Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Ledlie Klosky, United States Military Academy; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

of theuser’s choosing. Professors at other institutions have produced similar videos by videotapingworking problems on a chalkboard9 or Tablet PC10. We have not found any need for editing. Ifthere are minor errors that the instructor corrects while making the video, we do not believe thetime necessary to edit them out is warranted. We have approached this project with the idea thatthe videos need to remain “real” and not “sterile.” Using the instructor’s own handwriting andretaining minor mistakes maintains some of the “realness” of the video and makes it moreinteresting to watch. Some of the videos were made by writing on a blank piece of virtual paper,which resulted in a viewing experience similar to watching a problem unfold in class on

Conference Session

Design Cognition

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed El-Sayed, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Page 14.547.2among engineers and researchers there has not been an in depth study for the relationshipbetween realization and design. By using the word realization, in product realization, to meanbeing in physical reality through production the contribution of design and its relation torealization is usually lost. To understand this relationship in depth, however, it is important tounderstand what the term realization actually means. Webster's Dictionary describes some of theuse of the verb to realize as [1]: to make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into theactual; to bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to realize a scheme or project. Anothersource [2], reflecting the current use of word, defines realization as

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen High, Oklahoma State University; Rebecca Damron, Oklahoma State University

students and teaching science to education professionals. Dr. High is a trainer for Project Lead the Way pre-Engineering. She initiated an engineering program at Stillwater Middle School. In the summer of 2008, Dr. High was part of a professional development workshop for 80 Northeast Oklahoma middle level teachers to develop integrated engineering curriculum.Rebecca Damron, Oklahoma State University REBECCA DAMRON earned her B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1987 in South Asian Studies, her M.A. in Teaching English as a Second Language in 1992 from Oklahoma State University, and her Ph.D. in Linguistics in 1997 from Oklahoma State University. Dr. Damron worked in the

Conference Session

Understanding Students: Recruiting, Retention, Enrichment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johannes Strobel, Purdue University; Inez Hua, Purdue University; Constance Harris, Purdue University; Jun Fang, Purdue University; Lindsey Tracy, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

multiple countries, to ourknowledge, differences between students from different countries were not explored. Thus, wealso explored the impact of U.S. versus non-U.S. perspectives on student knowledge. Hypotheses:H0: There is no difference in the knowledge scores between U.S. and foreign studentsHA: There is a difference in the knowledge scores between U.S. and foreign studentsThe data were subject to Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances. The project team failed toreject the null hypotheses for all categories of environmental knowledge; there is no difference inknowledge scores between U.S. and foreign students. It appears that first-year engineeringstudents at Purdue University have similar perspectives on the environment, regardless

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elton Graves, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

SystemWe also have a mass that consist of several squares of aluminum. With this particular mass wecan show the effects of viscous damping by using squares of different sizes. When the largersquares are used it is obvious that there is more viscous damping as the mass stops vibrating a lotsooner than when only smaller squares are used. As one can see from the picture below we caneasily interchange the metal squares. This allows us to do several different cases quite quickly.This setup also allows us to set up a project where the students try to actually calculate thedamping coefficient for the spring mass system. The students are given the apparatus shownabove and a two meter stick. Their job is to find the spring constant for the spring, weight

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Strategies in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy Ernst, North Carolina State University; Aaron Clark, North Carolina State University; Alice Scales, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

, 166-175. 3. Knowles, M., Holton, E., & Swanson, R. (1998). The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult Page 14.16.7 education and human resource development. Burlington, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing.4. Johari, A.& Bradshaw, A.C. (2008). Project-based learning in an internship program: A qualitative study of related roles and their motivational attributes. Education Technology Research and Development. 56(3), 329-359.5. Vansteenkiste, M., Timmermans, T., Lens, W., Soenens, B., & Van den Broeck, A. (2008). Does extrinsic goal framing enhance extrinsic goal-oriented individuals

Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for NEEs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Murray, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Elizabeth Cudney, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Suzanna Long, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Katie Grantham Lough, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

. Grantham Lough served as a research scientist for 21st Century Systems where she has added risk assessment techniques to their existing defense software products. Also, she was involved with projects to identify both hardware and software failures in mechatronic systems. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at UMR in 2005. Dr. Grantham Lough’s current research interests are product design theory and methodology, sustainable design, as well as failure and risk identification and mitigation. Page 14.1367.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 What New Faculty

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, State University of New York, Oswego; Rachid Manseur, State University of New York, Oswego; Thomas Doyle, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

AC 2009-556: SYNERGISTIC LEARNING ENVIRONMENT USINGBLACKBOARD LEARNING CELLSAdrian Ieta, State University of New York, OswegoRachid Manseur, State University of New York, OswegoThomas Doyle, McMaster University Thomas E. Doyle holds a Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering Science (2006) from The University of Western Ontario, Canada. He also holds a B.E.Sc. in Electrical and Computer Engineering, a B.Sc. in Computer Science, and an M.E.Sc in Electrical and Computer Engineering from The University of Western Ontario. He worked on industrial projects with PlasSep Ltd, within the Applied Electrostatics Research Centre and the Digital Electronics Research Group at The University of Western

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hinton, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

external, viewed positively or negatively?On the other hand, the administrators are also faced with similar questions regarding the progressand performance of young faculty members. These questions inc lude : What are the importantmetrics that need to be measured and tracked1-4 ? How can you measure the respect of a facultymember in their professional community? How can a faculty member’s contribution be separatedfrom a collaborative project or grant? Finally, most administrators need to understand if thefaculty member is developing a sustainable research program that will not only lead to tenureand promotion but also keep them active and prod uctive unt il they achieve the rank of fullprofessor.The purpose of this paper is to describe a visual

Conference Session

Professional Development in Materials Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kalan Kucera, University of Kentucky; John Balk

Tagged Divisions

Materials

that the instructor hasa much larger scope for instruction than was suspected at the onset of this project and theevaluation system will change accordingly. The questions for these surveys mainlyfocused on students’ prior knowledge of iron and steel science and industry, as well astheir interest in them. Two questions given in the first survey were: Do you know of any steel plants in the area or in the U.S., and can you describe any of the products that they make? In 1-2 sentences, describe your impressions of the steel industry.Two questions from the second survey were: Did the presentation pique your interest in any particular area of ferrous materials engineering, e.g. processing, property testing, or

Conference Session

History of Aerospace Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Eberhardt, Boeing Company; Lee Jonathan, Boeing Company; Adam Bruckner, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

work with Bill Boeingon the wind tunnel project, Millerresigned from the University in thesummer of 1917 to become ChiefEngineer at the newly renamed BoeingAirplane Company.6 Concurrent with this turn ofevents, the Mechanical Engineering Fig. 2 The Boeing Wind Tunnel at the University ofdepartment began a search for a new Washington (c.1918). Clairmont Egtvedt isfaculty member to implement and third from left. This facility is still in use butinstruct a complete aeronautics with a modern 3’x3’ wind tunnel inside.curriculum. This search led to thehiring of Frank McKone for the 1917-1918 academic year. The curriculum that McKoneorganized

Conference Session

Research and Education in Radiation and Radiologic

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheldon Landsberger, University of Texas, Austin; Ofodike Ezekoye, University of Texas, Austin; David Hearnsberger, University of Texas, Austin; Rose Stiffin, Florida Memorial University; Michael Elliott, Florida Memorial University; Dimitri Tamalis, Florida Memorial University; Carlos Handy, Texas Southern University; Elena Stefanova, Texas Southern University; Muchere Russ, Huston-Tilliston

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

to provide a line of coursework, (among other subjects) in physics, environmentalradioactivity, radiation protection and dosimetry, and radiation detection. Currently, this is theonly program that exists in the Houston area that can provide instruction at the undergraduateand graduate level in health physics. This is especially important considering the South TexasNuclear Project, owned by NRG Services, is potentially the largest employer of health physicistsin the region and their need will grow as two additional nuclear reactors are added to this site. Page 14.670.6While this program is academically rigorous, the practical application of

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arnaldo Mazzei, Kettering University; Richard Scott, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. MAPLE® is then introduced via examples,i.e., worksheets are shown and discussed for problems solved in the board. Students learn basicoperations with the software, and tutorials, as well as a great amount of examples, are madeavailable via the courses / authors web site. In some instances Teaching Assistants are used inthe courses for more challenging assignments.Some of these examples are currently used by the authors in the classroom. The problems arediscussed and then numerical solutions are shown and analyzed. In other instances, a problem isgiven as an assignment and a numerical solution utilizing MAPLE® is required. In the dynamicsclass at the University of Michigan computer projects are common. For instance, a probleminvolving friction

Conference Session

Panel: Effecting Change in Higher Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priscilla Nelson, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Theresa Hunt, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Cherrice Traver, Union College; Pamela Eibeck, Texas Tech; Zulma Toro-Ramos, Wichita State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Mary Roth, Lafayette College; delcie durham, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

professional degrees. Prospective graduate students often perceive the lengthy time-to-degree and the rigid “path” for degree completion as limiting to their futures. Several discussants referenced the alternative options industry collaboration may provide, e.g., the Professional PhD, wherein graduate students would spend a more abbreviated period within the classroom and enter the field while being “co-mentored” by academe and industry to complete dissertation or research projects. ≠ Address impacts of climate issues on graduate students and education. Increasing the “visibility” of women faculty and fostering faculty-student interaction may help retain women graduate students. Developing cohorts

Conference Session

Laboratories in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl Spezia, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

?”, Proceeding of ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2002, Online: http://soa.asee.org/paper/conference/paper-view.cfm?id=17805.3. João Palma, Luis Lacerda, José Antunes, Filomena Simoes, “ A Multipurpose Process Simulator for Automation Engineering Laboratory”, IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics, July 7-11, 1997, Vol. 3, pp. 931-935.4. Antonio M. Lopez, Victor M. Gonzalez, Jose M. Enguita, Felipe Mateos, Antonio Robles, “Software Tools for Helping with the Design and Implementation of Automation Projects”, Proceeding of 31st ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Oct. 10-13, 2001, pp. F4C-12-F4C-17.5. J. Flochova, D. Mudroncik, “Industrial Control Software Teaching at the Department of ACS FEI STU”, Online

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

ansgar neuenhofer, California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

calculating the element stiffness matrix in the Appendix. Stiffness and maxi-mum stress of the perforated beam are compared to the corresponding values for a beam withoutholes obtained from conventional beam theory. Students experiment with a brute force method ofmeshing around the holes by starting with a finite element mesh of the solid beam and then cal-culating the distance from the center of each circle to the midpoint of all elements. Only thoseelements are retained in the analysis whose midpoint lies outside of all circles. If the finite ele-ment mesh is fine, this extraordinary simple and efficient procedure, which constitutes a particu-lar highlight of this project, approximates the circles well (see Fig. 3). A summary of the corres

Conference Session

Widgets, Add-ons, Toolbars, and Videos: Web 2.0 Tools for Searching, Managing, and Teaching about Engineering Literature and Information

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Wohrley, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

thelibrary tradition of honing one’s database searching skills on the standard tools of the computerworld: hardware, software, and the network.The Firefox Open Source browser allows customization through what it calls add-ons (alsocalled extensions). Mozilla was originally formed from the ruins of Netscape, a pioneeringbrowser that was seen off by Internet Explorer. Before it died, Netscape relicensed its browseras Open Source. It became the Mozilla Project and Firefox was the browser. The bare-bonesnature of the original Firefox led to a virtuous circle where the released browser became popular,the developers took advantage of the easily installable add-ons to create more add-ons andfeatures, and the popularity of the add-ons lead to more people

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kati Wilson, Texas A&M University; Ana Elisa Goulart, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

drivenby the need in our program to update its electronics and telecommunications curriculum to teachpacket-based communications. We have discussed the different areas that students are mostlycurious about, and as future work we plan to develop these other areas as well. Otherexperiments (along with updated lecture contents) will include wireless networks and securityissues under this VoIP initiative umbrella.References1. Bur Goode, “Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP),” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 9, pp. 1495-1517, September 2002.2. Goulart, A., “Voice over IP – VoIP”, http:// www.matec.org/convention/archive2008/presentations_2008.htm.3. Goulart, A., A project on combining laboratory and simulation experiments on Voice over IP

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Mechanical Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hakan Gurocak, Washington State University, Vancouver; Linda Chen, Washington State University Vancouver; Dave Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver; Amir Jokar, Washington State University, Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

and indirect assessment of studentperformance, systematic data collection, assembly, analysis and evaluation. Furthermore, theprogram must demonstrate that there is a continuous improvement process in place. For newprograms or existing programs, transition to this new outcomes-based approach can be difficult.At many institutions the program outcomes are assessed using various rubrics. Course content ismapped directly to the program outcomes and student grades are used to show the level ofachievement of the program outcomes. Faculty course assessment reports are used to measureand document the program outcomes3,4,5. Capstone courses are where culminating projects aregiven to the students. Therefore, sometimes these courses are used either to

Conference Session

Engaging Students in Learning

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Wanda Worley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Terri Talbert-Hatch, Indiana University; Mark Bannatyne, Purdue University; Sheila Walter, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Elizabeth Wager, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

administrators must determine the extent or severity of the situation, andprovide interventions accordingly. One framework for such decision-making is establishingwhether the condition represents an isolated incident, a pattern-of-behavior, or a systemicproblem.An isolated incident is typically a one-time occurrence, and may be either a mistake orintentional. An example of an isolated incident would be a student on a rare occasion arriving toclass late. A Pattern-of-behavior is defined as repeated offences, usually with increasinglynegative impacts on the student or others. As example of a pattern-of-behavior would be astudent’s inability to get along with classmates on project work teams in several classes. Finally,a systemic problem is manifested in

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Faculty E421 was changed to have different analytical models for different disciplines or tasks.29 (Contractors, consultant, project, process, etc.) Faculty, Spring Fall 2005 students 2005 TG 401 and TG 501 were added to the EM section of the ACE assessment website30 Faculty Fall 2004 Fall 2005 As part of the process of combining EM 366 with EM 365, space was opened up in the31 curriculum for a new course. The new course EM 351 Management of

Conference Session

Freshman Experience in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Meyer, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; H. Oner Yurtseven, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

websources. The other instructs students in how to use the library databases for research purposes.The library exercises form the research component of the final, collaborative project – a researchpaper - done in the course. Much of the latter part of the semester is directed toward thecompletion of the final research paper. We do a brief instruction in teamwork skills that isdesigned to assist them in working with others. In essentially all of our developing competencepedagogy the assignments and learning objectives remain the same for both our engineering andtechnology groups. Differences may occur due to different characteristics in cohorts of students.These may include such things as SAT or ACT scores, class rank, and high school GPA.In the area

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Max Rabiee, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Engineering Education ̇ Traveling Energy Education Exhibition in cooperation with the Cincinnati Museum Center ̇ Development of permanent Energy Education Exhibition at the Cincinnati Museum Center ̇ Technology conferences for alternative energy and industry development ̇ Career center for power generation industry ̇ Career center for power distribution and control industry ̇ Community Outreach for conservation projects – Cincinnati Go Green effort Ü CAS Online – expansion – provide course content for distance learning in this sectorFuture Plans:Duke Energy and the UC College of Applied Science have a demonstrated long and

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Alvarado, Texas A&M University; Michael Golla, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

) from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez; MS (2000) and PhD (2004) degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Michael Golla, Texas A&M University Prof. Michael Golla is a lecturer in the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution at Texas A&M University. He teaches courses in the areas of mechanical power and fluid power technology. Prof. Golla’s interests are in manufacturing systems, entrepreneurship, engineering project management, and process improvement. He received his BS degree in engineering technology (1997), and a MBA (2002) from Texas A&M University. He has worked for several

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Leopold, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Daniel Tauritz, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

atMissouri University of Science and Technology. The principal conclusion is that it is imperativeto the success of this type of program to provide a mechanism for frequently collecting feedbackin order to prioritize and schedule activities to best meet the needs of participants.IntroductionThe National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded project “A Program to Facilitate ScholasticAchievement in Computer Science, Engineering, and Mathematics” at Missouri University ofScience and Technology (Missouri S&T) ran from August 15, 2004 through July 31, 2009. Thegoals of this program were to address: (1) the decline in the number of students pursuing degreesin mathematics, computer science, and engineering, and (2) the minimal rate of low-incomestudents

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amendra Koul, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Keith Hoover, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Vysakh Sivarajan, Missouri University of Science and Technology; JianJian Song, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Edward Wheeler, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Drewniak, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2009-351: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CHARACTERISTICIMPEDANCE CALCULATORAmendra Koul, Missouri University of Science and Technology Amendra Koul received his B.Tech in electronics and communication from Vellore Institute of Technology in Vellore, India in 2006 and is currently pursuing his M.S. in electrical engineering from Missouri University of Science and Technology. He won the second place in the IEEE India Council best student paper contest 2004. From Jan’06 to June’06 he was selected on a scholarship to pursue his undergraduate project in electromagnetic compatibility laboratory in ESIGELEC France. From July 2006 to July 2007, he was working with Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. in

Conference Session

History of Aerospace Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas, Austin; Mark Maughmer, Penn State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

combine several measures such as homework, projects,participation, quizzes, and examinations. The effectiveness of these measures is often studiedwith the most emphasis placed on the validity and reliability of the statistical reporting.Determining validity is difficult and since most professors who create these measures are nottesting experts, a practical approach is to use content validity (content represents an adequatesampling of what was taught). The difficulty of the questions is of concern as well, for as Stennerpointed out, “If you don’t know why this question is harder than that one, then you don’t knowwhat you are measuring.”9 By looking at the difficulty of exam questions, you should be able todevelop questions of higher content

Conference Session

Engineering Education in India, Central and Eastern Asia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Creese, West Virginia University; M. Adithan, Vellore Institue of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

take up innovative project works and funding them. 7) Mandatory industrial training for a period of 4 to 6 weeks during summer months and the requirement for students to maintain an Industrial Training Diary. 8) Continuous training and professional development of faculty through the Academic Staff College of VIT University. 9) Organizing guest lectures, conferences, symposia, workshops and seminars in emerging areas of technology as well as on recent trends in the existing technologies by visiting professors, scientists, and practicing engineers from industry. 10) Higher emoluments and performance incentives for faculty and staff.Conclusions The goals of VIT University are to become a Centre of Excellence and a

Conference Session

International Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuo-Hung Tseng, Meiho Institute of Technology; Chi-Cheng Chang, National Taipei University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

give it a high evaluation because I applied to the all subjects. A5323 ” for the value ofmapping think it has more benefits than ”I grade concept mapping 80 because it concept mappinginstruction? shortcoming. I grade it an 80.” utilizes power point and animation to instruction B6183 activate the content. It deserves a high-middle level evaluation. A6285 ”9. “Concept mapping can be extended to “It made my project more interesting than Student agree the

Conference Session

Measuring Success of Graduate Program Components

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lokesh Padhye, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gretchen Goldman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Nadia Szeinbaum, Georgia Institute of Technology; Scott Rogers, Georgia Institute of Technology; Recep Goktas, Georgia Institute of Technology; Zohre Kurt, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies