Conference Session

Model Eliciting Activities

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; John Anthony Christ, U.S. Air Force Academy; Ronald L. Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Tamara J. Moore, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to visit the Models & Modeling Website(www.modelsandmodeling.net), which provides a host of MEAs and further explains how theymay be implemented in the upper division engineering classrooms.AcknowledgementThis research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through DUE 071780 andDUE 070607: “Collaborative Research: Improving Engineering Students’ Learning Strategiesthrough Models and Modeling.”References1. Lesh, R., M. Hoover, B. Hole, A. Kelly and T. Post, Principles for developing thought-revealing activities for students and teachers. The Handbook of Research Design in Mathematics and Science Education., Kelly, A. and Lesh, R. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah New Jersey

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Danielle Tadros, Drexel University; Christopher Sikich, Sun Valley High School

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

. (c) (b)  (a)        Figure 4:  (a) CAD plan view    of serpentine channel, (b) 3‐D  model of chip, (c) 3‐D printed  robotic arm, (d) chip mounted  on robot station, (e) control

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

BOUFARES Tahar; RAHMOUNI Mostapha; Mir-KASMI Souad; DJILLALI Karim

N R1 R2 S R2 O Chromophores obtained and intermediate compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C, IR and mass spectrometry). Keywords DSSCs, Rhodanine, Merocyanine, Dye, Photovoltaic cells.Proceedings of the 2012 Midwest Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education References [1]. Aberle, A.G. Thin Solid Films 2009, 517, 4706. [2]. Dentani T, Nagasaka K, Funabiki K, Jin JY, Yoshida T, Minoura H, et al 2008; 77 , 59–69. [3]. Wang ZS, Hara K, Dan-oh Y, Kasada C, Shinpo A, Suga S, et al.J Phys Chem B,2005

Conference Session

Integrating Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen M. Bursic, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

, introduced the same course material, and students were given the samehomework assignments, quizzes, and exams. Clickers were introduced in the experimentalsection but not in the two comparison sections. The experimental section (fall, 2011) consistedof 67 industrial engineering students and while comparison section A (fall, 2010) also consistedof only industrial engineering students (61 students enrolled), comparison section B (fall, 2011)consisted of 69 students that were primarily civil engineers but also included students frommechanical, computer, and electrical engineering. In addition, while both the experimental andcomparison section A were taught in two one hour and fifteen minute lectures per week,comparison section B was taught in one two

Conference Session

Computers and Simulation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hyun J. Kwon, Andrews University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

computersimulation renders understanding of concept, related theory, and necessary modeling experience.The objectives of this study are as follows: (a) Promote understanding of fluid dynamics conceptby doing (ABET outcome e)– theoretical analysis through modeling with variable parametersand solving it using the COMSOL. Students learn more effectively if they practice the concept inreal application – modeling equations and simulating to obtain objects’ drag coefficients andreconfirming it through experiments. (b) Expose students to modern technology (ABEToutcome k): Students are exposed to the modern and leading technology that industry is currentlyusing or heading to. Students learn to find and master new technology as necessary. This alsocarried the

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard L. Zollars, Washington State University; Adam Scott Carter, Washington State University; Christopher Hundhausen, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

the authors has developed an asynchronous software program for use in computer sciencecourses. This software, OSBLE (Online Studio-Based Learning Environment), provides anonline environment designed to facilitate peer review of students’ code solutions.14 OSBLEsupports three user interfaces: (a) student; (b) instructor; and (c) code moderator. Studentssubmit code solutions to be reviewed through the system. Once they have done so, their solutionsbecome "locked": they may no longer modify them, but they now have access to the codesolutions of their peers. Thus, a period of on-line code review can begin. Students areencouraged to view the solutions of the members of their review team, to identify issues withthose solutions, and to log those

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanna Schmeelk, Rutgers University; Robert Sigley, Rutgers University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2012-5379: NEW TOOLS FOR RESEARCH: USING THE VIDEO MO-SAIC COLLABORATIVEDr. Suzanna Schmeelk, Rutgers University Suzanna Schmeelk is a Research Associate at the Robert B. Davis Institute for Learning at Rutgers Uni- versity, where she completed an Ed.D. in mathematics education. Her research interests include represen- tation research and evidence research of students’ understanding of mathematical content.Robert Sigley, Rutgers University Robert Sigley is a researcher at the Robert B. Davis Institute for Learning at Rutgers University, as well as a Ph.D. student in mathematics education. His research interests include developing computer supported collaborative learning environments for mathematics education and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Warren, Kansas State University; Xiongjie Dong, Kansas State University; Tim J. Sobering, Kansas State University; Jason Yao, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

thefrequency content of each of the respective signals prior to designing and building theappropriate filter circuitry. Laboratory report assessments, coupled with end-of-semester surveys,indicated that (a) learning objectives were met, (b) student experiences were positive, and (c) theresources provided by the portable toolset were sensible alternatives to benchtop hardware thatwould normally be employed in those exercises.I. IntroductionMobile data acquisition (DAQ) toolkits offer potential in secondary engineering education to (a)reduce cost and overcrowding issues experienced in static benchtop laboratories, (b) add hands-on exercises to formerly lecture-only courses, and (c) offer mobile learning experiences tostudents who are used to immediate

Conference Session

Panel: Infusing Professional Skills Development into Co-op Student Work Assignments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John (Jack) Anthony Selter, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

2 categories: “Engineering Skills” and “Professional in the WorkplaceSkills.”Engineering Skills Professional In the Workplace Skills• (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, • (d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary science, and engineering; teams;• (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, • (f) an understanding of professional and ethical as well as to analyze and interpret data; responsibility;• (c) an ability to design a system, component, or • (g) an ability to communicate effectively; process to meet desired needs within realistic • (h) the broad education necessary to understand constraints such as economic

Conference Session

Simulations and Visualizations

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Goodarz Ahmadi, Clarkson University; Suresh Dhaniyala, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

of these tests Page 25.1027.8was to determine how efficiently the participants could complete each task. 72. A survey questionnaire was administered to students enrolled in the courses designedto assess the students' satisfaction with the website. (a) (b) Figure 7: (a) Some of the instruments (DMAs and impactors) to characterize particle losses during transportation. (b) Aerosol size distribution monitoring under workplace conditions. (a) (b)Figure

Conference Session

Projects in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph P. Hoffbeck, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

(kHz) Figure 7: Spectrum of Recording of Owl Hoots and Backup BeeperTherefore a lowpass filter can be designed to pass the owl hoots and eliminate the backupbeeper. Although FIR or IIR filters could be used in this application, the author uses this projectwhile teaching FIR filters. The students are simply asked to design an FIR filter that eliminatesthe sound of the backup beeper while passing the owl hoots. The MATLAB commands todesign and test one possible FIR filter with a cutoff frequency of 730 Hz are shown below. [x,fs] = wavread('owl_beep.wav'); % load audio file soundsc(x,fs) % listen to the input file b

Conference Session

The Transition from Secondary to College Mathematics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex Feldman, Boise State University; Doug Bullock, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.References1. http://www.aleks.com/2. Rueda, N.G. & Sokolowski, C. (2004). Mathematics Placement Test: Helping Students Succeed. TheMathematics Educator, 14 (2) (pp. 27-33).3. Cederberg, J. N. (1999). Administering a placement test: St. Olaf College. In B. Gold, S. Keith, & W. Marion(Eds.), Assessment practices in undergraduate mathematics (pp. 178−180). Washington, DC: MathematicsAssociation of America.4. Cohen, E., Friedlander, J., Kelemen-Lohnas, E., & Elmore, R. (1989). Approaches to predicting student success:Findings and recommendations from a study of California Community Colleges. Santa Barbara, CA: Chancellor’sOffice of the California

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abby M Kelly, University of Washington; Evan T. Curtis, Univeristy of Nebraska, Lincoln; Johnathan Ian Edward McCoy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Dennis D. Schulte P.E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln; David Jones, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

consulted for assistance. After evaluation, evidence was uploaded into a Microsoft Access database and stored in asecure network folder. This folder was available only to those active in the ABET analysisprocess to ensure preservation of the document. Within the Access database, courses were organized based on course number and in order Page 25.192.4to view specific courses, a user could scroll using the arrows seen in Figure 3.A to cycle throughthe list of courses. The top matrix for each course, labeled “Target”, is a repetition of the SOM,showing the courses targeted Bloom’s levels for each of the ABET Student Outcomes (Figure3.B). The

Conference Session

Integrating Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kellie Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Suzanna Long, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Sean Michael Schmidt, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-3147: HYBRID DELIVERY OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY TOLARGE CLASSESKellie Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology Kellie Grasman serves as an instructor in engineering management and systems engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology. She holds graduate degrees in engineering and business admin- istration from the University of Michigan and began teaching in 2001 after spending several years in industry positions. She was named the 2011-12 Robert B. Koplar Professor of Engineering Management for her achievements in online learning. She serves as an eMentor for the University of Missouri System and earned a Faculty Achievement Award for teaching.Dr. Suzanna Long, Missouri

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melanie L. Sattler, University of Texas, Arlington; Victoria C. P. Chen, University of Texas, Arlington; Brian H. Dennis, University of Texas, Arlington; Stephen P. Mattingly, University of Texas, Arlington; K.J. Rogers, University of Texas, Arlington; Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington; Madhu Rani, University of Texas, Arlington; Ketwalee Kositkanawuth

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

sustainability concepts and terminology (freshman level and beyond) B. Identify components of sustainability and impact metrics (freshman level and beyond) C. Examine and prioritize project impacts on sustainability (junior level and beyond) D. Recognize engineering solution impacts on sustainability and impact metrics (junior level, senior project, and internship) E. Identify mitigation strategies for reducing negative impacts on sustainability (junior level and beyond) F. Demonstrate and develop oral and written communication skills (internship) G. Perform a comprehensive evaluation of candidate engineering solutions that includes sustainability (senior project, internship)Achievement of Objectives A-E was assessed via

Collection

2012 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Bridgette Valencia; Shouling He

stepper motor driver. Fig.1. Basic structure of the four-legged walker(1) Mechanical FrameWith four legs, the walker can stably stand on the ground. The two front legs are made up ofthree concentric metal tubes which are shown in Fig. 2 (a). The outer tube holds the middle tubewhich compresses the spring coil surrounding the inner tube. A single aperture is drilled into the Fig.2. (a) Structure of the front leg; (b) Internal motor control of the front leg(2) Inclinometer The working principle of a gravity inclinometer is shown in Fig. 3. When the surface of an object is not perpendicular to the line through the earth’s center of

Conference Session

Making Headway: Two-year/Four-year Curriculum Alignment and Also U-G Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., University of Texas, Tyler; Mary Eileen Smith, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board; Martha M. Ellis

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

. Page 25.234.16 3. The courses indicated in green are courses that may need to be created at the community college. 4. Engineering Elective: a. Students interested in pursuing mechanical or civil engineering should take ENGR 2302: Engineering Mechanics—Dynamics as the engineering elective. b. Students interested in pursuing electrical engineering should take COSC 1420— C/C++ Structured Programming or equivalent, as the engineering elective. c. Students interested in pursuing industrial engineering should ENGR 2308— Engineering Economics as the engineering elective.Visual and Performing Arts Elective: The Visual and Performing Arts Core Curriculum elective should

Conference Session

Laboratory Innovations

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Tony Lee Kerzmann, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

using a digital protractor and alsomeasure the lengths of the links. After they collected the necessary geometric data, they were tomake a sketch of the system and determine the Instantaneous Center of Rotation (ICR). Thelaboratory assignment gives the students the velocity of point B at an instant in time and thestudents were then asked to find the velocity at point C using the ICR. The purpose of thislaboratory was to present a real-world system that uses some theoretical concepts such asdetermining an Instantaneous Center of Rotation, Rigid Body Motion, Relative VelocityCalculation and Angular Velocity Calculation. The students seemed to enjoy this laboratory andworked very well in their groups to determine the solutions to the questions

Collection

2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Mauro J. Caputi; Tiffany LaBozzetta; Michelle Llanos; Mary Kate Sirianni; Necol Habib

.  Lab Report 4 is worth 50% of your Design Project 4 grade.2b. Research and InvestigateGather information to build a knowledge base to meet the design challenge.Knowledge and Skill Builder 4: Bumpers, Angles, Rubber Bands, and Pinballs(a) Create three bumpers of different angles and various sizes of rubber bands. Stretch the rubber bands between some nails or pushpins on the board. Bumper 1 Bumper 2 Bumper 3 Bumper Angle Rubber Band Size(b) Raise the top edge of the board 5 inches and experiment with the pinball and bumpers. Which bumper produced the best bounce? 1 2 3 [circle one] Explanation:(c) Raise the top edge of the board 8 inches and experiment with the pinball and

Collection

2012 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Mauro J. Caputi; Tiffany LaBozzetta; Michelle Llanos; Mary Kate Sirianni; Necol Habib

.  Lab Report 4 is worth 50% of your Design Project 4 grade.2b. Research and InvestigateGather information to build a knowledge base to meet the design challenge.Knowledge and Skill Builder 4: Bumpers, Angles, Rubber Bands, and Pinballs(a) Create three bumpers of different angles and various sizes of rubber bands. Stretch the rubber bands between some nails or pushpins on the board. Bumper 1 Bumper 2 Bumper 3 Bumper Angle Rubber Band Size(b) Raise the top edge of the board 5 inches and experiment with the pinball and bumpers. Which bumper produced the best bounce? 1 2 3 [circle one] Explanation:(c) Raise the top edge of the board 8 inches and experiment with the pinball and

Conference Session

Experiential Learning Programs and the Transition to Industry

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin Edin Grimheden, Royal Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

ofthe support system as on the electronics involved for the measurement. The task proved to bemore complex than first envisioned due to difficulties with non-stable temperature gradientsand condensation and the student team spent quite a lot of time on instrumentation issues and Page 25.963.4analogue electronics.Company B is medium-sized Swedish company developing production equipment for theelectronics industry. The division hosting the capstone project develops equipment for surfacemounted circuit boards and is the world-leader within their particular segment. The companyis located close to KTH, within half an hour drive. In this case, the

Conference Session

ABET Accreditation, Assessment, and Program Improvement in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danial J. Neebel, Loras College; Nicholas J. Burek, Loras College; Thomas Griebel, Loras College

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

fixed location. The Sprite can be the same tile rotated or four different tiles. Page 25.648.6 b) Then add a four tile sprite that moves from left to right across the middle of the screen. c) Next, change the program such that the sprite moves diagonally across the screen. The sprite must reappear on the opposite edge if it moves off the screen. The speed of the movement can be fixed and dependent upon delays placed in the program since the program need not perform other operations. d) Make the sprite “bounce” at screen boundaries or for an added challenge use the collision detection features to make the sprite

Conference Session

Student Learning and Teamwork

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenifer M. Shannon, Pennsylvania State University, Berks; Rungun Nathan, Pennsylvania State University, Berks

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

course time in future semesters on peer reviews to refine this process.Instructors compared student work from current students (group A) that wrote the Summary andConclusion section alone with students (group B) that wrote the entire report for the samelaboratory exercise. Both groups of students were given the following guidelines for writing thissection of the report. “The summary should address each major part of the experiment. Concluding remarks should be based on the measured results, calculated results and graphical results (when applicable). The conclusions should be clear, logical and technically valid. Conclusions should directly correlate with the objectives and discuss any implications of the results

Conference Session

What Are We Learning About Co-op and Experiential Education Experience?

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

returning tocampus. You may find this to be helpful in other courses or when interviewing for permanentpositions or graduate school.The formal reportAnd the report itself followed a path of discovery, allowing the student to discover what theactual workings of industry entailed. Page 25.319.4LEVEL I REPORTInformational AbstractI. Nature of the Work Setting a. The functions, products, or services of your employing organization. b. The organizational structure of your employer. c. The relationship of your unit or department to the overall structure. d. The objectives of your position. The utilization of your technical

Conference Session

Computer Science-related Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Korey L. Sewell, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Jeff Ringenberg, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

students to be as creative as they liked to develop their own mobileapplication. Groups of 2 or 3 students submitted project brainstorming and project proposalworksheets to begin their projects. After instructor approval, students used the remaining labtime to work with their group to complete the mobile application. Some of the notableapplications that the students created were a Coloring Book featuring their favorite cartoncharacters, a GPS-Aware Tour-Guide application, and extensions to pre-made video games (e.g.the Wack-A-Mole game was modified to Wack-A-Celebrity featuring their favorite pop-culturefigures). Appendix B contains a listing of sample project ideas for future iterations of theseprograms

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Patrick Hogan, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Dan Cernusca, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

instruction perspectives the above mentioned generations share severalcharacteristics with impact on how educational environments have to be shaped to stimulatelearner motivation and engagement. Of these, Millennials’ high confidence combined with asignificant external-driven achievement and pressure to quickly building strong resumes’ placenew requirements on an educational context. Educational organizations started to address theserequirements by creating an instructional environment in which: a) success criteria are clearlyset, b) feedback tools associated with the attainment of success are available, c) instructionalprocess provides multiple equivalent learning tools and strategies, and d) the content ismodularized and flexible allowing both

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education for Emerging Technologies and Competitiveness

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hung-da Wan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Firasath Ahmed Syed, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

raw material. Several cases of rough surface of FDM products have been documented. Figure 3(a) shows that the slanted (or curved) surfaces of FDM products can be ragged due to the size of plastic filament that forms the layers. Figure 3(b) shows a different problem. The component of an air filtration system (senior design, fall 2011), which should be perfectly circular, came out with small edges that affected the airflow. It was caused by a low resolution setting when the students translated the CAD model into STL format (commonly used by RP machines). The STL format uses triangular mesh to approximate 3D designs. With a low resolution, the STL file is compact, but the approximation of curvatures can be

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Polly R. Piergiovanni, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

) qe Q QbCeAgain, the students can use Excel to plot equation (4) and determine the parameters. Theconstant Q represents the maximum adsorbate that can be adsorbed onto the surface, andb is the isotherm constant. If b is large, and the quantity Q b is much larger than one, the € The implications can be discussed in class.isotherm is favorable.Modeling the adsorption kinetics is more complicated, and requires a differentialequation. This is probably not too difficult for first year engineering students, but may befor students with less mathematical background. To assist nonengineering studentsunderstand a first order process, it is helpful to first show them some examples: flow offluid from a tank, or the braking of an

Conference Session

Innovations in Promoting Technological Literacy I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Simona Dana Dimitriu, Pat Neff Middle School - Northside Independent School District (NISD); Thomas Gadsden Jr., Our Lady of the Lake University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

professionals as well.ProblemTexas has the 8th largest economy in the world, an unemployment rate of 4.8%, and four assetsthat are drawing more manufacturers to the state: low taxes (no state taxes), tort reform, a centralNAFTA location, and a growing population. Engineering is one of the four jobs in most demandin Texas. However, in the Thomas B. Fordham Institute's 2005 report on the State of the StateScience Standards, Texas was among 16 states to receive an "F" in science instruction. A 2007report by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) showed that between 2004-2007 the number of undergraduates at public schools in Texas earning STEM degrees declinedfrom 14,600 to 13,000, despite a “Closing the Gaps” target of 24,000 STEM degrees

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Dean Palmer, Northern Arizona University; Eck Doerry, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

connectivity amongCS majors and increasing the visibility of computer science across campus. In practice,attendance at LAN parties was modest and highly selective. Only those who (a) had a gamingPC and (b) were willing to transport their setup across campus became involved. This left uswith a small population of the most dedicated gamers where (a) most were male, with (b) analmost exclusive focus on “first-person shooter” games, and (c) a strong focus on highly-competitive “last man standing” tournaments. The consequence of this dynamic was that, whileeveryone on campus was invited in theory, in practice, a small hard-core group of malesparticipated; the appeal and “entry threshold” was simply too restrictive. Not only did the LANparty concept fail to