Conference Session

New Teaching Pedagogies: Methods and Assessments

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin W. Caldwell, LeTourneau University; Colleen M. Halupa, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics

longer enough to ensure success of the majority ofstudents in the educational environment today. Professors must evaluate techniques and methodsthat can assist in meeting the multiple learning styles of the students in their classes. For thestudent, transformation includes reflection, practice, and creating personal relevancy andmeaning in the learning process. This is the framework of this pilot study on an onlineEngineering Statics class.Literature ReviewOnline courses were created and deployed in numerous fields throughout the 1990s and 2000s.Online engineering courses lagged behind because of the difficulty of converting face-to-facemathematics and science courses to an online format.1 The technology was not advanced enoughto deploy these

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole Elise Esposito, Halliburton Energy Services; Vimal Viswanathan, Tuskegee University; Julie S. Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

part of Nicole Esposito’s Masters thesis at Texas A&MUniversity. During her time as a graduate student, her work was supported by the NationalScience Foundation Award Numbers CMMI-1000954 and DUE-0942400. Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Sauer, J., and Rüttinger, B., "A new framework for the design of ecological domestic appliances: design- centred product development", Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting: SAGE Publications, 2000, pp. 6-319-316-322.[2] Esposito, N., and Linsey, J., "Principles of Green Design: Analysis of User

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Lopez Hurtado, Northern New Mexico College; Jorge Crichigno, Northern New Mexico College; Alfredo J. Perez, Northern New Mexico College

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

warranty, express or implied, orassumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulnessof any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its usewould not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercialproduct, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise doesnot necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by theUnited States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authorsexpressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Governmentor any agency thereof.”Bibliography[1] Buonopane R. A. (1997), "Engineering Education for the 21st Century: Listen

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Assessment in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vincent Wilczynski, Yale University; Isabella M. Quagliato, Yale University: School of Engineering & Applied Science

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Weller, University of South Florida; Carol M. Haden, Magnolia Consulting, LLC; Jeff Frolik, University of Vermont; Paul G. Flikkema, Northern Arizona University; Aaron T. Ohta, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Sylvia W. Thomas, University of South Florida; Rhonda R. Franklin, University of Minnesota; Wayne A. Shiroma, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

reflectivity, mechanical robustness, and environmental sustainability, such as carbides, sol-gel coatings, high temperature oxides, and sev- eral polymers. Her research is interdisciplinary in nature and fosters collaborations with Chemical and Biomedical, Mechanical, and Environmental Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Public Health, Medicine, and the Nanotechnology Research and Education Center (NREC).Prof. Rhonda R. Franklin, University of Minnesota Rhonda Franklin (S’84-M’96) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Texas A&M Uni- versity, College Station, TX and M.S. and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from The University of

Conference Session

Ethical Behavior in Academia and Beyond

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University (ENG); Beth Stutzmann, RLC- Research Learning Community, Southern Polytechnic State University; Margaret Loraine Lowder, Southern Polytechnic State University; Mir M. Atiqullah, Kennesaw State University; Rajnish Singh, Southern Polytechnic State University; Craig A. Chin, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

manuals found inlibrary or online. A word cloud generated for responses placed under this category is shownbelow in Figure 3. Figure 3: Word cloud of all responses that were included in the “plagiarism” category was generated and highlights the frequency and types of responses obtained for this category. c. Collaboration: These were responses that reflected: a true collaboration, not just copyingoff each other, and included discussion, teamwork, ‘instructor said you can work in groups’,sharing, using each other’s work, asking friends for help in same class, and forming studygroups. It was difficult to gauge the differences and accurately categorize some responses

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, State University of New York at Oswego; Rachid Manseur, Oswego State University College; Thomas E. Doyle, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

undergraduates are thrilled by the projects and their freedom to innovate and perform research. They usually perform outstanding work, presented at local and international conferences. Their attitude is also reflected in their evaluations of teachers. We are hopeful that our experience will provide useful ideas, particularly to new faculty. 1. INTRODUCTIONUndergraduate students go through a steep learning curve during their studies. They are likely toreach high theoretical knowledge and may expect everything to be clearly spelled out forinvestigation. A recent IBM study1 based on face-to-face conversations with more than 1,500chief executive officers worldwide concludes that creativity is the most important factor forfuture

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Adam Kirn, Clemson University; Beshoy Morkos, Florida Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Monthly Email Advisor. 2008;6(8):2–3.22. Nickerson RS. The teaching and thinking of problem solving. In: Sternberg RJ, editor. Thinking and Problem Solving. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1994. page 409– 49.23. Wankat P. Reflective Analysis of Student Learning in a Sophomore Engineering Course. Journal of Engineering Education. 1999;88(2):195–203.24. Jonassen DH. Toward a Design Theory of Problem Solving.pdf. Educational Technology Research & Development. 2000;48(4):63–85.25. Bowman D, Benson L. MuseInk : Seeing and Hearing a Freshman Engineering Student Ink and Think. ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings. Louisville, KY: American Society

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Schmaltz, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

rubric for Criterion 3 (c) is shown in Tables 5 above. The samerubric is used for all years of student evaluation, allowing the comparison of varied levels ofprofessional competence as students progress through the curriculum. The expected Total Scoreindicated at the bottom of either rubric table changes, reflecting the increasing expectation forstudent performance as they move through the elements of the integrated ProfessionalComponent.For each sample of student work, faculty members independently assign scores of 0 – 3 (absentto proficient) for each attribute component in the rubric. The sum of these scores for all attributecomponents becomes the total score. Freshmen and sophomores are expected to attain a noviceto intermediate level, while

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niaz Latif, Purdue University, Calumet ; Joy L Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech)

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Cyberstates8 report, Indiana’s high tech employment data afew years later in 2008 reflected that Indiana was the 23rd ranked cyberstate, with 73,700 hightech workers, and the state ranked 45th in high-tech private sector workers (30 out of every 1,000workers). On several indicators of high-tech employment, Indiana ranked no higher than 20th(payroll average wages for high tech workers, and number of high-tech establishments). Andaccording to the 2000 census data, only 5.5% of adults 25 or older in Lake County have attaineda graduate or professional degree.9 Page 23.375.4For Economic Growth Region 1in Indiana, the percentage of the population over age 25

Conference Session

Capstone Projects, Design Projects, and Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emil H Salib, James Madison University; Joshua Alfred Erney, James Madison University; Matthew Edwin Schumaker

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

to be interconnected, and therefore collaboration and interactions amongthe other three sub-teams suffered significantly and reflected negatively on the entire project.The real solution “glue” and those who had to be “separated”This lack of leadership from the integration team resulted in other members stepping up to takethe integration of the project into their own hands. These members bypassed the integrationteam to work with other sub-teams directly. This direct communication created a situation wheresome members were no longer bound to their sub-teams and was viewed as the “real” integrationsub-team at least from a technical perspective. In specific case, there was one student, who wasvery skilled in his area as well as in other areas

Conference Session

Activities and Assessment for “Awkward ABET Outcomes”

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel; Kevin C Bower P.E., The Citadel; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Douglas H. Fehrmann, The Krause Center for Leadership and Ethics, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

faculty tenure and promotionprocess for working with students outside of class.Combined Mapping of Overall Program for Leadership DevelopmentUsing linkages and mapping previously described, Table 6 provides a comprehensive overviewof student leadership development for civil engineering students reflecting both curriculuminstruction and extracurricular activities. A total of 16 course goals evaluated using embeddedindicators are dedicated to CEE Department program outcomes that support leadershipdevelopment, excluding an addition 12 that are aligned with engineering design. As shown inTable 6, course goals covered in the curriculum are generally aligned with lower levels ofBloom’s Taxonomy, Level 3 or lower. With addition of representative mapping

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Drennan MSW, Centers for Disease Control ; Mary Y. Lanzerotti, Air Force Institute of Technology; Maggie Varga, Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education; Sean J Creighton, Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education; Derrick Langley, Air Force Institute of Technology; Diana Lynn Cahill, Air Force Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

to move forward legally to upgrade a long-standing summer research program. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Page 23.395.4IntroductionThis paper introduces a novel and unique way forward to upgrade a long-standing summerresearch program at a government institution to include components that are now standard atcivilian programs, such as National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experiences forUndergraduates (REU) programs. Critical to the success of this new paradigm

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Healy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Lynn Charles Rathbun, National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, Cornell University

Tagged Divisions

International

) Avg. It allowed me to identify/perceive the world context of technology 4.7 It allowed me to see how technology can help improve the lives of under- 4.6 served populations It allowed me to put my research in the context of the global arena 4.1 It allowed me to have discussions with the foreign participants about 4.8 It opened upand technology mysociety understanding of technology and the impact on society 4.6 It has influenced my future in terms of my career choices 4.1 Reflection questions post experience (1+ years since iWSG) Avg. I believe that my iWSG experience

Conference Session

It's Elementary

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica E S Swenson, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Merredith D Portsmore, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

selected problem and were asked to decide which problem they wanted to solveusing engineering. The next two days were dedicated to making a stop-motion action movieusing SAM software [23] to explain their problem and proposed their solution to the class. Weeksseven and eight were spent designing, building, and testing. The materials students used to buildtheir prototypes consisted of whatever was available in the classroom and supplies obtained byrequest from the STOMP fellows. The last day of the unit was dedicated to reflection about theprocess.Data CollectionThe primary method of data collection was video of in-class student group work and largerclassroom discussions. Pictures of student artifacts were also collected to document the stages

Conference Session

Product Development and Manufacturing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay R Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, National Instruments, and 3M during the curriculum development process was critical in the creation of these courses. This sequence includes courses in device/system testing, engineering statistics and data analysis, leadership, and product development business/engineering best practices. In addition to revising the curriculum, the program name has now also been changed toElectronic Systems Engineering Technology (ESET) to better reflect the new emphasis onproducts and systems.New Course Development As part of the new curriculum, in addition to restructuring and augmenting existingcourses, three new courses were developed. These supported both the embedded systems and theproduct development tracks as discussed above

Conference Session

Beyond the Classroom: Summer and Scholarship Programs to Engage Minorities

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Lopez Hurtado, Northern New Mexico College; Charles Knight, Northern New Mexico College; Raul R Peralta, Northern New Mexico College; Jorge Crichigno, Northern New Mexico College

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

participated in field experiences to practice the topics learned in the classroom.Examples of such activities included: 1) 3-4-5 Rule in the Construction Trades and its relation tothe Pythagorean Theorem; 2) Proportional Triangles--determining the height of a street lamppost; 3) Slopes--determining the rise and run of a ramp (on campus). See Figure 1. Theseactivities were important as icebreakers and help students to reflect on the importance ofapplication of theoretical concepts. Page 23.55.7 Figure 1: Field Experiences (Applying the 3-4-5 Rule

Conference Session

Basic Concepts in Entrepreneurship

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Neelam Soundarajan, Ohio State University; Rajiv Ramnath, Ohio State University; Bruce W. Weide, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Teaching Presence (Structure/Process) Fig. 1. Community of Inquiryeducational systems, it is also appropriate for learning environments that are (mostly or entirely)face-to-face. The three principal elements of the CoI model are social presence, cognitive presenceand teaching presence. Social presence may be defined as the degree to which participants in thelearning environment feel affectively connected one to another; cognitive presence represents theextent to which learners are able to, via interactions with each other, construct and refine theirunderstanding of important ideas through reflection and discussion; and teaching presence is the

Conference Session

Practical Teaching

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lam F. Wong, Cuyahoga Community College, Metropolitan; Henry Griffith, Wright State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

ProductDevelopment for utilization in academia based upon existing best practices in industry. Theproposed definition is formulated as a coupling of an engineering process and a leadershipframework, which respectively formulate the mission and vision for the process. Theengineering process is based upon classic theories of product development integrated within aconcurrent, sustainability focused framework. The leadership framework, which is developed asan expansion of the aforementioned TBL, completes the SPD process by providing guidance forthe establishment of a sustainability focused culture within an enterprise. After introducing thisprocess, a reflection detailing the challenges and opportunities associated with the inclusion ofSPD principles within a

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Tech Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

oftenlacking in many engineering courses, using traditional teaching approaches. Furthermore, thedesign experience motivates student learning and develops skills required in industry.The development and implementation of a project solar energy harvesting in our senior projectdesign course is described here. The project is used to allow students to apply fundamentalengineering concepts as well as principles of engineering design. The societal impact of theproject, Solar Energy Scavenging, also makes students more aware of what engineering can do toaddress current energy issues worldwide. Presently we are modifying the content of the projectto address the main concern that many students expressed in their reflection papers, i.e. the levelof complexity

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ethan Munson, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

and do not necessarily reflect the viewsof the National Science Foundation. The authors would also like to thank Shuwen Tang,Cindy Walker, Todd Johnson, Tina Current, Sharon Kaempfer, and Jennie Klumpp (all atUWM) for their assistance with this project.Bibliography1.National Science Board. 2003. The Science and Engineering Workforce: Realizing America’s Potential.Publication NSB 03-69. (www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2003/nsb0369/nsb0369.pdf)2. Augustine, N. “Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a BrighterEconomic Future”, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP), 2007.3. Good, J., Halpin, G., and Halpin, G. “A Promising Prospect for Minority Retention: StudentsBecoming Peer Mentors”, J

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew J. Traum, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Kyle Pace; Jeremy R Anderson, EASENET

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

) Max. Temp. (40 g)Temp. Cellulose Temp. Lignin Direct Combustor Direct Combustor 2286 K 1837 K 673 K 691 KAs expected, the experimentally-measured temperatures were significantly lower than thecalculated theoretical adiabatic flame temperatures as a result of the assumptions described inEquation 5, derived from Equation 4 above. Moreover, the overall initial fuel mass had littleimpact on the maximum measured temperature. So, the deviation in measured temperaturesbetween 30 g and 40 g in the direct combustor likely reflects the inaccuracy of the experimentalflame temperature interrogation technique. 40 35 Direct Combustion 40 g 30

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wookwon Lee, Gannon University; Harry R. Diz, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Activities Conference.Finally, a Course Exit Survey was given in the end of each semester to collect student’s assessmenton their learning and course itself. All of the assessments indicated that students learningexperience was great, including positive reflections of their experience in traveling to Washington,DC, as part of the project team, to participate in the US EPA-sponsored expo.5. Discussion, Conclusions, RecommendationsIt was found that the energy yield upon torrefaction was more than 90% of untorrified energycontent and loss in mass per pellet was less than 2%. The overall conversion efficiency from wet-weight biomass material to ultimate pellet would be subject to further refinement, but it appearedthat dry weight could directly

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention and First-year Programs in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hector A. Ochoa, The University of Texas at Tyler; Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas at Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

mean rating for each question is measured on thehorizontal axis, while the amplitude of the normal distribution is represented on the vertical axis.The students were given a survey composed of sixteen questions to evaluate the success of thecourse. The survey is given to the students the last week of the semester during class. Theprofessor is required to leave the classroom while the students fill out the survey. Since some ofthe questions are reflective in nature, in the following years the authors will seriously considermodifying the survey methodology to include two surveys: one at the beginning of the class andone later. One of the major difficulties with this approach is to quantify and measure items like“knowledge of the area of

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob Dean Wheadon, Purdue University; Nathalie Duval-Couetil, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

further research and analysis within and across GlobalInstructional Objectives to understand the relative importance of topics and how to measurequality. It is also important to study how this may vary across academic disciplines.There are limitations to focusing on business plans as the basis for such analysis. First, is theextent to which a business plan is truly an experiential learning activity versus a traditionalacademic assignment. In the literature, experiential learning has a precise definition and itsmajor characteristics have been well agreed upon (Kolb & Fry, 1975; Kolb, 1984). When donecorrectly, it consists of 4 phases: 1) providing an action for students to experience, 2) havingstudents reflect on the action and experience, 3

Conference Session

Capstone Design Courses and Tools in support of Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Guerra, NASA Headquarters; Gloria A. Murphy, NASA; Lisa D. May, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

teams do not actively use systems engineering processes, butinstead write their paper to match the rubric after the design and build of their lunabot. Suchbehavior completely misses the point of the paper as a required element of the competition. Infact, one student mentioned that she was responsible for writing the paper, and upon completion Page 23.203.12she realized that the systems engineering processes could have helped the team design a betterlunabot. Even worse, some teams completely ignore the rubric and submit a paper reflecting partof their course requirements or a paper written at the last minute.Table 8 shows the distribution of

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ida B Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dennis R. Depew, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Melissa Jane Dark, Purdue University; Rylan C. Chong, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

information; exposureexperiences allow students to apply and contextualize knowledge; and longer experiences likecourses and programs give students time to reflect on their progress and provide moreopportunities for them to control their learning.Bloom’s taxonomy provides another way to demonstrate the affordances of the differentapproaches to policy learning. In this taxonomy there are four types of knowledge viz. factualknowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge and metacognitive knowledge19.Programs and certificates can cover all these forms of knowledge where talks and seminars mayonly cover one domain such as factual knowledge. The same can be said for the levels ofintellectual behavior outlined in the cognitive domain of Bloom’s

Conference Session

Simulation Courses & BME Laboratories

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Paul Ranky

feel free to make our cases to become 'living documents' reflecting the changes in the way your team thinks and solves problems.)• To design and conduct physical and / or virtual laboratory experiments, as well as analyze and interpret real measured data.• To design and integrate systems, built of components and objects, to perform a desired process for a set of defined needs, or customer requirements within time, quality and cost constraints.• To understand the total quality rules and implications within and beyond the boundaries of the selected case.• To understand, evaluate, test, learn and apply various software packages for the sake of learning problem solving methods, versus just clicking on buttons offered

Conference Session

Technology, Communication, & Ethics

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Billy Koen

emulate (or in the case of a bad design) not to emulate it. Past uses of cases to teach the technical aspects and the ethical ones have not beenequivalent, however. We expect the professor to be knowledgeable of the state-of-the-art in thetechnical areas and to reflect best engineering practice in the chosen technical area. If a casestudy uses the Colburn relation to calculate the heat transfer coefficient, the clear implication isthat its use is consistent with the view of, say, 90% of the interested parties (in this case, thepracticing engineers and engineering professors) in a similar situation. We expect professors tokeep up with the literature, to attend appropriate conferences, and to perform research in thechosen field. Using case

Conference Session

The Climate for Women In Engineering

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Mara Wasburn

effects of child rearing. 15 Significantlymore men than women with children under the age of six achieve tenure. Many women assistantprofessors are choosing to postpone having children. Almost half of them say the decision wasmade because of their careers (p. 126).Not surprisingly, the inequities between male and female faculty are reflected in their salaries.More than three decades after Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, women faculty still earn from5 to 10 percent less than their male counterparts. 16Sycamore State University in 1988Original interviews conducted for the 1988 Needs Assessment study at SSU provideconsiderable insight into the situation of women faculty in 1988. However, the brevity of thereport precluded the presentation of all