Conference Session

Assessment and Accreditation in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maxwell Reid, Auckland University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

theconsequent accreditation requirements of the Institute of Professional Engineers New Zealand(IPENZ).The four-year BE programme is internationally benchmarked to the graduate profile agreedby the member countries of the Washington Accord (WA). In New Zealand, the Institute ofProfessional Engineers (IPENZ) acts as the approval and accrediting body in New Zealandand are a signatory of the Accord1.AUT Bachelor programmesAUT offers a four year Bachelor of Engineering (BE) (honours) programme and a three yearBachelor of Engineering Technology (B Eng Tech) programme. The four year BE (Honours)programme at AUT is designed for students who wish to become engineers and preparesgraduates for membership of IPENZ (MIPENZ). The mathematical underpinning of

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Shepard, University of Saint Thomas; Colton Thomas Altobell, Camp Olson YMCA

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

facilitator ensures that all participants walk away having learned something new.References1 White, W.S. (1906). Reviews before and after school vacation. American Education, 10, pp. 185-188.2 Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., Greathouse, S. (1996). The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review, Review of Educational Research. 66, pp. 227-268.3 Alexander, K.L., Entwisle D.R., & Olson L. S. (2007). Summer learning and its implications: Insights from the Beginning School Study, New Directions for Youth Development, 114, pp. 11-32.4 Dale, E. (1954). Audio-visual methods in teaching. New York,, Dryden Press5 Rudman, C.L. (1994). A review of the

Collection

2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Yacob Astatke; Craig Scott; Kemi Ladeji-Osias; Petronella James

complete their laboratory assignments. (a) (b) Figure 1(a): Virtual instrumentation interface seen by online students. (b) Sample view fromlaptops of two online students that can use the same Agilent equipment remotely at the sametime . Table IV shows the pedagogy we used to convert a RC filter laboratory experiment that isdesigned for a F2F laboratory to one that can be conducted completely online using the sameequipment. The picture on the right of Fig. 2 illustrates one of the results of the “RC TimeConstant Evaluation” laboratory experiment conducted by an online student. After the studentscomplete Part I of the laboratory experiment using the Agilent oscilloscopes

Collection

2012 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Yacob Astatke; Craig Scott; Kemi Ladeji-Osias; Petronella James

complete their laboratory assignments. (a) (b) Figure 1(a): Virtual instrumentation interface seen by online students. (b) Sample view fromlaptops of two online students that can use the same Agilent equipment remotely at the sametime . Table IV shows the pedagogy we used to convert a RC filter laboratory experiment that isdesigned for a F2F laboratory to one that can be conducted completely online using the sameequipment. The picture on the right of Fig. 2 illustrates one of the results of the “RC TimeConstant Evaluation” laboratory experiment conducted by an online student. After the studentscomplete Part I of the laboratory experiment using the Agilent oscilloscopes

Conference Session

Retention and Two-year to Four-year Transfer

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Krudysz, City College of the City University of New York; Ardie D. Walser, City College of the City University of New York; Annita Alting, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

10 0 start 1_YR 2_YR 3_YR 4_YRFigure 3a-b. 4-year retention rates for students who transferred from community collegesto the Senior College with (a) or without (b) AS degreesIt is yet to be seen whether graduation rates will also be higher for JD students compared totransfers from community colleges who were not part of the JD program. These results shouldinterpreted with caution be due to the small number of students in each cohort.GPAs can also be used to determine the success of the JD program and prediction of studentretention. Figure 4 shows average semester GPAs (on a 4.0 scale) for each semester for whichstudents in the JD program were

Conference Session

Innovatiive Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Crichigno, Northern New Mexico College; Ivan Lopez Hurtado, Northern New Mexico College

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

assignment exampleHomework assignments included around 15 exercises adopted and adapted from 4, 5, 6, 7. Thefollowing is an example adapted from 5, Chapter 4: “Consider the network shown in Figure 4. The network layer at node A receives 4000 bytesfrom the transport layer, to be sent to node B. Assume that the MTU (in bytes) of the copperEthernet network, copper serial network, optical fiber network, and copper Ethernet network is10000, as shown in the figure. Assume also that the final hop, the wireless network, has an MTUof 1420. (a) How will the transfer happen in each router? (b) Explain also, in detail, what R4 willdo, including fragmentation process, number of fragments, and fragmentation offset field in theIP packet/s

Collection

2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Muhammad Faysal Islam; Mohammed Nazrul Islam

between environment andorganization and technology is between science and organization. Therefore, systemsengineering is an overlap of all three elements and driven by information flowing through eachelements. The technical process of systems engineering involves defining system requirements,design, development and testing where the managerial process involves resource allocation,planning, monitoring, control, risk and change management. (a) (b) Figure 4: Systems engineering as a combination of science, environment and organization (a), technical and managerial processes of systems engineering (b)According to Project Management Institute (PMI), a project is a temporary

Collection

2012 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Muhammad Faysal Islam; Mohammed Nazrul Islam

between environment andorganization and technology is between science and organization. Therefore, systemsengineering is an overlap of all three elements and driven by information flowing through eachelements. The technical process of systems engineering involves defining system requirements,design, development and testing where the managerial process involves resource allocation,planning, monitoring, control, risk and change management. (a) (b) Figure 4: Systems engineering as a combination of science, environment and organization (a), technical and managerial processes of systems engineering (b)According to Project Management Institute (PMI), a project is a temporary

Conference Session

Broadening Participation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine M. Cunningham, Museum of Science, Boston; Cathy P. Lachapelle, Museum of Science, Boston

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2012-3732: ENGAGING ALL STUDENTS IN ENGINEERINGDr. Christine M. Cunningham, Museum of Science, Boston Christine Cunningham is a Vice President at the Museum of Science, Boston, where she oversees curric- ular materials development, teacher professional development, and research and evaluation efforts related to K-16 engineering and science learning and teaching. Her projects focus on making engineering and science more relevant, understandable, and accessible to everyone, especially marginalized populations such as women, underrepresented minorities, people from low socio-economic backgrounds, and people with disabilities. She is the Founder and Director of the Engineering is Elementary project.Ms. Cathy P

Conference Session

Engineering Education for Modern Needs Part II: Novel Curriculum Development and Project-based Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Shadle, Boise State University; Louis Nadelson, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

participants’ knowledgeabout student learning and best pedagogical practices and b) facilitating the integration of thosebest practices into participants’ teaching practice. Evidence exists that participation in an FLCcan change faculty practice,10 but a great deal more study is needed to fully understand how, towhat extent, and under what conditions FLCs support change, both short-term and sustained. It is our hypothesis that reflective work is essential for faculty professional development; Page 25.1087.2linking the knowledge faculty acquire through participation in an FLC with their teachingpractice. We contend the development of STEM

Conference Session

High School Students Thinking and Performance

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew D. Lammi, North Carolina State University; Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

looked up andslid back in their chairs, perhaps to signal to each other that they were ready to move forward. Braden: Okay. [pause, both looking down at the design scenario] It’s pretty uh… Eric: So, what do they want us to do? I don’t really get it. B: Basically, the problems is, uh… E: We have power outages B: Power outages. How can we stop that? That’s pretty broad. [Eric breathes a slight snigger in agreement] B: A pretty broad subject, um E: You got everything from just like just your house power or like power lines downed from trees. Lotsa’ crap. [Braden reaches for a pencil] B: How about we write down all the ways that we can think that your power would go out E

Conference Session

Advances in Communication Instruction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keri Lynn Wolfe, Pennsylvania State University; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Joanna K. Garner, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

provides a larger respective image than theaverage classroom on campus. Immediately after the presentation, the participants took an essay test. This essay testasked the students to describe the process of magnetic resonance imaging to detect canceroustumors in the human body. In essence, the essay test asked the participants to describe how themagnetic resonance imaging process works (the exact wording of this essay question can befound in Appendix B). Because this test provided no scaffolding details for the participants (asa multiple choice question would), the essay test revealed much about the audience’scomprehension of this complex concept. The essays were scored blindly using the rubric foundin Appendix C. In the scoring, specific

Conference Session

Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald G. Kander, Philadelphia University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

disciplinary perspectives 4. An ability to gather insights from people, their behaviors, and their cultural practices 5. An ability to evaluate the ways in which natural and man-made systems (technical, political, social, cultural, economic, etc.) shape, and are influenced by, new products, process and services 6. An ability to adapt behavior in response to continually changing professional challenges 7. An ability to integrate knowledge in new ways in order to find new opportunities and create new valueRecall that the 2012-2013 ABET Student Outcomes5 are: a. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering b. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c

Conference Session

Active Learning and Demonstrations in Materials Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Spencer Seung-Hyun Kim, Rochester Institute of Technology; Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology; Mario H. Castro-Cedeno, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials

curriculum utilized by the new instruction model and learning modules so thatstudents will be well prepared to step into jobs in green plastics manufacturing technology.The following table (Table 1) summarizes the course design for the improvement of thematerials curriculum according to the instructional model, curriculum design and strategiespresented in the previous sections.Also, the measurable outcomes of new curriculum model are developed to relate to some ofthe student outcomes in General Criterion 3 for the ABET; these ABET criteria are “a, b, d, e,f, g, h, i and j.” The assessment tools and student outcomes are presented to improve thelearning models in the proceeding sections. Table 1: Materials Curriculum Design

Conference Session

Techniques in Improving Mathematics Education in STEM Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ethan V. Munson, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Hossein Hosseini, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

groups for Math 231,and 20 students in the study groups for Math 232. As a result, we will ignore the results for theCollege Algebra and Trigonometry courses.Figure 1 presents the comparison between the Fall 2010 average course grade for students inMath 105, 116, 117, and 231 for two sets of students: one set is comprised of students whoparticipated in the study groups, and the second set is the remainder of the students who receiveda grade in the course. The grades are on a standard 4.0-scale (A = 4.0, A-= 3.67, B+ = 3.33 …D- = 0.67, F = 0). As can be seen in Fig. 1, the students in the study groups, on average,received higher grades than the students in the courses who did not participate in study groups.There is further elaboration of the

Collection

2012 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Olga Lepsky; Michael Werner

useful matches: the students and co-ops, groups of several roommates, etc.2.4 Numerical algorithms for solving nonlinear equationsWe cover three numerical algorithms for solving nonlinear equations: bisection, false position, and Newton’s [13].These methods can be applied to solve the equation y=f(x) on an interval [a, b], where f(x) is a continuous function,but with the following limitations: bisection and false position method require f(a) and f(b) to have opposite signs,2012 ASEE Northeast Section Conference University of Massachusetts LowellReviewed Paper April 27-28, 2012Newton’s method requires f to be smooth and the

Conference Session

Active and Project-based Learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John-David S. Yoder, Ohio Northern University; James P. Schmiedeler, University of Notre Dame; Michael Milo Stanisic, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

sensor. During the game,the rules of football are basically followed, with the exception of scoring changes enacted toencourage passing.The major challenges involved in design for this project are roughly as follows: a) Robustness – it is one thing to design a remote-controlled robot, but to make it robust enough to withstand multiple impacts and still function is a considerably more difficult task. b) Weight vs. Power – students must balance the desire for more powerful batteries and motors with the weight restriction. c) Teamwork – students must work together in designing the robots, as the rules for interface between robots are intentionally vague. d) Ball transfer – the ball must be “snapped” to the quarterback

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharad Vimal Oberoi, Carnegie Mellon University; Susan Finger, National Science Foundation

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

teams. These were subsequently taken over by the 2.a: Aggregated noun phrase counts by week 2.b: Distinct noun phrase counts by week Figure 2: Noun phrase counts using data only from the four main teamsediting sub-team so the final report and presentation’s vocabulary is not clear from the analysis.The maximum is again slightly smaller than the one for Week 12, thus confirming the trendtoward contraction as the project progressed.The distinct noun phrases are shown in Figure 2.b and closely correspond to the peaks for thetotal number of noun phrases in Figure 2.a. The local maxima are smaller for the distinct nounphrases since this graph discards the frequency of occurrence of the noun

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University; Micah Lande, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Presentation and Demonstration (T) • Final Team Binder (T) • Final Report (T) • CATME BARS Team Member Effectiveness Survey (I) Page 25.1051.167.2 Appendix B: Final Clients and Mission StatementsTable 13: Final Clients and Mission StatementsClient Mission Statements: To design…House rental company A product that automates the watering of plantsIC fab startup A semiconductor checking system that improves manufacturing line performanceTechnology startup A circuit that reads data from the CAN bus of a car and embeds it in a video streamAvid boater A product that measures, displays, and logs wind direction and velocity for a boatBowling coach/bowler

Conference Session

Outreach, Engagement, and Undergraduate Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karinna M. Vernaza, Gannon University; Mahesh C. Aggarwal, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

an active member of the ASME, serving as Chair to numerous groups. He served as Vice President for Region V (District B now) and is actively involved in pre-college programs. He has been ME Evaluator for ABET over the last 12 years. Page 25.1017.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Outreach Activities for Middle School Students: Project for Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate StudentsAbstractThe ASME Student Chapter, the SWE Student Chapter, the Mechanical Engineering faculty andstaff have hosted a “Mechanical Engineering Day” at Gannon University, Erie

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heath Tims, Louisiana Tech University; Galen E. Turner III, Louisiana Tech University; Eric Deemer Ph.D., Louisiana Tech University; Krystal S. Corbett, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

effects of the camp, while we wereinterested in examining patterns of vocational personality type to assess the accuracy with whichstudents were selected for participation in the camp. That is, certain vocational personality types wereexpected to be correlated with participants’ preferences for liberal arts versus science and technology.Holland’s RIASEC model [5] represents a theory of vocational personality which posits that individualschoose occupations on the basis of 6 interest types: (a) Realistic; (b) Investigative; (c) Artistic; (d)Social; (e) Enterprising; and (f) Conventional. Realistic types prefer working with objects (e.g., tools)and in outdoor settings, whereas Investigative types are described as intellectually curious and

Conference Session

Problem-based and Challenge-based Learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fatin Aliah Phang, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Syed Helmi Syed Hassan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Mimi H. Hassim, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

academic staff in implementing CPBL. To study students' perceptions, a phenomenological research design was carried outthrough non-participant observations, unstructured interviews and students’ written self-reflections which were collected at the end of every problem (there were four problems in thisclass). Students in the class were divided into nine groups (about four students in a group).During and after each problem, the students, selected based on convenient sampling, wereinterviewed on the following aspects: a) Students' perceptions in the conduct of CPBL by the lecturer b) Their experience and involvement during the CPBL learning process c) Their acceptance of the CPBL as a teaching method for the course During and after

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Gregerson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sean Franey, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

exams? A student who demonstrates asatisfactory level of mastery on an early exam – getting a B grade on the Fourier series section ofa Linear Systems exam for example – should not need to be retested on that material if thestudent is satisfied with that grade. We will assume that the student would be capable of gettingback to at least B-level performance on the final exam if given enough time to prepare.Therefore, it is a waste of that student’s resources to force them to take the exam. If, however,the student is not satisfied with the original grade, we should provide the final exam as anopportunity for the student to demonstrate improvement. These arguments are consistent withmany of the ideas present in mastery-based assessment [8]; indeed

Conference Session

Mechanics Concepts I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Burkhardt Ph.D., U.S. Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

EM211A placement is SGPA with a weighting score, B, of -1.775. This is notsurprising in that SGPA indicates how a student performs in the current academic setting. Thesame is true of Calculus 1 and Chemistry 1 grades with the next highest weightings of -1.356 and-0.420, respectively. In contrast the least important significant predictor, SAT Math, with aweighting factor of -0.021, is a trailing indicator. Student Regression Predictor B Sig. ETHNICITY -.026 .597 SATV .002 .089 SATM -.021 .000

Conference Session

Methods, Cases, and Directions

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph C. Hartman, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

’ of Engineering Economy,” Proceedings of the 2006 American Society forEngineering Education Conference, (CD-ROM), June, 2006.7. Hartman, J.C., “Using ‘Real World’ Problems in Engineering Economy,” Proceedings of the 2004American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, (CD-ROM), June, 2004.8. Peterson, W.R., R.E. Landaeta and B. Magary, “Is it Time for a New Paradigm?” Proceedings of the 2005American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference (CD-ROM), June, 2005.9. Voss, Pieter A., James M. Tien, Anil K. Goyal, “A Risk Analytic Approach to Learning EngineeringEconomy,” Proceedings of the 1996 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference (CD-ROM),June, 1996

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for the Global Workplace

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech; Nicole P. Sanderlin, Virginia Tech; Elizabeth M. Tront, Virginia Tech; Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

presented with the same essay question at the end ofthe semester. In the essay, the students were asked to address the following three questions: a)What skill set does one need to possess in order to be an effective (successful) engineer? b) Whatissues face an engineer who practices in a global context i.e., what is a global engineer? c) Howis the skill set of a global engineer different from someone who is not practicing so broadly? We hypothesized that students would have a more limited perspective in relation to thisquestion prior to the RSAP course. At the end of the course we anticipated that the studentswould be able to apply concepts and information learned during the semester to answer thisquestion in more detail. A rubric was

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and the Non-science College Student

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mariana Tafur, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

. Educating the engineer of 2020 adapting engineering education to the new century. 2005; http://site.ebrary.com/lib/librarytitles/Doc?id=10091305.18. Dix A, Ormerod T, Twidale M, Sas C, Gomes da Silva PA, McKnight L. Why dab ideas are a good idea. 2006.19. Abu-Khalaf AM. Improving Thinking Skills in the Unit Operations Laboratory. International Journal of Engineering Education. 2001;17(6):593-599.20. Chrysikou EG, Weisberg RW. Following the Wrong Footsteps: Fixation Effects of Pictorial Examples in a Design Problem-Solving Task. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition. 2005;31(5):1134-1148.21. Hatchuel A, Le Masson P, Weil B. Teaching innovative design reasoning: How concept– knowledge theory

Conference Session

Approaches to Teaching Ethics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College, Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

way or another it should engage the studentin the perennial questions of philosophy. There are many ways of achieving this goal. There is aneed to bring together relevant practice, and there is a need to experiment. In terms of theorganization of the curriculum and the need for mixed learning communities the need fordivergent visioning is great.Acknowledgements.I am deeply indebted to Dr Alec Martin who introduced me to the works of John Macmurraywhen he was the responsible official in the UK Employment Department for our project on theanalysis of jobs done by engineers. I am very grateful to Dr‟s Alan A. Cheville and Mani Mina,and Ms Sarah Heywood for their perceptive comments on the draft of this textNotes and references[1] Koen, B. V (2003

Conference Session

Capstone Design and Innovations in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard James Choquette, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Payam Matin, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Ali Eydgahi, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

that utilizes an open sourcesolution. In addition, this project includes the design and fabrication of a sleek, carbon fibercomposite body, which is used in construction of many modern unmanned vehicles. Thedevelopment of this vehicle utilizes the knowledge gained from many aspects of theundergraduate engineering degree while adding more capability to the open source unmannedsystem community. The project was performed by an undergraduate engineering student whowas mentored and supervised by two faculty members.2. DesignThe proposed platform is a 1/10th scale R/C Buggy that is sold as the Team Associated RC10 B-34as shown in Figure 1. The motor, electronic speed controller (ESC), and steering are allcommercial off the shelf (COTS) and are

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noel E. Bormann P.E., Gonzaga University; Mara London, Gonzaga University; Andrew Douglas Matsumoto, Gonzaga University; Melanie Ruth Walter; Spencer Joseph Fry

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

thesustainability of the project goals.7The components of this particular project are to: a) Develop a prototype of a simple ventilation system that improves indoor air quality by using thermoelectric (TE) cells, driven by waste heat from the cooking fire, to energize a 12-volt battery charging system and power a small fan in a duct. Energy produced that is not required for ventilation can be stored in a battery for lighting, charging a mobile phone, or other needs. b) Develop and test an improved ceramic filter geometry based on the Filtron filter. The improved filter requires less fuel per filter to fire the kiln, reduces production breakage, and simplifies shipping on local roadways. c) Examine the