Conference Session

Two Year College Tech Session I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Ernest, Western Kentucky University; Jana Fattic, Western Kentucky University; Sherry Reid, Western Kentucky University; Alan Cranford, Murfreesboro Water & Sewer Department

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

AC 2008-2258: AN INTEGRATED SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPING APROFESSIONAL WATER AND WASTEWATER WORKFORCE: ETD IT/IETINTEREST GROUPAndrew Ernest, Western Kentucky University Dr. Ernest has over 16 years of professional experience with progressively increasing management responsibility. He has managed a variety of organizational units with varying missions, encompassing academic, revenue-driven, research and service activities. He has supervised, students, faculty, administrative and technical staff, and sub-contractors, in a wide range of organizational groups, and directed the research of over 40 M.S. and Ph.D. students. Dr. Ernest has managed over $12M in projects, coordinated and served as prime

Conference Session

Research Infrastructure in STEM Disciplines

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miguel Labrador, University of South Florida; Cesar Guerrero, University of South Florida; Rafael Perez, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

. Instead, it is fairly open, givingstudents a broad range of research project options in Computer Science and Engineering. Forexample, research projects in robotics, computer networks, transportation, computer architecture,data mining, artificial intelligence, security, distributed systems, pattern recognition, and digitalimage processing have been included. The second unique aspect is that, based on the statisticspresented above, the commitment was to recruit the majority of the students from the Hispanicminority group, mainly from Florida and Puerto Rico. In addition, the University of SouthFlorida (USF) committed to bringing at least one student from a Latin American country eachyear.Most of the other aspects of the program are fairly standard

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharlene Katz, California State University-Northridge; Robert Alldredge, Allan Hancock College

Hancock College Robert (Bob) Alldredge holds a B.S. degree in electronics from Chapman University and is a full-time instructor at Allan Hancock College in Santa Maria, California where he has worked and taught for the past thirty-seven years. He also has been involved in the design and manufacture of hardware training apparatus for the nuclear power industry and is a recipient of the NISOD Excellence Award from the University of Texas at Austin. He is a founding member of Project CREATE, serves as its Co-PI and is PI for a three-year NASA-CIPA (NASA Curriculum Improvement Partnership Award) grant. Mr. Alldredge has developed course work and contributed efforts to NSF SpaceTEC’s

Conference Session

Design for Society and the Environment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Pappas; Ronald Kander, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

,engineering educators have been modifying engineering curricula by initiating coursesand projects that foster in their students advanced thinking skills and an understanding ofthe creative process. The educational modes in these "new engineering classrooms" areboth diverse and experimental, crossing disciplines, and involving processes oncereserved for artists and writers. The topography of progressive engineering programsvaries dramatically from university to university, as professors draw inspiration fromnon-traditional sources including the social sciences, philosophy, business, architecture,and art. The future of engineering education and practice is now largely the responsibilityof university programs that must respond flexibly to market

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Research

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Goodarz Ahmadi, Clarkson University; Suresh Dhaniyala, Clarkson University; John Mclaughlin, Clarkson University; Cetin Cetinkaya, Clarkson University; Stephen Doheny-Farina, Clarkson University; Fa-Gung Fan, Xerox Corp.

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5725, USA 2 Xerox Corporation, Webster, NY, 14580, USAAbstract Understanding particle transport, deposition and removal are of crucialimportance to many technologies such as microelectronic, imaging and pharmaceuticalindustries. In addition, solving a number of environmental problems requires a detailunderstanding of particle transport processes. In the last decade, significant researchprogress in the areas of particle transport, deposition and removal has been made. In this“combined research and curriculum development” project a sequence of two new courseson particle transport, deposition and removal and re-entrainment was developed and anexisting course was fully revised

Conference Session

BME Courses & Curricular Content

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Cardinal, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

preclinical and clinical testing, in order to prepare them to succeed in a regulatory-basedenvironment.This is a case-study based course, where cases range from small in-class examples that facilitateactive student engagement in the material, to large cases that span multiple lessons andincorporate out of class assignments and projects. Cases are selected and presented such thatstudents gain insights into the progression and complexities of “real-life” devices, while learningin vitro and in vivo preclinical evaluation techniques, clinical trial guidelines, FDA processes andrequirements, and overall regulatory constraints.IntroductionFDA regulations are a large part of many facets of life in the medical device industry. In rolesranging from business

Conference Session

Engineering in High Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darryl Morrell, Arizona State University; Chell Roberts, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Tirupalavanam Ganesh, Arizona State University; Annapurna Ganesh, Mesa Community College; Rachelle Beard, Arizona State University; Janel White-Taylor, Arizona State University; Neeru Khosla, CK12 Foundation; Murugan Pal, CK12 Foundation; John Kobara, CK12 Foundation; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University; Meera Vaidyanathan, CK12 Foundation

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

“seed” textbooksfor the CK12 Foundation; these books are intended to form the nucleus around which communitieswill form that use, extend, and adapt the material.A team of university faculty was assembled to write the book. This team included faculty withexpertise in K–12 STEM from the Mary Lou Fulton College of Education at Arizona State Univer-sity; engineering faculty from the Engineering Department at the Polytechnic campus at ASU; andfaculty from the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering at ASU. Several members of this team hadworked together previously on proposals and funded research projects; the development of a highschool engineering text was a new endeavor for all involved.This paper is a progress report on the development of the

Conference Session

Industry and Engineering Technology Partnerships

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Dobrowski, Purdue University-North Central

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

there were several other programs that could beused for a template. However, the content of many of the classes was still open for debate andtook considerable time to complete. It was at this time that the author decided to look to industryleaders for some suggestions. The first source was the Department’s own Advisory Committee.This committee was comprised of designers (both architectural and civil), a County BuildingCommissioner, a City Engineer, and a Construction Company President. In addition to this,several “Guest Speaker” utilized in various classes by the author were also consulted. Theseincluded Construction Project Managers, Estimators, Engineers, and the Secretary of a majortrade union. It should be noted that several of the industry

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ian Papautsky, University of Cincinnati; Cathy Maltbie, University of Cincinnati; David Eddington, University of Illinois at Chicago; Ali Asgar Bhagat, University of Cincinnati; Hugo Caicedo, University of Illinois at Chicago

Services Center, CECH, UC. Dr. Maltbie has a combination of educational and industry experience and coordinates projects related to K-16 STEM education and teaches research methods courses.David Eddington, University of Illinois at Chicago Dr. Eddington earned his Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He did a postdoctoral fellowship in Tissue Engineering at MIT as an awardee of an NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA). From undergraduate research to present, Dr. Eddington has worked with microfluidic systems with diverse applications ranging from recreating the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease on a microfluidic chip to

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salil Desai, North Carolina A&T State University; Leotis Parrish, North Carolina A&T State University; Marcia Williams, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Undergraduate Research Program based on a minimum GPAof 3.0 (scale of 0 to 4.0) and faculty recommendations. Over the past year this program standardshave risen with average student GPA around 3.3 of 4.0. Students have been selected fromdifferent disciplines including computer, industrial, mechanical, electrical, and chemicalengineering. On an average the cohort size for this program is around 8 students per semester.The intent of choosing an interdisciplinary group is to share their experiences across differentdepartments. Students are recruited primarily on faculty recommendations within respectivedepartments as they work closely with faculty in their research projects.4. Faculty MentoringActive faculty researchers from College of Engineering were

Conference Session

Hardware Descriptive Language Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Han-Way Huang, Minnesota State University-Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

program execution process. From there, studentslearn to locate the source of errors.Programming style is another area that deserves a lot of attention. By following certainguidelines, many syntax errors can be avoided while at the same time programs becomemore readable and extensible. Students were taught to write reusable code. They weretaught to convert common operations into functions and group them into files so that theycould be included in other projects and be reused.The choice of microcontroller to teach in an embedded system course is also important.There are several microcontroller families with good development tools and demo boardssupport. We have taught the Freescale HCS12, Microchip PIC18, and Silicon LaboratoryC8051 in the embedded

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bevlee Watford, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Catherine Didion, Association for Women in Science; Patricia Paddock, NYC Department of Education; Suzanne Jenniches, Northrop Grumman; Annette Gildea, Gildea Media Group; Katie Gramling, Diamax; Greta Zornes, Tulane University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

websites that achieve project and organization objectives.Greta Zornes, Tulane University© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Greta Zornes recently completed her PhD in Environmental Health Sciences at Tulane University in New Orleans. She is active in Engineers Without Borders and is currently involved in a project in the community of Amayo, Nicaragua. Currently a fellow at the National Academy of Engineering, Greta is working with the Diversity in the Engineering Workforce (DEW) program supporting the Engineer Girl and Engineer Your Life projects. Greta is employed as an engineering consultant with CH2M HILL

Conference Session

Two Year College Tech Session II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elaine Craft, Florence-Darlington Technical College; Joshua Phiri, Florence-Darlington Technical College; Patressa Gardner, Florence-Darlington Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

AC 2008-589: ADDRESSING FACULTY DEVELOPMENT AS A VITAL STEP INTRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGE TO IMPROVE ENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICIAN EDUCATIONElaine Craft, Florence-Darlington Technical CollegeJoshua Phiri, Florence-Darlington Technical College Principal Investigator, SCATE National Resource Center for Expanding Excellence in Technician Education and Instructor of Physics, Florence-Darlington Technical CollegePatressa Gardner, Florence-Darlington Technical College Project Manager, SCATE National Resource Center for Expanding Excellence in Technician Education and Business/Industry Liaison, Florence-Darlington Technical College

Conference Session

Blurring the Boundary between Content Knowledge and Professional Knowledge

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Verna Fitzsimmons, Kent State University - Kent; Stephane Booth, Kent State University - Kent

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

course such as this. The last twooutcomes were added from the LER perspective. It was expected that if the studentsbetter understood various types of learning styles and were explicitly aware of their own, Page 13.841.3they would have a deeper understanding of communications and team work.The course format was primarily discussion based on either class presentations orassigned readings. In-class and out-of-class projects were assigned, as was a reflectivejournal. Depending on the assignment, students worked individually, in pairs, or as ateam. A final take home exam was also assigned.Throughout the course, the instructors worked from the perspective that

Conference Session

Micro-/Nano-Technology Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Surendra Gupta, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Targeted Academic Research Center), and Semiconductor & MicrosystemsFabrication Laboratories (SMFL). Materials characterization and testing needs in these researchprojects are partially met by equipment available in the Advanced Materials Lab (AML).AML is the only facility at RIT that has equipment for scanning probe microscopy (SPM), x-raydiffraction (XRD), micro- and nano- indentation, and quantitative imaging. With greaterparticipation of undergraduate students in research projects involving microelectronic thin films,photo-voltaic materials, MEMS devices and nano-crystalline tribological coatings, AML hasexperienced a surge in demand for its materials characterization and testing services in the lastfive years. To help undergraduate and

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 2

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlie Hall, University of Kentucky; Lawrence Holloway, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

also reasons for teams to beused in a course: Teams are able to accomplish more than individuals, there is learning betweenmembers on a team, and teams are a way of developing and disseminating a culture. In theclassroom, the culture that should be developed among the students through the use of teams is aculture of collaboration and problem-solving. No amount of lecturing on the value of teams orthe value of collaborative problem solving can replace the learning or experiencing of actuallybeing a part of a team. It should be noted that teams can be formal or informal; for a largesemester project, teams may work together for weeks, but informal teams may develop duringsmall class discussions or class exercises.A potential hazard of using teams

Conference Session

Faculty Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Lisa Brooks, Texas A&M University; Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

democratic society all citizens should be informed and responsible for makingdecisions that may directly influence their daily lives. Energy is one of the mostpredominant elements of modern human societies and their survival in a healthy political,economic, and social environment. Hence, the main teaching goal of ENGR 101 is topromote student participation in every aspect of the course activities, ranging from the in-class discussions to the design of the course projects. With this goal in mind, peerteachers, graduate students, engineering faculty, and learning scientists systematicallyworked together over the academic semester which was the focus of this research toemphasize a learner-centered instructional design in teaching the ENGR 101 course

Conference Session

Investigating Fuel Cells and Alternative Fuels in the Classroom and Lab

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Recayi 'Reg' Pecen; Faruk Yildiz; Kenan Baltaci, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, DC and AC power, pressure, temperature, fuel utilization, overallsystem efficiency, noise, etc. Fuel cell test systems must precisely monitor and control thesemeasurements in real-time. It is necessary to have an instrumentation system which is able tomonitor and control fuel cell operation under varying conditions. Therefore, a typical fuel celltest system requires high-resolution, isolation, and waveform acquisition capability. This paperdescribes design and implementation of a hydrogen fuel cell data acquisition and monitoringscheme for a BS degree offering engineering technology institution. The objective of this appliedresearch project is to design and implement a high-resolution data acquisition and interfacemodule for a 500 W Hydrogen

Conference Session

Multinational and International Design

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Mehalik, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students contrasted intwo conditions: One group worked on an international design project that required cross-institutional and international collaboration. The projects were geared towards improving thelives of developing areas in Brazil and focused particularly on designing products that couldimprove housing, living conditions, and/or personal security. The second group consisted ofstudents that worked on projects domestically with companies as clients. The contrast willexamine the extent to which these two project domains influenced the type of entrepreneurshipskills that the student participants learned. The purpose of the international development effort was to further infuse sustainabilityand product realization into the

Conference Session

Non-Technical Skills Build Success in ET

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maren Henry, University of West Georgia; Eric Granlund, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Design (MET 210W) is a fourth semester writing intensive and capstoneengineering design and analysis course for students enrolled in the Associate DegreeMechanical Engineering Technology Program as offered by The Pennsylvania StateUniversity. This three credit-hour course teaches engineering design and analysisprinciples through team-oriented design projects supported by communication skills:written, graphical and oral [1]. The major objective of MET 210W is to provide students with methodologies todesign and select machine elements found in mechanical systems. The elements includekey design and analysis, roller ball bearing selection and analysis, chain and sprocketselection and analysis, linear helical compression spring design and

Conference Session

Professional Skills and the Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Ater Kranov, Center for Teaching, Learning & Technology; Robert Olsen, Washington State University; Carl Hauser, Washington State University; Laura Girardeau, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, intercultural team interactions thatcharacterize engineering careers in the 21st century. While there have been many program-levelefforts across the nation to develop these “soft” skills, such as capstone projects that incorporatestudy abroad and service learning, no direct method of measuring all six skills simultaneouslyexists in the literature. This project proposes an innovative and direct method of developing andassessing ABET professional skills simultaneously that can be used at the course-level forassessing student performance and at the program-level for assessing efficacy of the curricula.In 2007, the Center for Teaching, Learning and Technology (CTLT) at Washington StateUniversity (WSU) collaborated with the College of Engineering and

Conference Session

Innovations in Laboratory Studies

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Al-Bahi, King Abdulaziz University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Introductory Physics CoursesThe experience of the “Scientific Abilities Project” developed by the Rutgers Physics andAstronomy Education Research Group2 is interesting. The project is sponsored by the National Page 13.380.3Science Foundation program “Assessing Student Achievement” (NSF-ASA). The goal of theproject is to help students develop some of the abilities used by scientists and engineers in theirwork. These abilities include: ‚ an ability to represent knowledge in multiple ways; ‚ an ability to design experiments to investigate new phenomena, test hypotheses and solve experimental problems; ‚ an ability to collect and analyze

Conference Session

Tools for Teaching

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Scott Moor, Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

thatthey more easily accommodate these approaches. Ten years after the Seven Principles werepublished Chickering and Ehrmann14 noted that we could use “technology as a lever” to helpimplement these principles. The large-scale technology of the learning space itself can be onesuch lever.Examples of Alternative Learning SpacesDifferent groups are starting to transform some learning spaces to accommodate morecooperative and active learning approaches.15A prime example of using redesigned space to enhance learning is the SCALE-UP project(Student Centered Activities for Large Enrolment Undergraduate Programs).16 While thisproject has broader interests, its initial focus has been introductory physics. It is a joint projectof a number of universities

Conference Session

Problem Solving and Misconceptions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Jackman, Iowa State University; Sarah Ryan, Iowa State University; Craig Ogilvie, Iowa State University; Dale Niederhauser, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 13.1064.2problem solver to formulate the problem.Experienced instructors in engineering and science are well aware of students struggling withformulating problems. These struggles are often seen in problem sets, exams, and project work.Clement et al. found that undergraduate students had great difficulty formulating simple mathproblems (i.e., writing a mathematical expression) that were presented as text descriptions.9 Thestudents were asked to formulate the problem, but did not have to solve it. In most cases, fewerthan 50% of the students could formulate the problem correctly.We have found that students working in teams on complex engineering economy problems wereunable to successfully formulate the problem.10 Some teams did not include

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Kyun Lee, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer; R. William Graff, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

uncertainty or conflicting data from tests. The video game culture may be influential in this area too. In video games, as in most games, there is always a correct answer which, with persistence, you can get to in the end. That’s obviously not always possible in the workplace in the necessary timeframe with real world deadlines.”4 4. “It seems that they spend about the same amount of time in the office as their older peers, but more of that time is spent checking personal email and updating Facebook pages. But when they are dedicated to a project, it gets their intense full attention—albeit in short bursts. It seems to balance out.”5 5. “The work ethic is dead. Younger generations in the workforce have killed it off

Conference Session

Biological & Agricultural Technical Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kumar Mallikarjunan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Anand Lakshmikanth, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; John Cundiff, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Andrew Fulton, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

Engineering Education (EngE) and Page 13.107.2the bioprocess wing of the Biological Systems Engineering (BSE) at Virginia Tech was launchedin September 2004. The first project was awarded in Fall of 2003 and became a planning projectfor the second funding from NSF for the DLR. This DLR project, funded in Fall 2004, focusedon reformulating the engineering curriculum for specifically bioprocess engineering program inthe Department of Biological Systems Engineering in conjunction with the freshman program inthe Department of Engineering Education and School of Education12. The formed committeeassessed a need for students improving their skills by having

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lyubov Kurkalova, North Carolina A&T State University; Keith Schimmel, North Carolina A&T State University; Stephen Johnston, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

environmental regulatory systems at the state,national, and international levels are presented. The second course, Application of Energy andEnvironmental Economic Policy Analysis, provides the quantitative economic techniquesnecessary for analyzing energy and environmental projects and issues. The course coversengineering economics techniques for energy project valuation and econometric techniques usedin forecasting the supply of and the demand for energy and environmental services. Presentedherein are details of the content and methods utilized in the courses and student feedback onthem.IntroductionThe Energy & Environmental (EES) Ph.D. program is a new interdisciplinary graduate programat North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dmitriy Garmatyuk, Miami University

them is based on visualizingsoftware (Matlab and Ansoft Designer/HFSS). The students are able to choose to either runnumerous simulations to understand the problem better (most, probably, will), or consider thetheoretical foundations and understand the dependencies before approaching the problem. Thepaper is focused on the description of sample problems and corresponding software test-benches.IntroductionThis paper stems from the project funded under the National Science Foundation’s (NSF)Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI). The project has main emphasis onincreasing students’ motivation for studying electromagnetics by re-developing the course flow.The educational concept to be explored is based on breaking down the course

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Kander, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

. This report from the National Academy of Engineering, written by a group ofdistinguished educators and practicing engineers from diverse backgrounds, includes variousscenarios for the future based on current scientific and technological trends. In addition toidentifying the ideal attributes of the engineer of 2020, the report recommends ways to improvethe training of engineers to prepare them for addressing the complex technical, social, and ethicalquestions raised by emerging technologies.” (1)Another example of a more recent report is from the Millennium Project at the University ofMichigan entitled “Engineering for a Changing World”. (3) Among other conclusions, this reportrecommends the following

Conference Session

Focus on Emerging Topics Around the World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Summers, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

. Employment growth willbe driven by increasing demand for healthcare and social assistance because of an agingpopulation and longer life expectancies. Employment in administrative support and wastemanagement and remediation services is projected to grow by 31 percent and add 2.5million new jobs to the economy by 2014. Service industries have accounted for almostall U.S. job growth since the 1960’s. Wages in the service sector overall have risen fasterthan wages in most other sectors.The Bureau of Labor Statistics has the most complete information concerning IE and IETemployment. Analysis of their data is somewhat limited due to the lack of informationabout job titles or degree types. Another gap in the data concerns the other job titles thatIEs and