Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Rachel Murdell; Piper James; Gary Kinzel; Blaine Lilly; Anthony Luscher

to begin tofirm up the geometry of all the components.System-Level Design will be discussed in more detail.Slide on System Level DesignDefinition from: Product Design and Development, K. Ulrich, S. Eppinger, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 19951The idea of system-level design is to break down the product into its systems and then to further break down each systeminto subsystems. By doing this, a designer can see the intentional and incidental interactions that will take place.System Level Design also deals with the modularity of a design. More integrated products generally have more expensivecomponents, but assembly is often less costly

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven de Haas; S.K. Ramesh; Preetham Kumar; Michael Fujita; Elizabeth Raley; Andrew Lindsay

Session 2793 An Interactive Workshop for High School Teachers to Develop and Teach Pre-Engineering Curricula S. K. Ramesh*, Michael J. Fujita, Preetham Kumar*, Andrew Lindsay, Steven de Haas*, Elizabeth-Gillis Raley *California State University Sacramento / Defense Microelectronics Activity/ Parallax Inc., / Sacramento Engineering and Technology Regional ConsortiumAbstractThe College of Engineering and Computer Science at California State University, Sacramentohas organized and conducted free interactive workshops for high school

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Kevin Taylor; Emilia Mironovova

their project between PUK andJaveriana University students that “extension campus students are generally older and lessaffluent than those on the main campus and thus less likely to have international experience.Many graduates of this Purdue campus, however, immediately go to work for Daimler-Chrysleror Delphi Delco Electronics, both international corporations that have expanded theirinternational scope through mergers.” 3 Many of the EET graduates have never traveled outsideof North America, so it is imperative that they develop the skills necessary to survive in globalcorporations. This point was emphasized in the mid-1990’s when the CEO of Delco Electronics,challenged the PUK faculty to internationalize the curricula.The MtF students

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Frederick Reardon

notes duringclass.ConclusionsThe Internet is a helpful tool in teaching a complex subject such as thermodynamics. Thestudents have the course objectives, schedule, key notes, homework assignments, and sampleproblem solutions available to them in the same format as they were presented in class. Thestudents have responded well to this use of the Internet. They say that it is very helpful inhelping them to learn what is generally acknowledged to be a difficult subject.Bibliography1. Wallace, D.R., & Weiner, S. T. How Might Classroom Time Be Used Given WWW-BasedLectures? Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 87, No. 3 (July 1998).2. Kadiyala, M. & Crynes, B. L. A Review of Literature on Effectiveness of Use of InformationTechnology in

Conference Session

Aerospace First-Year Project-Based Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alok K. Verma, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

of Chief State Offices, 2005, vol. 10 issue 3. 4. T. Boe, The next step for educators and the technology industry: Investing in teachers. Educational Technology, 1989, 29(3), 39-44. 5. Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm 6. C. Czerniak, .& M. Schriver, An examination of preservice science teachers' beliefs and behaviors as related to self-efficacy. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 1994, Volume 5, Number 3, 77-86. 7. N. Fisher, K. Gerdes., T. Logue, L. Smith & I Zimmerman, Improving students' knowledge and attitudes of science through use of hands-on activities. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 436 352).1998 8. J. Harvey, & S. Purnell, S

Conference Session

Robot Mania!

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elisabeth W. McGrath, Stevens Institute of Technology; Susan Lowes, Institute for Learning Technologies, Teachers College/Columbia University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chao-Chia Cheng, National Central University; Lee king-lien, Department of Electro-Optic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 542, R.O.C.; Chih-Hsiung Ku, National Dong Hwa University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

no. NSC97-2511-S-008 -009 -MY3.Bibliography1. E. Malacara, Geometrical and Instrumental Optics, (Methods in Exp. Phys., Academic Press, 1988) Vol. 25.2. S.H. Lu, S.P. Pan, T.S. Liu, and C.F. Kao, “Liquid refractometer based on immersion diffractometry”, Opt. Express 15, 9470-9475(2007)3. S.F.O. Silva, O. Frazao, P.Caldas, J.L. Santos, F.M. Araujo, and L.A. Ferreira, “Optical fiber refractometer based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer”, Opt. Eng. 47, 054403(2008)4. A.F. Leung, J.J. Vandiver, “Automatic refractometer”, Opt. Eng 42, 1128-1131(2003)5. S.G. Kaplan, J.H. Burnet, “Optical properties of fluids for 248 and 193 nm immersion photolithography”, Appl. Opt. 45, 1721-1724(2006)6. L.W. Tilton, Standard

Conference Session

Communication: From Pecha Kucha to Bullets

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Richard A. Coffman, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

students had four weeks to address the reviewers’ comments. The papers were then peer-reviewed by the same group who provided the first review. After this second peer-review, thepapers were returned to the authors. The authors addressed the final comments and the articlewas submitted to a journal.The Project – PresentationsPresentations were scheduled for the last two weeks of the semester. The class met three timesper week for 50 minutes per lecture. Based on the number of papers, each author(s) had 20minutes for their presentation and five minutes for questions. Each presentation was critiquedonly by the instructor.ConclusionsPaperNone of the papers were accepted. The reasons for the rejections were related to “little or nocontribution to the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia C. Pendley, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joseph Homer Saleh, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

invitecomments and contributions from the readers, and we hope that the editor(s) of this journal willencourage the publications of comments and exchanges on this subject. The purpose of theseexchanges would be to bring a collective educational wisdom to bear on the development andrefinement of a course on accident causation and system safety, a course that can be taughtbroadly in all engineering schools.4.1 Anatomy of accidents: case studiesBefore discussing concepts and abstractions in accident causation and system safety, it isimportant to motivate and ground the course in case studies of actual accidents. We believe theuse of case studies is particularly important for this course in general, and for the introduction tothis course in particular. The

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University; Lawrence O Kehinde P.E., Texas Southern University; Yuhong Zhang, Texas Southern University; Shahryar Darayan, Texas Southern University; David O. Olowokere, Texas Southern University; Daniel Osakue, Texas Southern University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

iLab, and felt the lab had made themthink about and understand some things they would not have been able to from just lectures ortextbooks. This activity successfully helped us to understand the requirement for the VR-Lab.Acknowledgement and DisclaimerThis work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers DUE-0942778, EEC-0935008, and HRD-0928921.Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Bibliography 1. I. E. Allen and J. Seaman, “Learning on demand: Online education in the United States, 2009”. Technical report, The Sloan Consortium. Retrieved May 1, 2010

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morgan M Hynes, Tufts University; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic; Chris Rogers, Tufts University; Megan Kiely Mueller, Tufts University; Xaver Neumeyer, Northwestern University; Richard M. Lerner, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

graduation andemployment, and lower levels of “bad” outcomes, such as incarceration) than do the “hard skills”assessed by conventional mental ability tests1,2,3,4,6,10,11. Based on these findings, we hypothesizethat such life skills may be an important (albeit still largely unrecognized and unmeasured)“moderator variable” for college student engineering achievement. A moderator variable inbehavioral science is a construct that changes the relation between two other variables, and itmay be that soft skills have such a moderating influence between student “hard skills” andengineering achievement. We hypothesize further that possession of the “soft” skill abilities toselect (S) appropriate (realistic, feasible) goals for ones’ engineering tasks; to

Conference Session

Research in Engineering Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nicola Wendy Sochacka, University of Georgia; Nadia N. Kellam, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

that emerges from these complex interactions it becameapparent that the „object‟ of our research interest was neither “out there” [19, p. 37] to beobserved in a materialistic sense, nor was it is it solely „in the individual‟s head‟. Rather, itextended beyond the individual, in that it was constituted through, and emerged from, the sharedlived experience ["Lebenswelt" in: 20] of groups of individuals [21]. Put another way, this meantthat the reality we were interested in investigating was socially constructed [22-24], by theparticipants and the researcher [1] in the data gathering situation. Illustration: To clarify this point, this illustration considers an example from the above-described study that is concerned with

Conference Session

Global and Cultural Issues in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daphene C. Koch Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Construction

scholarly work or build new projects. Students, faculty,and community partners can continue to find ways to fund projects with grants aimed at makingthese connections and continuing the solutions to solve grand challenges and problems facinghumankind. A major goal of the College of Technology and Building Construction Managementdepartment is to continue to create opportunities for synergy and collaboration and instill thesense of lifelong learning. References1. Batchelder, T. H., & Root, S. (1994). Effects of an undergraduate program to integrate academic learning andservice: cognitive, prosocial cognitive, and identify outcomes (Unpublished master's thesis). Alma College.Retrieved December 17

Conference Session

Instrumentation Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lash B. Mapa, Purdue University, Calumet; Avanish Reddy Vancha, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

inlet and outlet as products enter and leave the oven, surface losses from theexterior of the oven and heat absorbed by the conveyor and the product. In re-designing suchovens to minimize heat losses it is important to identify which factor/s contributes to energylosses. The process variables which have been considered as factors and taken into considerationin DOE are the design of curtains that helps to minimize heat losses at the entry and exit ports,the speed of the conveyor belt, the speed of the blower that introduces hot air into the ovenchamber and the insulation material around the oven. In this paper 2k factorial design is used toanalyze the data to identify main effects and the interaction effects of the factors that wereinvestigated

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Osakue, Texas Southern University; Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University; Chenyu Wang, Texas Southern University; Osman Ahmed

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, Honolulu, HI, March, 2010. 3. D. Hercog, B. Gergic, S. Uran, K. Jezernik, “ A DSP-Based Remote Control Laboratory,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.54, no.6, pp.3057 -3068, Dec. 2007. 4. S. Gallardo, F. Barrero, S.L. Toral, M. J. Duran “ eDSPlab: A remote -accessed instrumentation laboratory for digital signal processors training based on the Internet,” 32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2006, pp. 4656-4661, 6 -10 Nov. 2006. 5. C. Olmi, B. Cao, X. Chen and G. Song, "A Unified Framework for Remote Laboratory Experiments," in Proceedings of 2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 26 - 29, 2011. 6. C. Omli, X. Chen, and G. Song, "A

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ying Tang, Rowan University; Sachin Shetty, Tennessee State University; Xiufang Chen, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

process. Fig. 1: The introductory scene of Mystery of Traffic Lights Fig. 2: The road map is enabled in the gameProblem solving demands problem solvers to be constructively responsive, thoughtful, andengaged. The more students are aware of their constructive thinking processes, the more they cancontrol, and the better they can solve the problem. To facilitate students’ self-monitoring andself-regulating their problem-solving in the game, the What I Know-What I Want to Know-What I Have Learned (KWL) reading strategy [6] is adapted to provide students a virtualnotebook called KWS, where S stands for What I Have Solved. Through KWS, students can

Conference Session

Understanding Our Students II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammed E. Haque P.E., Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

modelProbabilistic neural networks (PNNs) was first proposed by Specht13 in the early 90’s, to fulfiltheir predominant role as classifiers. By implementing a statistical algorithm called kerneldiscriminant analysis, PNNs are capable of mapping input patterns to any number ofclassifications. The basis of the algorithm divides operations into a multilayered feed forwardneural network with four layers, (1) Input Layer, (2) Pattern Layer, (3) Summation Layer, and(4) Output Layer. Figure 1 shows a typical PNN architecture. In the model, the input layer Page 25.498.3distributes data to “neurons” in the pattern layer, and the neuron of the pattern layer computes

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehdi Shadaram, University of Texas, San Antonio; Thomas B. Morrow, University of Texas, San Antonio; C. Mauli Agrawal, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Practices Conference, Austin, TX February 2009.2. M. Shadaram, T. Morrow, and M. Agrawal, “Just in Time Math Project,” First Annual Meeting National Engineering Mathematics Consortium, Austin, TX, June 2009.3. M. Shadaram, “A Repeatable and Reproducible Approach for Improving Retention and Graduation Rates of Underrepresented Minorities and Women in EE,” TETC Best Practices Conference, Dallas, TX, February 2008.4. J. M. Tenor, S. L. Yu, C. L. Waight, K. S. Zerda, and T. L. Sha, “The Relations of Ethnicity to Female Engineering Students' Educational Experiences and College and Career Plans in an Ethnically Diverse Learning Environment,” Journal of Engineering Education, October 2008.5. C. H. Conliffe, “Formula for Action: ME3=Minority

Conference Session

Technology in Mechanics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franco Capaldi, Merrimack College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

 Classroom Learning," Assessment in Education, vol. 5, no.  1, pp. 7‐73, 1998.  [2]   J. Kolodner, "Educational Implications of Analogy: A View from Case‐Based Reasoning," American  Psychologist, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1‐10, 1997.  [3]   J. Dannenhoffer and J. Dannenhoffer, "Development of an on‐line system to help students  successfully solve statics problems," in American Society for Engineering Education, 2009.  [4]   DeVore, Statics Tutor, New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall, 2000.  [5]   J. Iano, Shaping Structures: Statics, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.  [6]   ISDC, "BEST Statics," [Online]. Available: web.umr.edu/~bestmech/preview.html. [7]   E. Anderson, R. Taraban and S. Roberstson, "M‐Model: A Mental Model based Online Homework

Conference Session

ChemE Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey R. Seay, University of Kentucky; David L. Silverstein, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

m based and d biobased liiquid fuels After A the disccussion of thhermodynam mic cycles, ann overview oof the characcteristics ofvarious fuels f is preseented, along with the pro os and cons oof their use aas transportaation fuels.Petroleumm based fuells like petrolleum diesel, gasoline andd methanol aand renewabble fuels likeebiodiesell, biobutanoll, ethanol and d Fischer-Trropsch fuels are coveredd. Following thee discussion of engines and a fuels, ann overview oof the lifecyccles of biobaasedand petrooleum based fuels are preesented, as shown s in Figgure 1, alongg with the soolar basis forrliquid

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering: Curricula and Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy M. Hodges P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Elizabeth White Baker, Wake Forest University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2012-4238: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH: DOES IT PROMOTEGRADUATE EDUCATION? CREATING FUTURE GRADUATE STUDENTSIN ENGINEERINGDr. Timothy M. Hodges P.E., Virginia Military Institute Timothy M. Hodges is a professor of mechanical engineering and Charles S. Luck, Jr., ’20, Institute Professor.Dr. Elizabeth White Baker, Wake Forest University Page 25.1391.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012Undergraduate Research: Does it promote graduate education? Creatingfuture graduate students in engineering.AbstractThe Undergrad Only Colleges Mechanical Engineering Department would like to

Conference Session

Innovations in Materials Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Surendra K. Gupta, Rochester Institute of Technology; Steven John Kosciol, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials

, JaredDodge, Bradley Ling, and Markus Holzenkamp in conducting the torsion tests during thepreparation of this manuscript.References1. S. K. Gupta and S. Kosciol, Measuring Angle of Twist in a Torsion Experiment, Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference in Vancouver, BC (June 2011). AC 2011-77.2. Plaincode Software Solutions, Clinometer on iPhone / iPod Touch, accessed on March 8, 2012. HTML.3. STMicroelectronics, Datasheet on LIS302DL 3-axis MEMS Motion Sensor, accessed on March 8, 2012. PDF. Page 25.1416.8

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nader Rafla, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

develop and implement meaningful DSP systems. This course represents a goodexample for integrating the knowledge gained in two major areas of electrical engineering,digital signal processing and digital hardware design.References [1] S L Wood and S C Kemnitzer, “First Year DSP Education in the Context of ECE Curriculum Reform,” in Proc. IEEE 13th DSP and 5th SPE Workshop, Marco Island, FL, 4-7 Jan 2009, pp. 425 - 429. [2] “MATLAB/SIMULINK” version 7. (R2008b). Natick, Massachusetts, The MathWorks Inc., 2008. [3] “ISE Design Suite and System Generator,” Version 11.1, Xilinx Inc., 2009. [4] “QuestaSim Reference Manual,” Version 6.3C, Mentor Graphics Corporation, 2009. [5] Keshab K. Parhi, “VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems

Conference Session

Technology in Mechanics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean Moseley, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Shannon M. Sexton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

investigationsare planned to determine if the audio commentary (as compared to written parentheticalcomments) adds significantly to the student benefit. Finally, detailed studies of the extra timerequired to develop annotated video solutions are planned to help understand the cost/benefitratio of developing this resource for students. Page 25.1491.7References[1] Steif, P. S., and Dantzler, J. A. (2005). “A Statics Concept Inventory: Development and Psychometric Analysis.” Journal of Engineering Education 94 (4): 363-71.[2] Steif, P. S., and Hansen, M. (2006). “Comparisons Between Performances in a Statics Concept Inventory and Course

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yogendra M. Panta, Youngstown State University; Hyun W. Kim, Youngstown State University; Param C Adhikari, Youngstown State University; Sanket Aryal, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

, (V)Action/Solution:Above equations (V) and (II) are used to calculate the outlet velocity and the volumetric flowrate. Following Table 2 shows the results and the comparative study of analytical vs. CFDsimulations for velocity and flow rate.Table 2 Comparative Results: Analytical vs. CFD for fluid flow in nozzle 2D Comparative results Simulation simulation Nozzle Dia. Volumetric Flow Outlet Velocity (m/s) % Error Model D = 75 mm (m3/s) d = 25 mm Pressure

Conference Session

Teaching Materials Science Using Innovative Methods

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Johnson P.E., Central Washington University; Charles O. Pringle, Central Washington University; Nathan Davis EIT, Central Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

                            Page 23.892.7Appendix B Survey Assessing ‘Student Experience’ Student assessment instrument regarding ‘Student Experience’YOUR NAME:_________________________________________________________________________IN THE LAST TWO YEARS, HAVE YOU DONE AN ENGINEERING INTERNSHIP? If so, please provide name(s):__________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________IN THE LAST TWO YEARS, HAVE YOU HAD AN ENGINEERING JOB/POSITION? If so, please provide name(s):__________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________IN THE LAST TWO YEARS, HAVE YOU PARTICIPATED IN A DESIGN EVENT? This includes ASME RC

Conference Session

Software Engineering Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

A. Frank Ackerman, Montana Tech of the University of Montana; Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

advance data mining tools for performance improve- ment. With i2 Technologies, he worked on i2’s Data Mining product ”Knowledge Discover Framework” and at CEERD (Thailand), he was the Product Manager of three energy software products (MEDEE- S/ENV, EFOM/ENV and DBA-VOID), which are in use in 26 Asian and seven European countries by both governmental and non-governmental organizations. Acharya has a M.Eng. in computer technology and a D.Eng. in computer science and information management with a concentration in knowledge dis- covery, both from the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand. His teaching involvement and research interests are in the areas of software engineering and development (verification and

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Lloyd Feldmann; Robert Hofinger

instructor.Observations and conversations that we have had through the years with adult students willdemonstrate the influence that the adult student can have. Page 6.1033.1 “Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2001, American Society for Engineering Education”IntroductionThe difference between the returning adult (RA) and the recent high school graduate (RHS) can beillustrated by use of the stimulus-response (S-R) formula1. The S-R formula is most effective whenapplied to simple tasks or to situations in which there is little additional input to the stimulus

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

James Rehg

– James Rehg received a B. S. and an M. S. in Electrical Engineering from St. Louis Universityand has completed additional graduate work at the University of South Carolina and Clemson University. SinceAugust 1995, Jim has been working as an assistant professor of engineering and as Program Coordinator of the B. S.degree program in Electro-mechanical Engineering Technology at Penn State Altoona. He is the author of five texts,including the following books published by Prentice Hall: Introduction to Robotics in CIM Systems 4th ed. andComputer Integrated Manufacturing 2nd ed. Page 6.898.6 “Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Yaw Owusu

toattend graduate school. Each outcome must have similar educational qualitycharacteristics (standards) either into the workforce or into graduate school. Page 6.924.3 Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2001, American Society for Engineering Education EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum Development Development DevelopmentINPUTS:Parents P S Teachers ELEMEN