Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nabila Shamim, Prairie View A&M University; Anh Nguyen, Prairie View A&M University; Sheena Reeves, Prairie View A&M University; Ariful Bhuiyan

. This project helped reinforce problem-solving in engineering and helped expand our minds on another software that is possibly applicable to a future career. 3. Through this experiment, we have gained insight on how the design process works, how long we can expect our prints to take, and some of the challenges we can expect to confront.Students also comment on self-efficacy, we learned from the 3D printing assignment is that tomake a successful print you have to understand the structural needs of your design and possibleweak points. As we continue offering this course, we will develop new projects and modules to deliverto the students. We also plan to collect and publish more formal assessment data with a

Conference Session

Computers in Education 11 - Modulus 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patriel Stapleton, University of Florida; Jeremiah Blanchard

moderateagreement [28]. After analyzing the preliminary results from thepre-surveys, we planned an experiment where we felt we couldascertain more reliable comparisons. Students were recruited fromthe Design Patterns course and were instructed that they would needan external USB camera as they would be using both the front- Figure 3. Side camera field of view.facing and side-facing camera arrangements. We randomly assigned  students to use either the front-facing camera arrangement andthen side-facing or vice-versa for two consecutive quizzes. Weused the same pre- and post-surveys to collect data and thesame codebook to qualitatively analyze the results as we did inour initial study.After analyzing student responses from all three groups, wenoted

Conference Session

Computers in Education 8 - Video Technology

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Sloan, University of Calgary; Richard Zhao, University of Calgary; Faisal Aqlan, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Hui Yang, Pennsylvania State University; Rui Zhu

different subject areas.Our future work will focus on improving the virtual assistant to work in more complexenvironments. The ultimate goal is to create a virtual assistant that can act as a partner to thestudent in the VR environment, enabling a collaborative group environment. Collaborativeproblem-solving, working alongside a partner to solve a problem, is an important transferableskill. We also plan to recruit engineering students to participate in user studies and collect theiractions, responses, and feedback on the adaptive virtual assistant for further analysis.AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Jed Baker, Emerging Technology Specialist at the Taylor Family DigitalLibrary, University of Calgary, for his support.References[1] C.S. Lyche

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 13: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tami Coronella, Arizona State University

the challenge,considering who else might be facing a similar challenge as well as considering who else couldbe interested in the possible strategy or solution to tackle this challenge. Current students, staff,or faculty reviewed this assignment and provided comments and answers to the students’submissions with their knowledgeable insights and suggestions to improve those strategies, aswell information of resources at the university to improve the strategy. This assignment is used 4later during the first full-semester introductory course as a starting point to define what is calleda 2-year plan that each student define considering their current

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 5: Remote, Hands-On Laboratories

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clark Hochgraf, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET)

language, as compared to abstracting awaythese aspects using third-party hardware or software tools such as LabView, orMATlab/Simulink. Depending on a particular department’s goals, different choices might bemade. However, student comments in course evaluations have echoed the challenge of having tolearn different tools or programming languages in each course indicating that planning forintegrated learning is beneficial to students.Designing the new control system lab kit and associated experiencesFor my control systems course delivered in Fall 2020, a new set of control labs were created basedon a ball on beam experiment. This physics of the system were designed to provide an unstableoscillatory behavior with real-world limits on the physics and

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 2: Enhancing Energy-Related Education with Student Design Projects

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reg Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Ulan Dakeev

Austin in 2021 has changed the game very positively for Texas’economic development. During the preparation of this paper on February 10, 2022, The Bidenadministration’s bipartisan efforts unveiled a major and promising infrastructure plan to awardnearly $5 Billion grant support over five years to build approximately 500,000 EV chargingstations in the United States.PI and Co-PIs of this grant project have started to work with City of Huntsville and TexasDepartment of Transportation officials in July 2021 to determine the feasibility of the projectfield at the Huntsville welcome center. Compared with other states like California, New York,Louisiana, Hawaii, and Colorado where multiple similar projects exist, this proposed project willbe the first

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Interdisciplinary Capstone Projects, Pandemic Adapted Mechatronics Lab, Call for Change

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Quintero, San Francisco State University; Silverio Lopez; Nicolas Perticari Pesci

]. However, not every institution has adistance education program in place while others may only have an online minor educationprogram or certification [4]. COVID-19 pandemic instantaneously impacted the highereducation system where remote learning was no longer an option for both educators andstudents, but more of a necessity [5]. Most universities were not prepared and had to adapt toremote learning practices while causing severe disparity for students of color, students withdisabilities, and students who are caregivers [6]. Thus, pedagogy for remote learning needsevolution to provide a more equitable teaching structure for all participants.Remote learning can be an advantage for a particular degree plan, while it can also be ahindrance. Hands-on

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #11

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quamar Niyaz, Purdue University Northwest; Jansen Tan, Purdue University Northwest; Divya Ravindra, Purdue University Northwest; Sidike Paheding, Michigan Technological University; Ahmad Javaid, The University of Toledo

modules have not been deployed for use in a realcourse, undergraduate or otherwise. We have plan to evaluate these modules in an undergraduatelevel OS course in Fall’22 and Spring’23. Various details will emerge from practical use andexperience. Our reference implementations also have a few limitations that will be released in thefuture updates of the modules along with the students’ feedback.References1. Ralph Langner, "Stuxnet: Dissecting a cyberwarfare weapon." IEEE Security & Privacy Vol. 9, No. 3, pp 49-51, 2011.2. Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Pipeline_ransomware_attack, Accessed Feb 15, 2022.3. Lee Mathews, Florida Water Plant

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 1: Experiential Learning in Fluids, Structures, and Course/Lab Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Biswas, The University of Texas at Tyler; Ola Al-Shalash, University of Texas at Tyler; Nael Barakat, The University of Texas at Tyler

impeded during the pandemic due to the utilization of the newdevice. The system will continue to be implemented face-to-face with option of remote accessavailable in future course offerings. Such a remote laboratory experience has shown great potentialto complement and even enhance experiential learning experience of students in a laboratory course.Future plans include building and integrating more similar experimental devices and setups toenhance our preparedness for the unknown.IntroductionEmploying experiential learning methods is an effective way to teach and develop capable studentsin STEM careers. The literature shows numerous examples of hands-on experience being utilizedby educators and proving to be of the most effective modes to teach

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Butkus, United States Military Academy; Ariana Hinckley-Boltax, Tufts University; Kathryn Newhart, United States Military Academy; Andrew Pfluger, United States Military Academy

) contaminated a sandy soil with benzene on the East shore of Lake Liebig. As part of the planned remediation scheme, the benzene will be removed with a soil vapor extraction (SVE) system and burned in an incinerator. A group of citizens has vowed to stop the project because they are concerned about children on a school playground 1-km directly downwind from the site. Students must determine if the cancer risk at the playground is acceptable when the incinerator achieves or exceeds the Environmental Protection Agency’s destruction removal efficiency. Figure 1. Sketch of the Overarching Quantitative Problem2. Create an overarching puzzle that will be completed in parallel with the quantitative problem. A crossword puzzle was used to

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Appiah-Kubi, University of Dayton; Melissa McCabe, University of Dayton; Vincent Lewis, University of Dayton; Rebecca Blust, University of Dayton; James Brothers, University of Dayton; Phil Doepker

course.The director of the program developed weekly content for the courses. The mini-course consistedof a weekly lecture series with innovation and entrepreneurship topics. About two-thirds of thetopics covered in fall 2021 were adopted from Engineering Entrepreneurship from Idea toBusiness Plan: A Guide for Innovative Engineers and Scientists by Paul M Swamidass. A total of11 lecture series were hosted with 14 different speakers. After each lecture series, the director leadsa 15 to 20 minutes reflection session for the student to reflect and also submit a half-page reflectionpaper later.As part of the mini-course, the students also read a book (Steve Jobs - by Walter Isaacson)throughout the semester. Unlike traditional academic texts, which are

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Panel 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jackson Otto; Greg Strimel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Todd Kelley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Sherylyn Briller

Reject Solve difficult problems or explore complex issues in original ways 4.44 4.98 -2.845 .004 RejectIntegrated Communication Fulfill assignments by choosing a format, language, or graph that enhances meaning 4.22 4.82 -2.606 .009 Reject Make clear the interdependence of language and meaning, thought, and expression 4.31 4.85 -2.706 .007 RejectReflection and Self-Assessment Envision a future self 4.35 5.13 -3.879 .000 Reject Make plans that build on past experiences that have occurred across multiple and diverse contexts

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Pfluger, United States Military Academy; Stephanie Laughton, The Citadel

provides in-depth study ofseveral ABET Program Criteria.2 West Point courses that have hands-on laboratory experiments are discussed in Section 3.3.3 Environmental Policy and Regulations are covered in almost every West Point course, to include: EV301, EV394(Hydrogeology & Hydraulic Design), EV396, EV397 (Air Pollution Engineering), EV401 (Physical & Chemical Treatment),EV402 (Biochemical Treatment), EV481 (Water Resource Planning and Design), EV488, and XS391.3.4. Majors Commands and Military Occupational Specialties Relevant to EnvironmentalEngineeringThe U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Navy have major commands directly responsible forthe design and execution of civil and environmental engineering works. More specifically, theU.S

Conference Session

LEES 5: Preparing and Practicing Culturally and Ethically Sensitive Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Cech, University of Michigan; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Elana Goldenkoff, University of Michigan; Teanne Davis, University of Michigan

effects of training engineering students on their publicwelfare responsibilities for how engineering professionals think about and plan to respond toethical dilemmas of engineering design.BackgroundEngineers’ Responsibilities to Public WelfareThe engineering profession holds social and sometimes legal monopolies on entire areas ofknowledge production and the design, development, and maintenance of ubiquitoussociotechnical systems. As a result, the profession holds accompanying responsibilities forupholding the health and safety of the public it serves [4, 5]. These responsibilities are mostclearly articulated in engineering codes of ethics [6]. For example, IEEE’s Code of Ethics reads: We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the

Conference Session

WIED: Community

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elodie Billionniere, Miami Dade Community College; Farzana Rahman, Syracuse University

otherattendees and presenters, the importance of networking, and the ways in which an intentionalnetwork of support is meaningful as they further their pursuits in the field. • Balance personal obligations with education/career • Relearn the art of learning Academic & Industry Barriers • Stay current in the EmTech fields • Navigate through bias and lack of sensitivity toward diversity • Implement effective mentoring • Increase practical work opportunities Recommend Plan of Action

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Rabb, The Citadel; Ronald Welch, The Citadel; Alyson Eggleston, The Citadel

demographic if they are aware of their skills andexperiences. This paper presents some of the issues and concerns of active duty and veteranspursuing an engineering degree compared to their traditional student counterparts wheninstitutions pivot to alternative instructional delivery, specifically Hyflex.BackgroundIn spring 2020, COVID rapidly transformed higher education practices which, for manyinstitutions, resulted in the adoption of a Hyflex lecture model. Planning for fall 2020 began inApril. With unknown COVID restrictions and rules for fall 2020, The Citadel pursued a means toallow for simultaneous teaching face-to-face, synchronous learning for those available, andasynchronous learning options for those quarantined or not available for the

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cristian Robbins, United States Military Academy; Michael Butkus, United States Military Academy; Andrew Pfluger, United States Military Academy

12 9395*Note: Course titles for each course number shown in Tables A1-A3 are listed below: • EV301: Environmental Science for Engineers and Scientists • EV394: Hydrogeology/Hydraulic Systems • EV396: Environmental Biological Systems • XS391: Principles and Applications of Environmental Chemistry • EV397: Air Pollution Engineering • EV401: Physical and Chemical Treatment • EV402: Biochemical Treatment • EV481: Water Resources Planning and Design • EV488: Solid and Hazardous Waste Treatment and Remediation • EV490: Environmental Engineering Design • EV491: Advanced Environmental Engineering Design Table A2. Data collected from curriculum to evaluate sub-goal #2 of Grand Challenge #1

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 3: Design of Novel Energy-Related Courses and Course Materials

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Walz, Madison Area Technical College; Andrew McMahan, Central Carolina Community College; Gabrielle Temple; Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons

) professionaldevelopment budgets for teachers, probably also serve significant low-income and under-represented student populations. This creates a challenge for organizations like ASEE andvenues like the ASEE conference. Promoting a diverse and inclusive community of facultyparticipants will be complicated by the fact that so many educators lack access to funds forprofessional memberships, conference registrations, and/or travel costs.RecommendationsThe data from this survey can help faculty and educational leaders plan how to adapt courses andeducational programs to address emerging energy trends and to embed various new technologiesinto their curriculum. Engineering, engineering technology and energy education programs of alltypes would be wise to study the

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanja Greene, Marian University

information from a wide variety of sources to develop their own answer to a questionor to provide a solution to a problem that they have identified through their own research.[10]Checkpoints are in place to monitor students’ progress and to provide feedback. A topic ofinterest will be chosen and then research conducted looking into what others have done with thattopic of interest. Through that research, a hypothesis will be formulated, and then differentmethods, or experiments, will be planned to test that hypothesis. This project will involvereading research/scientific articles, and then applying their knowledge of physics, skills, andimagination, students build on these items and then propose something worth exploring further.The purpose of the

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Hernandez-Sanchez, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Sally Macias-Gonzalez, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Erick Iturbe-Sanchez; Armando BarragÁN-Cruz, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Luis Hernandez Carrasco, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM)

knowledge learned in class could beapplied in a "real life" or "daily" context. The authors interpret that the fact that studentsconstantly mention their personal environment is an indicator that they find a relationshipbetween the topics and their applicability or usefulness to their own context. This perceptionof students is a fundamental factor in the planning of similar activities. It should be noted thatthe bridge that served as an inspiration for this activity was being built very close to theCampus. The professors emphasized that the design, calculations and procedures that werebeing carried out were very similar to those that were being used in the real construction site.It can be noted that the activity has prevailed over traditional

Conference Session

Remediation and Curricular Changes to Improve Student Learning and Outcomes

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alberth Alvarado; Jose Portillo; Byron Linares Roman

-discipline and self-motivation from the students. When a student is not guided in his learning process and lacks discipline, he may not fully engage in the course content. To mitigate this difficulty a study plan may be designed for MATH 101 by setting well- defined daily tasks and weekly goals e.g., establishing a minimum number of modules to be completed per day or week. Since MATH 101 is an introductory course, it is essential to monitor the students periodically while keeping track of their progress. This task requires one or more teaching assistants depending on the group size, but the extra costs involved are worth it. To conclude the discussion, in future versions of MATH 101, we are interested in introducing some of the well-known

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Innovating New Ways to Teach

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth; Scott Hamilton, York College of Pennsylvania; Camilla Saviz, University of the Pacific; Tanya Kunberger, Florida Gulf Coast University

and environmental engineering disciplines, 33% were from otherengineering disciplines, 7% were from outside of engineering, and 24% did not specify adiscipline, but provided other data. This paper discusses the results from this study, presents areview of relevant current literature, and explains plans for future work.BackgroundMany faculty in civil engineering, and we suspect other engineering disciplines, became awareof learning styles theory through Richard Felder’s work [1, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Since 1999, over 1000faculty members in the civil engineering education community have been introduced to theconcept of learning styles as a result of their participation in the American Society of CivilEngineers (ASCE) Excellence in Civil Engineering

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Student Growth

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andre Montes; Sofia Arevalo; Grace O'Connell, University of California, Berkeley

program,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 142, no. 11, 2020. [7] E. Dolan and D. Johnson, “Toward a holistic view of undergraduate research experiences: An exploratory study of impact on graduate/postdoctoral mentors,” Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 487–500, 2009. [8] C. R. Madan, B. D. Teitge et al., “The benefits of undergraduate research: The student’s perspective,” The mentor: An academic advising journal, vol. 15, pp. 1–3, 2013. [9] J. C. Hearn, “Impacts of undergraduate experiences on aspirations and plans for graduate and professional education,” Research in Higher Education, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 119–141, 1987.[10] S. H. Russell, M. P. Hancock, and J. McCullough, “Benefits of

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 2: Peer Mentoring/Learning, Teaching Assistants, and Career Mentorship

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Harichandran, University of New Haven; Nadiye Erdil, University of New Haven; Stephanie Gillespie, University of New Haven

to know each other. School life was discussed by many in the First Year Program. The results of conversation topics recorded by both Forbes [16] and Anderson [7] in industry mentorship programs show similar trends, with a significant portion of the conversations focused on getting to know the mentor/mentee or personal background, and other common topics including networking, the student’s career plans, and academics. The number of flags raised by mentors related to various issues are shown in Figure 5. The greatest number of flags raised by professional mentors in the Career Program were related to mentees difficulty finding internships and jobs. We know that this was a particularly acute problem during the Covid-19 pandemic. A

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Thompson, Loras College

areultimately asked to evaluate the performance of the meter regarding the overall energy loss of themeter.IntroductionIn the field of engineering, it is important for students to understand the engineering paradigmthat moves from design, to simulations, and finally to physical testing. Simulations are animportant tool to initially evaluate a design since they are relatively low cost compared to lab orfield tests and facilitate quicker iteration [1]. The simulations can then be used to develop atesting plan that can be implemented in the laboratory to complete the evaluation of a design.Students must also be trained to recognize that simulations are not reality and thus experimentalresults might differ from simulation results. When results from a

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Perspectives on Engineering Ethics Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Jesiek, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Stephanie Claussen, San Francisco State University; Carla Zoltowski, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Dayoung Kim, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Lazlo Stepback, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

survey measures that were revised or added for the ER2 project. For thosewishing to learn more about either of these two studies, we recommend previous papers thatdescribe our study designs and methods in much more detail [11], [17], [18].Figure 2. Expanded study design and research plan for follow-on ER2 research projectPart 1: Summary of Previous FindingsThe results summarized below are drawn from the first of the two aforementioned projects (CCESTEM), which used a longitudinal, mixed-methods study design to investigate studentperceptions of engineering ethics, social responsibility, and related concepts. In brief, theseresults center on repeat survey responses from students (namely, complete sets of three surveyresponses from n = 226 students

Conference Session

CPDD Technical Session 2 - Trends in Student and Faculty Support

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veronica Jara-Troncoso, Universidad Andres Bello; Cristian Saavedra-Acuna, Universidad Andres Bello; Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello

Production management Logistics Management Operations research Production Planning Manufacturing processes Industrial Engineering Issues Strategic management Strategic management Organizational Management English English I English II English III Information Technology Information systems management Information technology Own elaboration.According to the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Integration of Engineering and/or Technical Rigor with Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Justice (DEIJ)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shinae Jang, University of Connecticut

. Theinstructor also invited students to use the rear part of the classroom so that they can use anyposture while not disrupting other students’ learning.An important consideration of implementing UDI is to facilitate and promote the learning ofneurodivergent populations. Student perceptions surveyed from the formative and summativeevaluations indicated that the re-design components were positively received by students. Theoverall goal of the re-design is to accommodate all kinds of neurodiversity through UDIprinciples assuming everyone has different learning styles, and continuous re-design effort isplanned with more data measurement and systematic research.The initial re-design procedure took one year; planning meeting and workshop in Spring 2020

Conference Session

WIED: Support for All in the WIED Community

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Cali Anicha, North Dakota State University; Brianna Blaser, University of Washington; Sheryl Burgstahler; Cecilia Aragon, University of Washington; Teresa Shume, North Dakota State University

is also Dale Hogoboom Professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Wyoming. She holds additional degrees from Middle East Technical University (B.S.), Bilkent University (M.S.), and University of Wyoming (M.S.). Dr. Bilen-Green’s primary teaching and research interest is in quality engineering and management of people systems. She served as lead investigator and director of the National Science Foundation funded ADVANCE FORWARD Institutional Transformation program and the ADVOCATE FORWARD PLAN-D partnership project. Dr. Bilen-Green formed, led, and/or served on various institutional committees including Commission of the Status of Women Faculty, Women with

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria-isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven; Nadiye Erdil, University of New Haven; Ronald Harichandran, University of New Haven; Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven

Testing Concepts Through Customer Engagement 7 Adapting a Business to a Changing Climate 8 Cost of Production and Market Conditions COP 9 Role of Product in Value Creation 10 Determining Market Risks 11 Financing a Business 12 Defining and Protecting Intellectual Property IP Developing a Business Plan that Addresses 13 Stakeholder Interests, Market Potential and Economics Organizational, Professional and Behavioral Abbreviation