciplinarityin the student writings. For example, Dan shared about this by writing: I have learned alot about not only biology, but also how research is done, how to formulate a question that can be answered by data, and how to determine which results to include in a final report. What was most impactful professionally was the opportunity to see how my expertise in computer science could partner with science experts and together we could collaborate on a project, with each of us contributing our unique skills. (Dan) Jessica and Kate both expressed the importance of the welcoming lab environment, and forJessica, having lunch as a lab contributed to that impression: I think I had the

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 1: Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity (DEI)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yagmur Onder, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

have studied the literature investigating the development of women’sengineering identities [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. However, who I am is more than just a womanengineer. I’m also a 2nd-generation Turkish-American immigrant, and research has also beenconducted into the identity development of 2nd-generation immigrants [8], [10], [16]. The goal ofthis paper is to add to the gap of literature addressing the intersectionality of different identities.I’m writing to the upcoming engineers, perhaps even the next Turkish-American womanmechanical engineering student, and the current existing engineering community to share whereI’ve struggled and where I’ve succeeded. I use autoethnography as the methodology to criticallyanalyze identity development

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2: Innovative Approaches for Teaching Environmental Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joe Dallas Moore, Carnegie Mellon University; Turner Cotterman, Carnegie Mellon University; James Wynn, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

questions have been posted by the moderator, the participants arerequired to write a 200-250 word response on the discussion board the night before class. Theyare also tasked with responding to the post of one other participant before the start of class. The online preparation for course discussion has a couple of important functions. First, itencourages the students to read the assigned materials. Though certainly students can try toimprovise their way through readings and discussions, having to post their thoughts publicly fortheir peers typically keeps them on task. They also recognize that they will be asked to orallyshare their thoughts in group discussion which similarly keeps them engaged. The onlinepostings help students

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shannon Barker, University of Virginia; Amy Clobes, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

evident world problems, indicated but not well evident but do and align with alignment with program articulated, do not align with program not align with program program Writing ability Poor writing Fair writing Good writing Excellent writing skills skills skills skills Clear evidence of Not Vague details; Indicated with Indicated with applicant’s

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Technical Session 13

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton; Jing Yang, Indiana University Bloomington ; Peter N. Knox, Binghamton University (State University of New York); Adam V. Maltese, Indiana University-Bloomington

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

ultimately, the project. This is similar to Sadker and Zimmerman’s [8] spectrum between amentor parent and a peer parent, a caregiver that is focused on the child’s learning process to acaregiver that is motivated by the successful completion of the project, respectively. Similar to[8], we would argue that Mac’s roles were enacted in order to leverage the strengths, needs, andabilities of Walt through the different stages of the engineering design process. Through thecaregiver-child relationship, Mac has an awareness of Walt’s trigger points (e.g., spellingerrors/writing, use of the word challenge), which we acknowledge as shaping the multiple andshifting roles of Mac.In February, Mac and Walt spent their time brainstorming possible solutions, as

Conference Session

Business and Professional Literacy Within Chemical Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dayoung Kim, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Alison J. Kerr, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

phrases that captured these themes.For each participant, we met and shared our individual notes and theme interpretations anddiscussed any similarities and discrepancies. Then, we took turns writing an initial rough summaryof each of the participants’ main themes. We then reviewed the other researchers’ summaries toalign our approach to the summary writing. After we had done this for all transcripts, we then tookturns with writing more thorough descriptions of experiences for each of the participants whichwe again reviewed and revised based on each other’s feedback. At times, we also discussed ourinterpretations with an additional member of our larger team. The following is the refinedsummaries and descriptions from our in-depth review of the

Conference Session

Motivation, Goal Orientation, Identity, and Career Aspirations

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lorenzo Laxamana Ruiz, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo; Dominick Trageser, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Benjamin David Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AbstractIn this research paper, we explore student responses to Utility Value Interventions in staticscourses. Introductory engineering mechanics courses (e.g., statics, dynamics) are critical pointswithin a curriculum, and student performance in these courses can have a strong influence onfuture success. And while these courses are often thought of as “weed out” courses, the ubiquityof these courses for engineers is what makes them an important place for students to develop themotivation to persist through their engineering education. One particularly promising tool for thisdevelopment has been Utility Value Interventions (UVIs) in which students are given opportunitiesto reflect on how their coursework aligns with their lives through short writing

Conference Session

Laboratory Courses and Programming in the Aerospace Curriculum

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Waterloo Tsutsui, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Genisson Silva Coutinho, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia; Alberto W. Mello, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Michael David Sangid, Purdue University; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University at West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

pressure vessel by applying the thin-walled structure theory.In addition to enduring outcomes (Table 2), the labs will educate students on the “important toknow” topics (Table 3). These are specific (i.e., more detailed) topics that students learn whenthey participate in the lab and write a lab reports afterwards.In addition, students confirm lab results with the theoretical results as a part of lab report writeup so that students will be able to understand the theories behind the lab activities and also tounderstand potential errors associated to each activity during the lab.In addition to the contents of Table 3 for specific topics, students must become proficient withthe equipment usage to conduct hands-on experiments all labs. Also

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nirmala Gnanapragasam, Seattle University; Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

senior design requirement. However, evaluating these documents posesdifficulty for faculty and other reviewers due to the variability in the types, nature andcomplexity of projects and the reviewers’ own style of writing and reviewing documents.Developing tools to limit how these variables affect document assessments is difficult, especiallywhile trying to retain flexibility to address a wide variety of project types. Page 26.1747.2Capstone projects have been the focus of many studies. Studies focused on assessment ofcapstone projects have looked at teamwork, peer evaluations, presentations, reports, andtechnical competency2. Assessment

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Duffy, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; David Kazmer, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; John Ting, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Carol Barry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Xiaoqi Zhang, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Donn Clark, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Alan Rux, University of Massachusetts-Lowell

the process.The approach of S-L, with its root in experiential learning, is consistent with the theories andempirical research of a number of leading educators and developmental psychologists, asdocumented by Brandenberger 3 and Jacoby2. The approach is also consistent with the recentchange in paradigm in education from a focus on teaching to a focus on learning3,4. Astin et al5.found with longitudinal data of 22,000 students that service participation had significant positive Page 12.1275.2effects on 11 outcome measures: academic performance (GPA, writing skills, critical thinkingskills), values (commitment to activism and to promoting

Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Drushel, Case Western Reserve University; John Gallagher, Wright State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

ideas. Moreover, a physical papernotebook was flexible enough to incorporate printouts of code (already typed for the compiler Page 13.1283.3anyways) and digital photographs (after the lab obtained a digital camera) by taping or staplingthem in, or else keeping the notebook as a 3-ring binder, to allow easy insertion of pages. Somestudents made rough handwritten notes in class and then typed them into a word processor ontheir own computers, especially those who had poor handwriting but were efficient typists.Overall, the immediacy afforded by just writing down observations in real time during classallowed high-quality documentation to be

Conference Session

Successful Mentoring and Outreach Programs for Girls and Minorities

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Kenneth Simonson, University of Cincinnati; Latiera Evans, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Page 14.946.4Following three activities were executed for 4th to 5th grades students:1. Simple Machine Activity. The purpose of this activity was to illustrate how machines work.For this group the students had pictures of machines that they cut out and then identified whichgroup the machines belong to by matching the names of the machines with the pictures. Eachstudent created a poster identifying the machine, explaining what the machine does, and why thatjob was important. They had to write a short statement about how it relates to life today.2. Candy Chromatography. The goal of this project is to use paper chromatography to see whichdyes are used in the coatings of your favorite colored candies. The students were given a set ofmaterials to

Conference Session

Learning Environments for Statics, Dynamics, and Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Allen Evenhouse, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rohit R. Kandakatla, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Nick A. Stites, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Nimit Patel, McKinsey & Company; Austin Zadoks, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Taylor Prebel, Purdue University; Claudio Cesar Silva de Freitas, Purdue University; Charles Morton Krousgrill, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Edward J. Berger, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Jeffrey F. Rhoads, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

two experienced Freeform instructors was video recorded over the course of the Spring2016 semester and subsequently analyzed with respect to instructor actions. Continuous videocoding analysis was used to capture how much time these two instructors dedicated to variousinstructional activities such as assessments, traditional lecturing, demonstrations, and writing notesor examples in real-time. The analysis provides a clearer picture of how and when these twoveteran instructors employed active, blended, and collaborative approaches in their classrooms.The implications of the analysis are two-fold. First, we strive to improve Freeform instruction atour institution by providing instructors with an opportunity to reflect on their

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Santiago Jr., Colorado Technical University; Jing Guo, Colorado Technical University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

:  Address economic viability and drivers  Creating customer value  Identifying individual and societal needs and benefits  Communicating engineering solutions in terms of economic value and societal benefits  Understanding perspectives and motivations of others (stakeholders, customers, peers, senior leadership, etc.).Integration of EML Activities and Student Workload ConsiderationsOne concern by the authors is student workload given the amount of required technicaldeliverables plus the EML activities during the 11-week course. The typical CoE student areadults who have family and work full-time. Most of the evening students take classes at nightbetween 5 p.m. to 11 p.m. In addition, the digital communications course has

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brendon Lumgair P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

entered into the LMSgrade book without any human labour. The time allocated to write each quiz was 1.2 minutes perquestion, which was the same as the NPPE. Quizzes were open-book, open-notes but were to becompleted individually. It was impossible to supervise that the tests were indeed completedindividually, and some students were commented about cheating in their surveys. The timewindow to write a quiz was 48 hours. Students could start their quiz at any time in that window.After the testing time window had expired, the instructor allowed students to review whichquestions they got wrong on the test.For the online quizzes the average grades were similar from 2014 to 2015 (Table 5). Howeverthe standard deviation was much less in 2015

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holt Zaugg PhD, Brigham Young University; Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University; Alan R. Parkinson, Brigham Young University; Spencer P. Magleby, Brigham Young University; Timothy L. Elliott, Brigham Young University; Kathryn L. Watkins, Brigham Young University; Meaghan Lynn Weldele, Brigham Young University; Quincey Cole, Harold B. Lee Library ; Lindsey R. Barnes

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

. With which college/school are you affiliated? C. What program are you attending? D. How did you find out about the international program? (Check all that apply.) General Questions for All SA programs As a result of participating in this international program: 1. My confidence and ability to live abroad or interact with people from other cultures has been strengthened. 2. I have a greater appreciation for other nations or cultures. 3. I have a deeper understanding of my own culture. 4. I have a deeper understanding of my own discipline. 5. My respect and love for people different from me has grown. 6. Please write a paragraph explaining the impact that your study abroad program has had on your overall

Conference Session

Flipped Electrical and Computer Engineering Classrooms 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven G Northrup, Western New England University; John J. Burke P.E., Western New England University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Many of the quicker students had to wait for their peers to finish writing theirnotes. This issue will be addressed in the survey data section of the paper. Getting back to thevideo lectures posted after the class. At times, when the content was not covered sufficientlybecause of the slower in-class lecture techniques, a video lecture was recorded with redundantlecture content after the class – usually posted within a day of the lecture. The video lecturematerial is summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Video Lecture Topics Lecture Lecture Topic Covered Topic Covered Number Number Passive Sign

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

?); 2. Many college students do not know how to take effective notes. Although various strategies and formats for effective “note-taking” have been identified. The fact is that “note-taking” is seldom taught; 3. The listening, language, and/or motor skill deficits of some students make it difficult for them to identify important lecture content and write it down correctly and quickly enough during a lecture; 4. Instructors sometimes get off-track from the primary objectives of the lecture. Professors—especially those who really know and love their disciplines—are famous for going off on tangents during a lecture. Although getting off-track would break the monotony, it could make it difficult for even the

Conference Session

Elementary Students: Computational Thinking, Reasoning, and Troubleshooting

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily M. Haluschak, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michelle L. Stevens, Lafayette School Corporation; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kristina Maruyama Tank, Iowa State University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Elizabeth Gajdzik, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

: Happy and healthy. teacher: Happy and healthy. [Writing] Happy… Sophia: And grateful. teacher: healthy hamsters.When trying to get to an understanding of “why” they are trying to solve the problem, the firstgrade students needed more guidance to figure out why the problem needed to be solved. Thefirst email that the students received from their client described that Perri’s customers wereasking for changes to the cage in order for their hamsters to have “more room to run and exploreto be happy and healthy.” The first student answer was centered around his own thoughts, i.e.,Kyle made the connection that expanding the habitat means more hamsters could fit. In order tohelp

Conference Session

Problem Solving, Adaptive Expertise, and Social Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University; Rose M. Marra, University of Missouri; Douglas J. Hacker, University of Utah; John Dunlosky

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

assistant/associate professor in the Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Research at The University of Memphis. During those years, he worked in the areas of reading and writing processes, metacognition, self-regulated learning, teacher education, and school and program evaluation. Dr. Hacker moved to the University of Utah in 1999 and has continued his research in the previous areas and has added to them research in the area of the detection of deception. Also at the University of Utah, he served as chair of the Teaching and Learning Department. His publications have appeared in the Journal of Educational Psychology, Contemporary Educational Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, and

Conference Session

Case Studies & Engineering Education Around the Globe

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

?); 2. Many college students do not know how to take effective notes. Although various strategies and formats for effective “note-taking” have been identified. The fact is that “note-taking” is seldom taught; 3. The listening, language, and/or motor skill deficits of some students make it difficult for them to identify important lecture content and write it down correctly and quickly enough during a lecture; 4. Instructors sometimes get off-track from the primary objectives of the lecture. Professors—especially those who really know and love their disciplines—are famous for going off on tangents during lecture. Although getting off-track would break the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering in the Classroom

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luciana Barroso, Texas A&M University; James Morgan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, undergraduates in this courseare encouraged to attend and offered a small amount of extra credit for writing a summary of thekey topics. These summaries indicate that the students do follow the key ideas presented in mostcases, and the better students frequently come and discuss the ideas with the instructor afterclass.This exposure to cutting edge design and research opens the students to the possibilities forresearch. The projects also increase student confidence that they can successfully tackle largerproblems that deal with advanced topics. Two undergraduate students who took the course in theFall of 2002 were recruited to participate in research on structural health monitoring. Very fewundergraduates participate in undergraduate research within our

Conference Session

Scholarship in Engineering Technology

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

George Morgan; Gene Gloeckner; Amin Karim; Ahmed Khan

; Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Education" Figure 1. Modes for Maintaining Technical Currency 250 205 200 182 165 150 133 110 89 100 75 50 0 Participation in Presenting / Attending Reading Keeping up- Know ledge / Working as Prof. Org. Writing Conf

Conference Session

Comparing National Styles of Engr. Educ.

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Thibault; Rene Hivon; Danielle L'Heureux; Noel Boutin

principles of business management andentrepreneurship. The abilities they would like to see their graduates master are: Rigorous background in engineering science; Broad base in liberal arts, writing and communication; Superior computational skills; Experience in small team project design and project based problem solving; Exposure to cutting edge research activity in corporate and university settings; Firsthand knowledge of business and entrepreneurial practices; Philanthropic spirit; Confidence.In Canada, McMaster University has implemented the Problem-based learning (PBL) approachconceived by Woods (1993, 1996) [10]. PBL is a generic term. According to Woods, «PBL

Conference Session

Culture, Society, and Co-op

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Millward-Sadler, University of Applied Science, Graz; Annette Casey, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences; Frank Newman, University of Graz

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2010-242: FACILITATING ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN THE LANGUAGECLASSROOM: MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES PROFILES TO IMPROVEFOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCEAdrian Millward-Sadler, University of Applied Science, GrazAnnette Casey, Joanneum University of Applied SciencesFrank Newman, University of Graz Frank Newman is a senior lecturer at the Department of Translation Studies at the University of Graz in Graz, Austria. Frank has been teaching English, mainly writing skills, and American culture since 1984. He also teaches English for Engineers at the Graz University of Technology and was involved for many years in in-service teaching training in Austria and abroad. His current focus is using wikis in language teaching

Conference Session

FPD X: First-Year Design with Projects, Modeling, and Simulation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mario Gomes, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

their camera to their desired height usingtethers, and have it take a photograph of the target area. Then analysis of the photographwould be done using the MATLAB program developed in stages during the course. Theresult of the analysis was to determine the area enclosed by the figure on the ground. Many Page 22.149.2different designs for timers were created from the materials given, ranging from water clocktimers, viscous timers, ice timers, etc.The programming component of the project was done as individuals, i.e. each student wasresponsible for writing the analysis software. The lab component of the course taught basicprogramming constructs such

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

on the exam?); 2. Many college students do not know how to take effective notes. Although various strategies and formats for effective “note-taking” have been identified. The fact is that “note-taking” is seldom taught; 3. The listening, language, and/or motor skill deficits of some students make it difficult for them to identify important lecture content and write it down correctly and quickly enough during a lecture; 4. Instructors sometimes get off-track from the primary objectives of the lecture. Professors—especially those who really know and love their disciplines—are famous for going off on tangents during a lecture. Although getting off-track would break the monotony, it could make it