Conference Session

Perspectives for Women Faculty

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University; Mara Wasburn, Purdue University; Valarie young, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

/ 2 College of Technology Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 / 3 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Ohio University Athens, OH 45701AbstractIncreasingly, women are having or caring for children while in tenure-track faculty positions.This paper focuses on the experiences of pregnant engineering faculty members, usingqualitative data derived from a survey of women faculty who are members of the AmericanSociety for Engineering Education Women in Engineering

Conference Session

Multimedia Tutorials and Web Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne Donnelly, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

University of Florida (UF) serves as the leadinstitution in partnership with Clemson University (CU) and the University of South Carolina(USC) as primary partners. Secondary partners include the NSF Louis B. Stokes Alliances forMinority Participation (LSAMP) programs in Florida and South Carolina, as well as theUniversity of The Virgin Islands (UVI). To provide opportunities for international exposure,SEAGEP has also developed a collaboration with the Latin American and Caribbean Consortiumof Engineering Institutions (LACCEI). SEAGEP is a comprehensive minority graduate levelprogram offering a variety of support to U.S. citizen or permanent resident students who arepursuing Ph.D. degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM

Conference Session

K-12 Programs (Co-sponsored by K-12 Division)

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeanne Hubelbank, WPI Evaluation Consulting; Chrysanthe Demetry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Shelley Errington Nicholson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Stephanie Blaisdell, Independent Consultant; Paula Quinn, Independent Consultant; Elissa Rosenthal, Marketing Research Consultant; Suzanne Sontgerath, Independent Consultant

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Worcester Polytechnic Institute. She co-founded Camp Reach and has co-directed the program from 1997-98 and 2003-present. Her teaching and research interests include use of educational technology, classroom formative assessment, development of intercultural sensitivity, and K-12 engineering outreach. She received the ASM Bradley Stoughton Award for Young Teachers in 2000 and WPI's Trustees' Award for Outstanding Teaching in 2002.Shelley Errington Nicholson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute SHELLEY ERRINGTON NICHOLSON serves as the Director of Women’s Programs at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. She has co-directed Camp Reach since 2006. Prior to joining WPI Shelley has worked at several

Conference Session

New Trends in Engineering Graduate Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Sanger, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2007-1260: THE CAROLINAS INNOVATION COLLABORATIVE: ATRANSFORMATIONAL INITIATIVE IN HEALTHCARE AND AGING IN PLACEPhillip Sanger, Western Carolina University Page 12.1393.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 The Carolinas Innovation Collaborative: A Transformational Initiative in Healthcare and Aging in Place*Overview of the SituationIn 2004 the Council on Competitiveness issued its final report on the National InnovationInitiative called “Innovate America.” Clearly America’s focus must change from optimizing andincremental improvements to mobilizing our whole society for innovation. The

Conference Session

Engineering Without Borders: Programs Involving Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton; Eger Bill; Phillip Aaron, University of Dayton; Charles Schreier, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

International

the international technicalimmersion program such that it can serve as a model that can be easily adopted by peerinstitutions (small to mid-size colleges and universities). The ETHOS immersions are ten tosixteen weeks long, during which students work with collaborating organizations to assist infinding appropriate, and effective solutions to technical challenges. Students use theirengineering skills to address real problems, while gaining a better understanding of the interfacebetween technology and global society. Academic credit is incorporated into these immersionswith technical reporting, reflections and presentations delivered upon completion of the program.Pre-immersion course work includes research and engineering fundamentals

Conference Session

Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

AC 2007-2456: OUTREACH INITIATIVE FOR RECRUITING WOMEN TOENGINEERING: DOING A GOOD DEED FOR GIRL SCOUTSDavid Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte DR. DAVID S. COTTRELL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1978 and retired in 2000 after more than 22 years of service with the US Army Corps of Engineers. Studies at Texas A&M University resulted in an MS Degree in Civil Engineering in 1987 and a PhD in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer and has taught courses in statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, graphic communications, engineering

Conference Session

NAFP Panel Discussion

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohan Aggarwal, Alabama A&M University; Benjamin Penn, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center; Ravindra Lal, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

the Sciences/National Research Council. At NASA/MSFC he did pioneer work on the effects of radiation on thermal© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 control coatings used for Apollo and other spacecrafts under the leadership NASA/MSFC director Dr. Werner Von Braun. He was selected for one year from 2004 to 2005 as a NASA’s Administrator’s Fellow to work in the Exploration Science and Technology Division of NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center. While at AAMU he was chosen by NASA in 1978 as a principal investigator for a Space Shuttle experiment on the maiden flight of the Spacelab-3 mission in 1985. The crystal growth experiment for growing triglycine

Conference Session

The Impact of Curriculum on the Retention of Women Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Marra, University of Missouri; Barbara Bogue, Pennsylvania State University; Kelly Rodgers, University of Missouri; Demei Shen, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

AC 2007-124: SELF EFFICACY OF WOMEN ENGINEERING STUDENTS ?THREE YEARS OF DATA AT U.S. INSTITUTIONSRose Marra, University of Missouri ROSE M. MARRA is an Associate Professor in the School of Information Science and Learning Technologies at the University of Missouri. She is PI of the NSF-funded Assessing Women and Men in Engineering (AWE) and Assessing Women In Student Environments (AWISE) projects. Her research interests include gender equity issues, the epistemological development of college students, and promoting meaningful learning in web-based environments.Barbara Bogue, Pennsylvania State University BARBARA BOGUE is Associate Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Women in

Conference Session

Perceptions of Women's Success in STEM

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Catherine Claiborne, University of Washington; Suzanne G. Brainard, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, skillgaps, immigration restrictions after September 11, 2001, and growing competition abroad fromcountries that historically supply S&E workers11,12,17,28,. According to the Congressional Page 12.751.2Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, andTechnology Development (CAWMSET), the shortage could be avoided “if women,underrepresented minorities, and persons with disabilities were represented in the U.S. science,engineering, and technology (SET) workforce in parity with their percentages in the totalworkforce population” 7. In 2005 women and underrepresented minorities (African Americans,Hispanics, and

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Benitez, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Juan Jimenez, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Yesenia Cruz, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Marta Rosa, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Alexandra Medina-Borja, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

tuition in theisland. In fact, more than in other places, since the 1960s, there has been a growing emphasis oneducational attainment to secure better earnings and job opportunities. Strong demand from thelocal market and the continental U.S. for engineers, coupled with the proliferation of colleges,low tuition costs, and generous student aid, have eased the way for high school students intoengineering.Status of the UPRM’s College of Engineering in the island.The UPRM is a highly recognized university in Puerto Rico. Its image comes from being one ofthe best universities specialized in Engineering and Science in the Caribbean. Engineeringgraduates get very competitive job offers from the many pharmaceutical, bio-technology andelectronics

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farhad Azadivar, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth; Bradley Kramer, Kansas State University

hope is to bringalong the technological innovation to the region and create additional jobs and economicdevelopment for the region.Having these centers owned and controlled by the university, like teaching hospitals that areoperated by medical schools, provides a great opportunity for advancing engineering education.Consequently, it is no surprise that some (though not as many as there should be) colleges ofengineering have taken advantage of this opportunity. These colleges have established aninternal internship program through which engineering students are hired as part-time interns andwork as a full fledged engineers on projects contracted with the industry. Although theadvantages of operating these centers in terms of the quality of

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bob Lahidji, Eastern Michigan University; Jianhua Wang, Eastern Michigan University; Walter Tucker, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2007-2800: PREPARING ENGINEERS FOR THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN:THE CASE OF AUTOMOTIVE PARTS IN CHINABob Lahidji, Eastern Michigan University Dr. Bob Lahidji holds the rank of full professor and the Director of the School of Engineering Technology at the Eastern Michigan University. His primary interest and expertise are in the area of manufacturing process and CNC/CAM. Dr. Lahidji has been involved with manufacturing firms as a consultant in the area of improving manufacturing processes. He has written numerous articles and is the co-author of the textbook “Maximize SURFCAM”.Jianhua Wang, Eastern Michigan University Dr. Jianhua Wang Ph. D. Mechanical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City

Conference Session

Learning Needs and Educational Success

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Skurla, Baylor University; Steven Eisenbarth, Baylor University; Richard Campbell, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

studentsfrom community colleges into programs with specific mentoring objectives will contribute to thediversity of the engineering workforce. Recent court rulings prohibit our university fromconsidering gender, race, or ethnicity in all activities of the university. However, one method forincreasing diversity of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforceis to focus on first-generation college students because underrepresented minority students makeup a large percentage of first-generation college students.According to Peterson et al, “Factors that negatively impact minority students’ success inengineering include finances, academic preparation, difficulty envisioning themselves asengineers, and lack of community on campus2

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine; June Marshall, St. Joseph's College

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

scientist, engineer, or poet is accomplishedthrough hands and minds on a task. Just think of the contrast between the activities ofapprentices in a workshop and the passivity of pupils in a lecture hall.If we refocus our efforts on learning, professors can exploit information technology toprovide data, scholarly references, and simulated problems for cognitive workshops. Inthose workspaces, student investigators will work side by side with faculty. Togetherthey will learn to create, evaluate, improve, and apply knowledge. Students will learn tobe experts and faculty will sharpen their expertise.There won’t be “a” talking head, but scads of conversations. There will be studentstearing into problems with all the vitality of youth. And there will be

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dean Kim, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

principles which form the basis of the author’s methods for effective teaching arediscussed. Additional topics covered in this paper include using lecture time effectively,conducting a laboratory course, administering assignments and exams, and grading consistentlyand fairly. The effective use of helpers such as homework graders and laboratory teachingassistants is discussed. The author also addresses the use of technology for teaching, specificallywarning about becoming overly reliant on such technology.IntroductionIn today’s university environment, much is expected from professors regarding the education ofstudents. One primary duty and responsibility of the university professor is to teach effectively.Specifically, the engineering professor is to

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kausalai Wijekumar, The Pennsylvania State University Beaver; Brian Cameron, The Pennsylvania State University

AC 2007-1298: CLASSIFYING WEB-BASED DISCUSSION FORUM TASKS ANDLEARNING OUTCOMES OF UNDERGRADUATE INFORMATION SCIENCESTUDENTSKausalai Wijekumar, The Pennsylvania State University Beaver Dr. Wijekumar is Asst. Professor of Information Sciences and Technology at Penn State Beaver. She holds degrees in Electronics Engineering, Computer Science, and Instructional Technology. Her research interests are in intelligent tutoring technologies, the effects of computers on human knowledge structures, and mentoring students in information sciences, mathematics, and engineering. She has received over 30 million dollars in grants from various fundings agencies for developing intelligent technologies for

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Eduaction - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University; Kelley Racicot, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2007-465: EVERYDAY PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS ARCHIVEDAS E-PORTFOLIO: EVIDENCE OF SOCIAL LEARNING IN AN ENGINEERINGDESIGN CURRICULUMCharles Pezeshki, Washington State University Chuck Pezeshki is a professor at Washington State University in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and is the DIrector of the Industrial Design Clinic.Kelley Racicot, Washington State University Kelley Racicot is a graduate student in the Department of Teaching and Learning at Washington State University. She is employed at the Center for Teaching, Learning, and Technology at WSU. Page 12.702.1© American

Conference Session

Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lari Garrison, University of Washington; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Portia Sabin, University of Washington; Andrew Jocuns, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

science,technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, then we turn to the notion of culturalmodels, which will be a frame through which to examine the beliefs students have about theadmission process at UWest.In the last 30-40 years, attempts have been made to increase the number of women who go intothe field of engineering. Accompanied by these attempts has grown a large body of researchinvestigating factors contributing to the disparity between the numbers of men and women whomajor in STEM.3-19. These attempts can largely be categorized in two major ways: One categoryof research identifies or prescribes a remedy for a presumptively inherent difference betweenwomen and men that prevents women from entering STEM fields in numbers equal

Conference Session

Retention of STEM Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annita Alting, City College of the City University of New York; Ardie Walser, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

mathematics in Dutch secondary and higher education and mathematics at Pace University. She performed curriculum evaluation and academic advising at Delft University of Technology, and large-scale educational research at Twente University. Before coming to City College, she worked for three years as a research associate in IBM Research, performing organizational and usability studies.Ardie Walser, City College of the City University of New York ARDIE D. WALSER Ardie D. Walser is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and the Associate Dean of the School of Engineering at the City College of the City University of New York. Dr. Walser is a former Division Chair of the Minorities in

Conference Session

Best Practices in Interdisciplinary Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Thornton, University of Maryland; Jacqueline Rogers, University of Maryland (Retired); Kristen Waters; Nathan Myers, University of Maryland; Lisa Rawlings, Prince George's Prince Community College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

faculty director provided the vision that has shaped the Hinman CEOs Program into a nationally recognized program. In December 2006, Karen was appointed the director of the Hillman Entrepreneurs Program and she is heavily involved with setting up the program in preparation of its launch at UM in the fall of 2007. Karen also manages the business development activities of MTECH Ventures and oversees a cadre of educational programs and activities offered through the Clark School of Engineering designed to spur and support technology commercialization through education, networking and hands-on incubation. Karen has professional experience in both human resources and

Conference Session

Learning Needs and Educational Success

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheree Watson, Montana State University; Heidi Sherick, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

pre-entry academic preparation ofAmerican Indian students who want to study engineering, (2) Help shape theengineering, engineering technology, and computer science workforce byincreasing the number of American Indian students graduating from the Collegeof Engineering, and (3) Improve access to quality engineering and technology torural and underserved populations by returning highly educated professionals tothese communities. Objectives relating to these goals include increasingawareness of career opportunities in engineering and increasing awareness of thecontribution that engineering makes to quality of life.We have developed many different ways to reach our goals and objectives,including a new approach we piloted spring 2006: a service

Conference Session

MIND - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Shaykhian, NASA; Gholam Ali Shaykhian, NASA

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Florida Institute of Technology. He has received a Master of Science (M.S.) degree in Computer Systems from University of Central Florida in 1985 and a second M.S. degree in Operations Research from the same university in 1997. His research interests include object-oriented methodologies, design patterns, software safety, and genetic and optimization algorithms. He teaches graduate courses in Computer Information Systems at Florida Institute of Technology’s University College. Mr. Shaykhian is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) and is the Vice-Chair (2005-2007), Education Chair (2003-2007) and Awards Chair of the IEEE Canaveral section. He is a

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention Topics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Godfrey, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Disciplines 1,407,009 810,817 58% 596,192 42%All Science & Eng Disciplines** 454,978 229,412 50% 225,566 50%Eng & Closely Related Fields*** 164,415 41,760 25% 122,655 75%Chemistry 9,305 4,755 51% 4,550 49%Physics 4,156 908 22% 3,248 78%Math & Statistics 13,755 6,318 46% 7,437 54% Page 12.430.3Computer Science 57,405 14,406 25% 42,999 75%Engineering Technology 15,119

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Frempong, State University of New York

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2007-1974: THE SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE RING IN AFRICAStephen Frempong, State University of New York Page 12.1473.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Submarine Transcontinental African Cable Ring The Submarine Telecommunications Cable Ring in Africa “SAT3/WASC/SAFE” (South Atlantic Telecommunications Cable No.3/West Africa Submarine Cable/South Africa Far East), is a high-speed network that links many African countries to the rest of the World. This paper will look into the above cable ring connectivity, ownership/management, capabilities (bandwidth), node locations

Conference Session

An International Perspective

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Bianca Bernstein, Arizona State University; Nancy Felipe Russo, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

complete their degrees,and that the completion rate for women is lower than that of men. Preliminary estimatessuggest that the attrition of women from some doctoral programs in engineering and thehard sciences may be twice that of men. Low numbers of women entering doctoralprograms in these fields combined with high attrition results in an even lower number ofdoctorates actually earned each year by women in science, technology, engineering and Page 12.607.2mathematics (STEM).To put the lack of progress of women in engineering into perspective, we have only tocompare the percentage of women in engineering with the percentage of women in law.The total

Conference Session

Laboratory and Internship Innovations in IT/IS

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaoxi Martin, Western Carolina University; Brant Price, Western Carolina University; James Zhang, Western Carolina University; Duane Dunlap, Western Carolina University; Robert Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

AC 2007-894: A DATABASE AND USER INTERFACE DESIGN FOR A REMOTEACCESSIBLE ENGINEERING LABORATORYXiaoxi Martin, Western Carolina University Xiaoxi Martin received her Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology from Western Carolina University. Currently she is a Master of Science in technology student with the Department of Engineering and Technology at the Kimmel School of Construction Management, Engineering, and Technology, Western Carolina University.Brant Price, Western Carolina University Brant Price received his Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology from Western Carolina University. Currently he is a Master of Science in technology

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mike Murphy; Michael Dyrenfurth, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2007-1543: GROWING RESEARCH IN A TRADITIONALLYTEACHING-ORIENTED COLLEGEMichael Murphy, Dublin Institute of Technology Mike Murphy is Director & Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Dublin Institute of Technology in Dublin, Ireland.Michael Dyrenfurth, Purdue University Michael Dyrenfurth is Professor in the Department of Industrial Technology at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. Page 12.795.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Growing Research in a Traditionally Teaching-oriented CollegeIntroductionThere is increasing pressure on universities to contribute to ‘the

Conference Session

New Tools in Teaching and Learning Biomedical Engineering Concepts

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael VanAuker, University of South Florida; Joel Strom, University of South Florida; William Lee, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 12.345.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Cardiovascular Engineering: Current Status, Future Trends, and its Emergence as a DisciplineAbstractCardiovascular (CV) engineering is emerging as a defined discipline in engineering educationalprograms due to rapid advances in CV diagnostics, therapeutics, and rehabilitation. The growthin science and technology has in turn catalyzed significant industrial expansion as a wide varietyof companies develop the high-tech products of the present and future. These advances requireengineers capable of intimate interdisciplinary collaborations, particularly with CV physicians ateach stage of research, but especially in the translational phase of product

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Wronecki, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2007-1163: SURFACE MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMOTIVE ANDPRODUCT DESIGNJames Wronecki, East Tennessee State University James A. Wronecki is a designer/educator with diverse experience product and digital design. He currently serves an Assistant Professor of Digital Product Design within the Digital Media Program and Technology Department at East Tennessee State University. He received his Masters of Industrial Design from The University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pa. He has also taught as an Adjunct Professor at The University of the Arts, Philadelphia University, and The Art Institute of Atlanta. Mr. Wronecki is Certified in Level 2 and 3 Studio Tools training

Conference Session

K-12 Programs (Co-sponsored by K-12 Division)

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University; Elizabeth Eschenbach, Humboldt State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Page 12.707.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Expanding Girls’ Horizons in Math and Science: A Longitudinal Evaluation of EYH Conference OutcomesAbstractLittle longitudinal data is available on the effectiveness of Expanding Your Horizonsconferences on impacting girls’ future decisions regarding math and science. The purpose of theconferences is to encourage girls to take more math and science in high school by exposing themto hands-on activities and role models in the areas of science, technology, engineering andmathematics (STEM). This paper is based on interview data from 22 high school girls whobetween 2005 and 2006 participated in one-to-one interviews and small group discussions.These 22