Conference Session

Faculty Development Toolkit

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, U.S. Military Academy; Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

2006-1134: LOWMAN'S MODEL GOES TO THE MOVIESAllen Estes, U.S. Military Academy Colonel Allen C. Estes is a Professor and Civil Engineering Division Director at the United States Military Academy (USMA). He is a registered Professional Engineer in Virginia. COL Estes received a B.S. degree from USMA in 1978, M.S. degrees in Structural Engineering and in Construction Management from Stanford University in 1987 and a Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1997.Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy Colonel Ronald W. Welch is an Associate Professor at the United States Military Academy (USMA). He is a registered Professional Engineer in Virginia

Conference Session

Computed Simulation and Animation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Holden, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

2006-810: SIMULATION-CENTERED MECHATRONICSMichael Holden, San Francisco State University Page 11.1130.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Simulation-Centered MechatronicsIntroductionMechatronics is a multi-disciplinary topic that covers the intersection of electrical andmechanical design, including sensors and signal conditioning, control systems and actuatordevelopment. It is difficult to teach a well-balanced mechatronics class without favoring onediscipline over the others, since most instructors are part of an electrical or mechanicalengineering group. One technique for uniting the disciplines is numerical simulation of themechatronic system

Conference Session

International and Sustainability Perspectives and Women in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mike Murphy; Cecilia Chan, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

2006-2560: WOMEN, ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH - PROVIDING CHOICEAND BALANCE?Cecilia Chan, Dublin Institute of Technology Cecilia Chan has published a number of conference papers on Engineering Education in areas of retention, recruiting, motivation and support for non-traditional students such as international students, and female engineers to disseminate successful educational strategies. She is also committed to encourage more women into Engineering. She is also an active researcher in the areas of digital signal processing, machine vision, bio-metrics and medical imaging engineering.Michael Murphy, Dublin Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Schneider, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

An Undergraduate Research Experience in Engineering TechnologyAbstractTo initiate the development of an autonomous vehicle to participate in the Intelligent GroundVehicle Competition, a multidisciplinary undergraduate research course was established duringthe summer of 2005 within the Engineering Technology Department. This was the first time anundergraduate research component has been offered to students within the EngineeringTechnology Department at the University of Dayton. The course was conducted using anindependent study format with several team meetings to monitor individual student progress andto provide collaborative feedback to the students. The participants were expected to performactivities related to

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricardo Jacquez, New Mexico State University; Veera Gnaneswar Gude, New Mexico State University; Michele Auzenne, New Mexico State University; Chris Burnham, New Mexico State University; Adrian Hanson; Jeanne Garland, New Mexico State University

. Hanson, New Mexico State University Professor, Department of Civil Engieering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM.Jeanne Garland, New Mexico State University Special Projects Coordinator, New Mexico Alliance for Minority Participation, College of Engineering, New Mexico State Universtiy, Las Cruces, NM. Page 11.796.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Integrating Writing to Provide Context for Teaching the Engineering Design ProcessIntroduction“Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering” is a junior course taught in the Civil Engineeringdepartment at New

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum & non-Technical Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hata, Portland Community College; Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-1792: CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY: TWOCASE STUDIESDavid Hata, Portland Community College David M. Hata retired from full-time teaching at Portland Community College (PCC) in Oregon after 32 years. During his tenure at PCC, he taught in the Electronic Engineering Technology Program from 1971 to 1993 and the Microelectronics Technology Program from 1993 to 2003. He also helped design and implement PCC's Computer Software Engineering Technology and Computer Field Service associate of applied science programs. Professionally, Mr. Hata is a member of IEEE, ASEE, and AVS. He has served as a TAC of ABET program evaluator and on the IEEE Committee for Technology Accreditation

Conference Session

Preparing Engr Students for International Practice

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bethany Jones

Tagged Divisions

International

international exposure as part of their preparation forprofessional practice has become firmly enough established that there is now a track record ofinnovative programs from which to derive best practices and models for program enhancement.This paper suggests that the international experience, if carefully shaped, can be made tocounterbalance the most prominent limitations and misconceptions of students stemming fromtheir original culture and social backgrounds. There is no one global model of internationalexperience that serves the best interests of all students and the profession: in fact engineeringeducators would do well to think as carefully about the social and intellectual needs of theirstudents as they do about the development of their

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Industrial Technology

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Summers, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-692: THE IET IN SERVICE INDUSTRIESDonna Summers, University of Dayton Donna C.S. Summers, Ph.D. is a professor of Industrial Engineering Technology at the University of Dayton. Her major areas of concentration are Quality Assurance and Human Factors. She has published two texts: Quality and Quality Management, both by Prentice Hall. She holds a BSME from University of Cincinnati and an MSIE from Purdue University. She obtained her Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from the University of Cincinnati. Page 11.1299.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 The IET

Conference Session

Programs for High School Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mativo, Ohio Northern University; Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

2006-2505: SUMMER HONORS INSTITUTE FOR THE GIFTEDArif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University Arif Sirinterlikci is currently an Associate Professor of Manufacturing Engineering at Robert Morris University. He has also served on the faculty of Texas Tech and Ohio Northern Universities. He holds BS and MS degrees, both in Mechanical Engineering from Istanbul Technical University in Turkey, and a Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineering from the Ohio State University. His interests lie in various fields of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering.John Mativo, Ohio Northern University John Mativo is currently an Associate Professor of Technology at Ohio Northern

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexa Rihana-Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-2544: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,CHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGYAlexa Rihana-Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy The Author has written a number of articles published in the ASEE Annual Conference proceedings over the years. The Author teaches at the University of Detroit Mercy in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Page 11.285.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Bridging the Gap between Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, and BiologyAbstractRecognizing the intellectual merit of interdisciplinary studies to

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Harris, Vanderbilt University; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; Robert Linsenmeier, Northwestern University; Alene Harris, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

2006-1384: METHODS FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF EDUCATIONALREFORM IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGThomas Harris, Vanderbilt University Thomas R. Harris is the Orrin Henry Ingram Distinguished Professor of Engineering and Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Medicine at Vanderbilt University. He is currently Chair of the Department of Biomedical Engineering. He received B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University and the Ph.D. degree from Tulane University in that field. He holds an M.D. degree from Vanderbilt University. His current interests focus on the development of learning science and learning technology for bioengineering. He is currently

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Bonventre, HST Division, Harvard and MIT; Heather Gunter, Harvard University; Sarah Henrickson, Harvard University

exercise is assignedprior to the lecture and presents basic concepts including hydrostatic and oncotic pressure.Student performance and feedback collected during this exercise informs the lecture content andthus tailors it to the learners. A novel Java simulation of glomerular filtration that permitsmanipulation of independent variables while displaying the dependent variables is projectedduring the lecture. It expands the range of examples that are presented by the lecturer andfacilitates interaction between students and the lecturer. Feedback from students and faculty waspositive, and has led to improvements in the module implementation.Knowledge based outcomes demonstrate that students taught using the module have improvedmastery of the three

Conference Session

IP and Supporting Student Startups

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Moore, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; David Shepard, Engenius Solutions

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

constraints and meeting course objectives, these classes tend to offer either structuredprojects or surface level introduction to product development and especially new productdevelopment. The projects developed, in Engenius Solutions Lab, are not structured and requirea level of commitment not generally required in the student inventor’s classes.Over the past five years, Engenius Solutions has worked with over 20 different projects whichspan the various engineering disciplines and product lines. The Board of Directors and staff haveaccumulated a reservoir of knowledge in assisting students with product development. Thispaper is a reflection on the successes, failures and next steps for Engenius Solutions, a grantfunded, student run, product

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jana Whittington, Purdue University-Calumet; Kim Nankivell, Purdue University-Calumet; Joy Colwell, Purdue University-Calumet; James Higley, Purdue University-Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

in the areas of current technology. Technology changes rapidly in theComputer Graphics field and the faculty find themselves continually updating and changing theircourses to keep step with current changes in the technology, both in hardware and software.Course consistency in the form of learning objectives and outcomes is an important assessmentmeasure. Many problems can arise in assessment while keeping up with the technology, to thepoint where some assessment measures may become obsolete. In response to that, this paper willexplore a number of questions that deal with the issue of rapidly changing technology within thelearning environment. This paper will explore teaching and learning styles, technology issuesand how to develop a base for

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simeon Komisar, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Lupita Montoya, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-2388: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DESIGN THROUGHENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PROJECTSLupita Montoya, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute LUPITA D. MONTOYA is an Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rensselaer. Her research interests include method development, indoor air quality, bioaerosols and health effects of aerosols. Her teaching interests include Engineering Design, Air Quality Management and Air Pollution Aerosols. She may be reached via e-mail at lmontoya@rpi.edu.Simeon Komisar, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute SIMEON KOMISAR is a Clinical Associate Professor and Undergraduate Program Director of Environmental

Conference Session

FPD3 -- Professional Issues for First-Year Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Simmons, University of Queensland; Elise Barrella, Bucknell University; Keith Buffinton, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

2006-178: PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION BEST PRACTICESTUDY FOR FIRST-YEAR, MULTI-DISCIPLINARY COURSESElise Barrella, Bucknell University ELISE M. BARRELLA is a senior Civil and Environmental Engineering major at Bucknell University. Upon acceptance to Bucknell, she was selected to be a Presidential Fellow, which provided a stipend to support her research on this project. The best study practice was conducted at The University of Queensland, Australia while Elise was studying abroad for the Spring 2005 semester. In addition to her fellowship research, Elise is vice president of programming for Bucknell's student chapter of ASCE, a member of Delta Gamma sorority, and a teaching

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Hayes, Dublin Institute of Technology; Robert Herrick, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

devotedto the development of collaborations between academic institutions across the continent atundergraduate, post graduate and at research levels. It is hoped to bring the resultingaccumulated experience to bear on the building of this collaboration between the United Statesand Europe.European international exchange programs in engineering and technology have been stronglysupported through organizations such as Erasmus, Socrates, and Leonardo1 to encouragemobility within Europe. The United States does not have a corresponding government programthat generously supports such interchange. The U.S. Senate declaration of 2006 as the “Year ofStudy Abroad” combined with the U.S. Senate’s Lincoln Report2 that recommends that1,000,000 U.S. students need

Conference Session

International and Sustainability Perspectives and Women in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alicia Abadie, Louisiana State University; Ann Christy, Ohio State University; Marybeth Lima, Louisiana State University-Baton Rouge

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

2006-885: LONGITUDINAL SURVEY OF FEMALE FACULTY IN BIOLOGICAL& AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADAAlicia Abadie, Louisiana State University Alicia is a senior in Biological Engineering at LSU. She is a section leader in the LSU Band, where she plays clarinet. Alicia is a successful undergraduate student researcher and has co-authored three successful research proposals, including one to the Environmental Protection Agency.Ann Christy, Ohio State University Ann is an associate professor in food, agricultural, and biological engineering and a registered professional engineer (civil). She has been at The Ohio State University for ten years.Marybeth Lima, Louisiana State

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Everett, University of Texas-El Paso; Elsa Villa, University of Texas-El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

2006-177: ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF MULTI-INTELLIGENCE METHODSUSED IN DYNAMICSLouis Everett, University of Texas-El Paso Louis J. Everett is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas El Paso. Dr. Everett is a licensed professional engineer in the state of Texas and has educational research interests in the use of technology in the classroom. His technical research interests include robotics, machine design, dynamics and control systems. leverett@utep.edu http://research.utep.edu/pacelabElsa Villa, University of Texas-El Paso Elsa Villa is a lecturer in the Department of Teacher Education, Division of Mathematics, Science and Technology, at the University of Texas

Conference Session

FPD3 -- Professional Issues for First-Year Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sven Bilen, Pennsylvania State University; Beverly Jaeger, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

2006-911: THE ONE-MINUTE ENGINEER: GETTING DESIGN CLASS OUT OFTHE STARTING BLOCKSBeverly Jaeger, Northeastern University BEVERLY K.JAEGER is a member of Northeastern University’s Gateway Team. The focus of this team is on providing a consistent, comprehensive, and constructive educational experience in engineering that endorses the student-centered and professionally-oriented mission of Northeastern University. She teaches Engineering Design and Engineering Problem Solving to first-year engineering students and has served as a coordinator for multiple sections of these courses as well.Sven Bilen, Pennsylvania State University SVEN G. BILÉN is an Associate Professor of Engineering

Conference Session

Installing & Assessing Technology Literacy Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University; John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

pleaded over the lastdecade that technological literacy is a topic which engineering faculty ought to providefor non-technical majors. We explore here the notion that design faculty are wellqualified, perhaps uniquely so, to teach such courses for non-technical majors, i.e., torepresent engineering and technology to the non-technical campus population. Engineering design instruction is universally present on the more than 300campuses hosting an engineering school. Since each engineering department has at leastone design instructor, in excess of 1,000 faculty are identified from which to recruitfuture technology literacy instructors. We propose this novel activity as a logicalcomponent of design instruction. Further, such novel

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University; John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

pleaded over the lastdecade that technological literacy is a topic which engineering faculty ought to providefor non-technical majors. We explore here the notion that design faculty are wellqualified, perhaps uniquely so, to teach such courses for non-technical majors, i.e., torepresent engineering and technology to the non-technical campus population. Engineering design instruction is universally present on the more than 300campuses hosting an engineering school. Since each engineering department has at leastone design instructor, in excess of 1,000 faculty are identified from which to recruitfuture technology literacy instructors. We propose this novel activity as a logicalcomponent of design instruction. Further, such novel

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

2006-979: REASONABLE EXPECTATIONS: UNDERSTANDING THE LIMITEDPOWER OF TITLE IX TO TRANSFORM STEM EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMSCatherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame Catherine Pieronek, J.D., is Assistant Director of Academic Programs and Director of the Women’s Engineering Program at the University of Notre Dame College of Engineering. She has worked as a senior systems engineer on NASA spacecraft projects at TRW Space & Defense Sector, and as Director of External Relations for the Notre Dame Law School. She serves as a faculty advisor and editorial referee for the Journal of College of University Law, a student-edited legal journal published by the Notre Dame Law School and the National

Conference Session

Outreach and Recruitment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

2006-532: RECRUITING UNDER-REPRESENTED MINORITIES TOENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYStephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina-Charlotte Stephen Kuyath is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Technology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He has taught engineering technology courses at the college level for over 22 years. He has a strong interest in and dedication to improving both traditional and distance engineering education and to encouraging those students typically underrepresented in STEM fields to consider engineering technology as a career.Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina-Charlotte Deborah Sharer is an Assistant Professor in the Engineering

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi-hsiang Chang, Purdue University; Craig Miller, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

2006-2495: USING COMPUTER SIMULATION TO TEACH UNDERGRADUATEENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS ERGONOMICSYi-hsiang Chang, Purdue UniversityCraig Miller, Purdue University Page 11.1379.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 USING COMPUTER SIMULATION TO TEACH UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS ERGONOMICS Yi-hsiang Chang and Craig L. Miller Department of Computer Graphics Technology Purdue UniversityAbstractIn this article, we are presenting a senior level course module on ergonomics that was developedat Purdue University

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, Texas Tech University; Peter Orono, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2006-2277: DEVELOPING AN ASSESSMENT REGIME FOR PAN-MENTORINGIN CREATIVE ENGINEERING DESIGNStephen Ekwaro-Osire, Texas Tech University Stephen Ekwaro-Osire is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Texas Tech University (TTU). He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree from F.H. Osnabrück (Germany) and both MSME and PhD from TTU. In addition to pedagogical issues related to engineering, his research interests include design, MEMS, probabilistic techniques, bioengineering, and vibration. Dr. Ekwaro-Osire is a member of ASME, ASEE, SDPS, and SEM.Peter Orono, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Peter O. Orono received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Wayne State University

Conference Session

Design in the BME Curriculum and ABET Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renee Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

2006-2385: VERTICAL MENTORING: CLOSING THE LOOP IN DESIGNGlen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology GLEN A. LIVESAY is an Associate Professor of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on biomechanics, capstone design, experimental design and statistics and data analysis, and experimental biomechanical testing of soft tissues.Renee Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology RENEE D. ROGGE is an Assistant Professor of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering. Her teaching interests include orthopaedic and sports biomechanics, biomaterials, capstone design, and introductory level mechanics courses

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Haws, Boise State University

thepatterns of faculty search and selection. While he doesn’t deny the contribution of systematicbias, he feels it more cogent to believe that women may generally lack an innate proclivitywithin the underrepresented disciplines (his “biology” thesis). Alternately, women may lack thedesire and/or a gender role consistent with clocking 80-hour workweeks, behind an appropriatelymementoed desk, over the requisite span of decades needed to produce the kind of academictrack record naturally sought in new hires (what he calls the “high-powered job” thesis).Since the institutions being considered are looking for faculty among the extreme outliers withinthe considered disciplines (Summers suggests something on the order of 3½ to 4 StandardDeviations), you

Conference Session

Program Delivery Methods and Real World Concepts

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

2006-146: MODERNIZING TEACHING METHODS IN THE CLASSROOM – DOESIT IMPACT STUDENT PERFORMANCE?Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology Kate Abel serves as the Program Director for the Bachelor of Engineering in Engineering Management Program in the Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology. She holds a Ph.D. in Technology Management and Applied Psychology. She teaches courses in Total Quality Management, Engineering Economy, Entrepreneurial Analysis of Engineering Design, Statistics for Engineering Managers, Engineering Management and Senior Design. Her research areas include knowledge engineering, as well as, knowledge and information management

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harry Franz, University of Houston-Downtown

2006-365: NATIONAL FIRE ALARM CODE STUDIES DEVELOPMENTHarry Franz, University of Houston-Downtown Page 11.951.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Development of National Fire Alarm Code StudiesAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of a unique Fire Alarm Code class.The newly developing class is formally named National Fire Alarm Code Studies and is part ofthe four-year Safety and Fire Engineering Technology program at the University of HoustonDowntown in Houston, Texas.Development of the fire alarm code studies includes the knowledge and application of thenational fire alarm code, NFPA 72. Included in the studies class are many