Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Richard Helps

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

knowledge of the field and also investconsiderable effort and resources in updating their technical curricula and laboratories toaccommodate these new developments in their field. Therefore instructional design in thisenvironment needs to respond to this continually changing technical landscape. Page 15.1109.1On the other hand, faculty tenure and promotion decisions in computing disciplines arefrequently based on successful research and peer-reviewed publication. Upgrading curricula isseldom well recognized and rewarded for faculty in higher education academic environments.Thus, updating of curricula places additional stress on busy faculty members

Conference Session

College-Industry Partnerships: Bringing Industry into the Curriculum Development and Design Cycle

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

College-Industry Partnerships

. Carrying out laboratory experiments and generating experimental data, visiting aproject site, and using pencil and paper to produce a schematic, are gradually fading away. Thesetraditional tools were instrumental in developing an engineering common sense. It is argued herethat generating data from physical models is potentially a great learning tool, particularly whenthe model is built by the students. Building a model, testing a model, generating physical datafrom the model, and analyzing said data, help students alternate between inductive andconductive processes, thus broadening their design vision and their understanding of theexperimental approach to engineering design. There is potentially a real need to research theways to teach engineering

Conference Session

Technological Literacy for K-12 and for Community College Students: Concepts, Assessment, and Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen O'Brien, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

galore. This will require a level of technological, quantitativeand scientific literacy. One might call this STEM-literacy, where the literacy level not onlyincludes literacy in each on the four components but also in how the four components worksynergistically together. Additionally, technology/engineering can provide valuablecontextual education settings resulting in effective learning (of math, science and “non-technical” subjects like history, social studies and language arts). At our institution, TheCollege of New Jersey (TCNJ), it was felt that an effective place to impact technologicalliteracy, as well as increase the effectiveness of teaching and learning is with future K-5teachers. So, approximately 10 years ago a multidisciplinary

Conference Session

Student Learning and Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati, Kettering University; Enayat Mahajerin, Saginaw Valley State University; Anca Sala, Baker College Of Flint

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

MatLAB involve using matrix algebra for most part to solve the equations obtained byeither direct stiffness method or by energy methods for 1D and 2D problems. CAE tools involvemodeling components that involve simple or complex geometry, and solving those using SOLIDEDGE/UG/ANSYS/IDEAS software. Results of assessment will be presented in the form ofcharts and tables and discussed in detail. A sample assessment and evaluation form will also beincluded in the paper.IntroductionMore and more universities are teaching basics of finite element analysis at the undergraduatelevel with more emphasis on theory at the graduate level. For the undergraduates though, thereshould be a balanced approach between basic theory coverage and more simulations

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Michael Mauk, Drexel University; Yueh-Ting Yang, Drexel University; Robin Kizirian, Drexel University; Yongjin Kwon, Ajou University

AC 2010-1936: ON-LINE SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT USINGLABVIEW AND VISION METHOD FOR E-QUALITY CONTROLRichard Chiou, Drexel UniversityMichael Mauk, Drexel UniversityYueh-Ting Yang , Drexel UniversityRobin Kizirian , Drexel UniversityYongjin Kwon, Ajou University Page 15.920.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 On-line Surface Roughness Measurement using LabVIEW and Vision Method for E-Quality ControlAbstractThe annual results of laboratory development under an NSF, CCLI sponsored project,“CCLI Phase II: E-Quality for Manufacturing (EQM) Integrated with Web-enabledProduction Systems for Engineering Technology Education” (NSF Award # 0618665

Conference Session

Implementing the CE BOK into Courses and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Benzley, Brigham Young University; Ronald Terry, Brigham Young University; Rollin Hotchkiss, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2010-239: ACHIEVING CIVIL ENGINEERING BOK2 OUTCOMES OFGLOBALIZATION, LEADERSHIP, PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICALRESPONSIBILITY AND TEAM WORK IN A GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSSteven Benzley, Brigham Young University Steven E. Benzley obtained BES and MS degrees in Civil Engineering from Brigham Young University and a PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Davis. He was a member of the technical staff at Sandia National Laboratories. Since 1980 he has been on the faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Brigham Young University. He has also served as Associate Dean of the BYU College of Engineering and Technology, Associate Dean of BYU Honors and General Education, and is

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taylor Martin, University of Texas, Austin; Tom Benton, University of Texas, Austin; William McKenna, University of Texas, Austin; Pat Ko, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

-service teacher program. The MSP is apartnership between The University of Texas at Austin's School of Engineering, Collegeof Education, and UTeach Natural Sciences program and the Austin Independent SchoolDistrict. These partners are collaborating to develop and deliver an innovative design-based curriculum for preparing secondary teachers of engineering.The participants in this study were high school teachers in the first cohort of the UTeachEngineering Summer Institutes for Teachers (ESIT) program. The 23 participants had anaverage of six years classroom experience teaching mathematics or science. While someof the teachers were also teaching engineering or engineering-related courses, most werepreparing for their first experience in an

Conference Session

Potpourri of First-Year Issues

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rod Paton, University of Auckland; Chris Smaill, University of Auckland; Gerard Rowe, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2010-1079: FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AHIGH-SCHOOL TEACHER.Rod Paton, University of Auckland Rod Paton holds BSc and MSc degrees in physics from the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He has been teaching high-school science and physics since the start of 1994. For the past 12 years he has been Head of Physics at Westlake Boys’ High School, Auckland, New Zealand. Rod has integrated ICT into the school’s physics programs and developed problem-solving books and practical manuals to enhance the skills and abilities of all students. His main research interests are centred on implementing steps to improve the problem-solving and academic-writing abilities of high-school

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Wabler, Clemson University; Estefania Alvarez, Clemson University; John DesJardins, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

undergraduate student in topics of medical devices, biomaterials, and clinicalanatomy. This paper details the development, application, and assessment of a mentoredundergraduate teaching and research program known as Creative Inquiry at Clemson Universitythat is focused on the development of a statewide implant retrieval program for educational andresearch purposes.IntroductionThe mission of the Department of Bioengineering at Clemson University is to provide anoutstanding education for engineers in bioengineering and developing future leaders. With thismission in mind, three goals were identified: 1) to provide students with the education needed fora rewarding career, 2) to provide an intellectually rigorous undergraduate education thatemphasizes

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ET: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Walk, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Education, 2010 Student Surveys of Course Knowledge and Skills: Improving Continuous ImprovementAbstractThe emphasis on curricula and program accreditation has moved from certification of teaching toconfirmation of learning. Commonly adopted outcomes and assessment methods reflect theobservations or opinions of the evaluator on the quality and quantity of learning demonstratedthrough various measures such as projects, presentations, or testing. Students achieveknowledge and skills objectives through the various learning opportunities, in other words thelearning tools, offered them. Instructors must have knowledge of student preferences,perceptions, and responses to the tools offered the students in

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University; David Shernoff, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

problems. And they may be sufficient for earning apassing grade in the course. However, when large numbers of students flounder on open-endedproblems that require deeper understanding of the material, it becomes clear that the educationalprocess is not working.Cognition research2,13,15 has addressed situations such as these in which students are faced withtasks that do not have apparent meaning or logic. For students to “learn with understanding,”they need to “take time to explore underlying concepts and to generate connections to other[knowledge] they possess.”2 For several years, our teaching strategy has focused on givingstudents first-hand experiences with electric motors and balancing devices in the laboratory. Wehad students generate

Conference Session

Online and Web-based Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Lesko, East Carolina University; John Pickard, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2010-2204: DATA IN DEPTH: WEB 3-D TECHNOLOGIES PROVIDE NEWAPPROACHES TO THE PRESENTATION OF COURSE CONTENTCharles Lesko, East Carolina University Charles Lesko is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Technology Systems, College of Technology & Computer Science at East Carolina University. He received his BS at the US Naval Academy; he holds a MS in Forensics from National University and a second MS in Computer Information Systems from Boston University; his PhD is in Applied Management from Walden University. His current teaching and research regime focus on strategic technology management and communication, information technology project management, and virtual reality

Conference Session

Student Engagement in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cordelia Brown, Purdue University; Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-1820: INTEGRATION OF REAL WORLD TEAMING INTO APROGRAMMING COURSECordelia Brown, Purdue UniversityYung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University Page 15.785.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Integration of Real World Teaming Into A Programming CourseAbstractHistorically, teaming experiences for engineering students has primarily been found infirst year engineering courses, design courses, and laboratory courses. Occasionally,other types of engineering courses integrate teaming as a part of some of the courseprojects. In this paper, we are reporting our findings of integrating teaming into aprogramming course. This study examines team projects and team interaction in a

Conference Session

Scholar Program Proposal/Develop Courses and Materials/Collaborations and Accredatation Systems for Global Engineering Education / Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard; Jennifer DeBoer, SPEED

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2010-2414: THE ENGINEERING PROFESSOR OF 2020: THE FORGOTTENVARIABLELueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard Lueny Morell, M.S., P.E., is Program Manager in the Strategy and Innovation Office staff of Hewlett Packard Laboratories (HPL) in Palo Alto, California. She is responsible for facilitating external research collaborations for HPL and lead initiatives focused on R&D talent development, collaborating with external partners (government entities and other corporate labs) to pursue strategies and initiatives of benefit to the research community. In the past, she was in charge of developing engineering/science curriculum innovation initiatives worldwide in support of HPL research and technology

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emad Habib, University of Louisiana, Lafayette; Carloina Cruz-Neira, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Yuxin Ma, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Douglas Williams, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

assessment and validation of rainfall remotely-sensed products, and hydrological applications of statistical methods. He teaches undergraduate and advanced graduate courses in hydrology and probabilistic methods. He is the co-chair of the Uncertainty Assessment Task of the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration Model and a member on the American Society of Civil Engineers Environmental Water Resources Institute “Doppler Radar” Task Committee. He has several peer-reviewed publications and serves as a regular reviewer on journals such as Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Advances in Water Resources, Journal of American Water Resources Association, and Journal of Applied

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Valenzuela, Auburn University; Jeffrey Smith, Auburn University; Ben Reece, Auburn University; David Shannon, Auburn University

programming skills in solving engineering problems without having to be explicitly told todo so. During Phase 1 of the project, we are exploring the feasibility of our framework and havedeveloped and evaluated five instructive modules for four IE professional courses in ourcurriculum.Modeling FrameworkThe methods that are commonly used to achieve educational objectives include: lectures,experimental laboratory, design projects, case studies, games, and internships1. All of thesemethods are used in teaching IE courses in the Industrial and Systems Engineering Department atAuburn University. However, the lecture method is by far our most common approach forinstruction. This is also the case at most other engineering academic departments. One of

Conference Session

Build Diversity in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffany Simon, Columbia University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

financial support in the form of teaching and graduate researchassistantships, King and Chepyator-Thomson7, Willie, Grady, and Hope5, and Wilson13concluded that financial support is a critical factor that influences graduate student persistence ofAfrican Americans. In testing a model of degree progress, Toliver14 found that degree progresswas particularly reduced when African American students did not have financial support.Lovitts15 observed that while fellowships are used to recruit minorities into graduate schools, thisform of support does not allow students to integrate into the academic department and degreecompletion is significantly reduced. St. John and Andrieu16 recommend “comprehensive aidpackages” for graduate students, as their research

Conference Session

Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lily Laiho, California Polytechnic State University; Richard Savage, California Polytechnic State University; James Widmann, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Manufacturing Engineering. This course series provided students with anopportunity to work on an open-ended design project that required skill sets spanning numerousdepartments rather than just a single department. The teaching staff consisted of three professorsfrom three separate engineering departments. For the 2008-2009 Academic year, the facultycame from the departments of Biomedical Engineering Materials Engineering, and MechanicalEngineering. The faculty considered the importance having an interdisciplinary set of instructorsas well as a team-teaching approach to best model to the students the strength inherent in theseapproaches. Page

Conference Session

Mentoring and Development of New Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alisa Clyne, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

orientation but before classes started to easenew faculty tension. Sessions were held on the three tenure criteria: research, teaching, andservice. In each session, a panel of three tenured faculty (one senior and two recently tenured)spoke about what was required for success and answered junior faculty questions. Following thethree sessions, the junior faculty had lunch with senior administrators and a discussion with theengineering dean.A particular problem in new faculty integration is bringing women into departments in whichfew or no women currently work. We started a women in engineering research network toconnect junior and senior women in all engineering departments, and thereby attain a criticalmass for effective peer-mentoring. The network

Conference Session

Design in the ECE Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalia Litchinitser, SUNY at Buffalo; Albert H. Titus, SUNY at Buffalo; Alexander N. Cartwright, SUNY at Buffalo; Vladimir V. Mitin, SUNY at Buffalo

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

publication at the level appropriate for each target audience),the PowerPoint presentations for the topic, the teaching notes including instructions on themotivation of the topic, descriptions of active-learning exercises that can be conducted during thelecture, example quizzes, and the evaluation surveys to be completed at the end of the module. Inaddition, laboratory exercises and simulations (Flash and Java animations) are beingincorporated into the module.Examples of Knowledge and Application Module DescriptionsIn this section we offer two examples: one KM and one AM. These and other modules will beevaluated during the Spring 2010 semester in our Nanophotonics EE 459 course using methodswe have developed previously [5-6].KM: Plasmonics

Conference Session

Student Paper Presentation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Melvin, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Students Constituent Committee

of 2004, I truly had no idea what challenges and opportunities I wouldencounter over the next six years. My tenure as a grad student has been a whirlwind of classes,research, teaching, reading, writing, presenting, adversity, and fun. The lessons I learned alongthe way have helped to shape me both as a scientist and an educator; however I wish that I knewexactly what lay ahead during my graduate odyssey.The goal of this paper is to provide that road map, both incoming and current graduate students,through a series of stories and lessons I learned during my graduate career. My goal is toprovide fellow grad students with advice necessary to navigate the potentially tortuous path theywill encounter such as taking classes, getting into the lab

Conference Session

Faculty & Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations, Interactions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilka Balk, University of Kentucky; John Balk, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

International

studentsarrive in Karlsruhe between January and March, and start with a research project that has beenformulated by faculty at both institutions. Whenever possible, the US student is paired with aGerman student who will participate in the reciprocal phase of the exchange program. When thesemester begins in Karlsruhe in April, students transition to coursework and either finish theirresearch or decrease their laboratory workload.The engineering students from Karlsruhe, Germany, come to the University of Kentucky inAugust to take regular classes in the fall semester. Karlsruhe’s engineering students, who arerequired to complete a 500-hour research project for their degree, perform some of this researchin the fall semester, while also taking classes, and

Conference Session

Automation Subjects in Manufacturing Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Albert Sun, St. Mary's University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

the areas of automation, control, and automated system integration.Albert Sun, St. Mary's University Dr. Albert Sun is Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering at St. Mary's University in San Antonio, Texas. He is also the Director of St. Mary's University’s Automated Manufacturing & Robotics Laboratory, which is dedicated to industrial automation education and research. Dr. Sun teaches courses on industrial automation and control and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and robotics. His research interests include CAD/CAM/CAE education, quantitative analysis for small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) critical success factors when implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP

Conference Session

Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen O'Brien, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

be taught; 3) knowledge of how to teach others in that area (content pedagogy), in particular how to use hands-on learning techniques (e.g.- lab work in science and manipulatives in mathematics) and how to develop higher-order thinking skills. 4) an understanding of learners and their learning and development– including how to assess and scaffold learning, how to support students who have learning differences or difficulties, and how to support the learning of language and content for those who are not already proficient in the language of instruction. Page 15.108.2 5) adaptive expertise that allow teachers to

Conference Session

IE Applications and Systems

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Guccione, Eastern Illinois University; Thomas McDonald, Eastern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

factors, the healthcare industry appears to have begun usingDES to improve its services and care.The authors have taught with and used DES software, Arena® and ProModel, in processanalyses over the past decade and were intrigued by the usage of DES software especially in thehealthcare field. Using healthcare problems that have been analyzed using DES software wouldgive students exposure to realistic situations which they may actually experience (e.g., waiting tobe seen in an emergency room).This concept has application, especially in engineering and technology education, through beingable to use real life examples in teaching DES concepts and software. This would give students abetter appreciation of the use of DES software in analyzing processes

Conference Session

Design Projects across the Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Thomas, University of South Alabama; Michael Doran, University of South Alabama; James Sakalaukus, University of South Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

projects, graduate research, three master’s theses and invaluablecommunity exposure for STEM education. In addition to research opportunities, the work withJagBot resulted in the development of a 400-level senior elective engineering class in LabViewand provided justification for University funding of a laboratory based on National Instrumentsdata acquisition systems. This paper describes the design process and the contribution of thestudents to the final JagBot design.2. IntroductionRobots, as much as any other advance in science, epitomize progress. Robots have starred inmotion pictures, are routinely used in industry, and, although they have not become integratedinto society as fast as imagined by science fiction writers, they have been

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ECET: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Youakim Al Kalaani, Georgia Southern University; Shonda Bernadin, GSU

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

experiments in a disciplined manner (use and connect standard laboratory instruments, electronic devices and equipment), analyze, interpret, troubleshoot and apply experimental results to improve processes using sound engineering principles. (d) An ability to apply creativity in the practical, cost effective and reliable design of systems, components or processes in the areas such as electronics, or electrical power and machinery. (e) An ability to function effectively in laboratory groups and/or on design teams with members and tasks sometimes separated in time and space. (f) An ability to identify, design, test, analyze, and solve technical problems using knowledge gained from a

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah McCubbin-Cain, University of Kentucky; Bruce Tschantz, University of Tennessee - Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

). He has over 40 years' experience in civil engineering research, teaching, and practice in dam safety engineering, stormwater modeling and management, flood analysis, sediment transport, erosion prevention & sediment control, open channel hydraulics, and extreme flood event hydrology. He has served on several national stormwater hydrology and dam safety panels in ASCE, ASDSO, FEMA, National Academy of Sciences, and Executive Office of the President. During the Carter Administration, he coordinated national dam safety programs and established the Federal Office of Dam Safety in FEMA, where he served as the first Chief of Federal Dam Safety in 1980. Dr. Tschantz has

Conference Session

History, Program Design, and even a Journal Club

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Cramer, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Wendy Crone, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Moira Lafayette, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Paul Peercy, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Darryl G. Thelen, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Daniel Klingenberg, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amy Wendt, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

were tied to introducing a freshman introduction-to-engineering course that at the timewas novel and building a teaching improvement program with a particular emphasis on assistingteaching assistants and new faculty. Our efforts have developed in parallel with and have beenbuilt upon the work of others. For example, Froyd, Penberthy and Watson have drawn thedistinction on the differences between academic change processes and good educationalexperiments5. Fornier-Bonilla et al. articulated the organizational impacts and resistances tochange in their on-going efforts in engineering at Texas A&M University6. The CCSSI Phase Ireport provides a comprehensive list of more recent relevant literature3.While our college has always been intent on

Conference Session

Build Diversity in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Terry Teays, Johns Hopkins University; Mary Bowden, University of Maryland at College Park; Guangming Chen, Morgan State University; Richard Henry, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

AC 2010-1761: BROADENING STUDENT RESEARCH EXPERIENCES THROUGHSUMMER EXCHANGE PROGRAM ACROSS CAMPUSESAbhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore Abhijit Nagchaudhuri is a Professor in the Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences at University of Maryland Eastern Shore. Prior to joining UMES he worked in Turabo University in San Juan , PR as well as Duke University in Durham North Carolina as Assistant Professor and Research Assistant Professor, respectively. Dr. Nagchaudhuri is a member of ASME and ASEE professional societies and is actively involved in teaching and research in the fields of engineering mechanics, robotics, systems and control, design of mechanical and