Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, California Polytechnic State University; David Elton, Auburn University; Gary Welling, California Polytechnic State University; Daniel Pitts, Auburn University; Daniel Butler, Auburn University

Based on 4 quadrants of thinking preferences generally characterized as:Dominance i) mathematical, technical, logical, ii) organizational, planned,Instrument conservative, iii) interpersonal, emotional, spiritual, and iv) imaginative, conceptual, artisticDunn and Dunn Multidimensional stimuli groups encompassing environmental,Learning Styles emotional, sociological, physiological, and psychological areas and 21Model subcategories or elements that are ranked according to influence on individuals’ learning.Gardner’s Theory of Based on 7 intelligences including: verbal/linguistic

Conference Session

CE Capstone: Innovations in Learning & Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Fries, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Brad Cross, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Susan Morgan, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Century 4. The last sections present the findings of the instructors‟experiences with the course.Previous WorkOverall lessons from past capstone coursesPrevious work examining the learning in engineering capstone courses has focused on team-based learning, problem-based learning, and impacts of the learning environment. Yost andLane (2007) argue that effective team-based learning in capstone courses require that teams beheterogeneous and have shared goals, meaningful activities, timely internal feedback, andexternal comparisons and feedback 5. Thus, for faculty to facilitate an effective team-basedlearning experience, they must be very deliberate in the planning of team projects, milestones,activities, and feedback methods and timing.Quinn et al

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Toghiani, Mississippi State University; Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University; Keisha Walters, Mississippi State University; Priscilla Hill, Mississippi State University; Carlen Hennington, Mississippi State University

single semester offerings of the unit operationscourses in the CHE department, enrollment in the heat transfer operations andmass transfer operations courses during Spring 2010 is higher, standing atapproximately 60 in each course.In addition to the module development and activities planned as part of the CCLIproject, one additional activity was undertaken during the Fall 2009 semester. Inthe freshman seminar offered to chemical engineers, an introduction to processintensification was provided, after limited discussion of the unit operationsapproach to chemical engineering education. The developed Powerpointpresentation will be made available to chemical engineering educators interestedin adapting it to their programs. Additionally, a survey of

Conference Session

Special Session: Next Generation Problem-Solving

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Tamara Moore, University of Minnesota; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Kean, California Polytechnic State University; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota; Jack Patzer, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

develop MEAs in “fundamental” courses, particularly statics anddynamics, we plan to develop shorter MEAS that can be completed in one or two lecture periods.One in development deals with developing sporting equipment for people with mobilityimpairments, while a second involves designing a rotating chair for children with developmentaldisabilities.Ron Miller – Colorado School of Mines. I have piloted two MEAs in chemical engineeringcore courses at the Colorado School of Mines. “Wetsuit” requires that senior-level studentgroups in a transport phenomena course develop a mathematical model for a wetsuit company toestimate the time a user can stay in the water using a wetsuit made of a specified type andthickness of material. This will allow the

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendra Seniow, Oregon State University; Eric Nefcy, Oregon State University; Christine Kelly, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to their strategy in the project since it can help guide students and is oftentaught as part of a correct scientific approach. Other teams vary in problem scoping techniquesand depth, such as the number literature citations, shown in the journal and reports. Team Ainitially proposed the use of a Design of Experiments (DOE) to optimize operating parameters,but chose not to implement this idea due to its complexity. Page 15.1030.10Figure 6. Problem Scoping. The team lists data from multiple literature sources, though only a small portion is shown here. The originally plan to conduct runs based on a DOE, but decide

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching and Assessment Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tristan Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology; Judith Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

knowing how to articulate the implications of the skills or how to usethem in instruction. The rubric and the supplemental teaching guidelines will help them gradestudents’ presentations and teach the students how to improve. We designed these tools with theexpectation that they will be useful by faculty or teaching assistants, in varying engineeringsubject areas, and in varying types of institutions. In the near future we will continue the testing of the tools, first focusing on theapplication of the tools by teaching assistants. We plan to evaluate the tools’ effectiveness byusing them to assess student presentation performance in undergraduate engineering courses. Asa next step, we hope to integrate these instructional tools with the

Conference Session

Design in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Pacella, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

: Since the implementation of the ENES 101 design project, which includesassigned design groups, students have consistently rated “cooperation with teammates” tobe amongst the highest rated course outcomes on the end of semester survey, andaccording to data from 2008 (see Table 1) the addition of this communication skillscomponent did not have a statistically significant impact on this rating. Nonetheless, Iwould argue that as long as the design project is sufficiently simple enough to alloweasily constructed designs this additional communication component should be effectiveat fostering further inter-group communication, which will certainly become relevant tostudents planning to work for large industrial companies. As part of the formal

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natasha Smith, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

professional communication. At the same time, lab exercises can help introduce orsolidify engineering concepts presented in the classroom. Agrawal presents objectives forlaboratory courses which include critical thinking in the planning and execution as well as for theevaluation of models and experimental data, in addition to effective communication5. Thesepedagogical purposes should be harmonious but may not be if students' attention is focused onlearning too many new concepts at the expense of reasoning through the experiment itself. This Page 15.1173.2is of particular concern for students new to standards of engineering reasoning and reporting

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erika Murguia, Arizona State University; Erin Kube, Arizona State University; Jennifer Bekki, Arizona State University Polytechnic; Bianca Bernstein, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Page 15.263.11 different disciplines on this project. ≠ For each of the following, describe what you have learned (knowledge and skills) through participating in the CareerWISE project, how you have applied what you have learned in settings outside of CareerWISE, and how you do, or plan to, use this learning in your career o Interdisciplinary teams o Disciplinary cultures o Gender issues in educational and career settings o Creating instructional materials for online ≠ Of the skills and knowledge you have learned, how have you applied them in settings outside of CareerWISE? Please be as specific as possible ≠ One of the objectives of the research held in CareerWISE is to

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marilyn Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

aerospace students2. GIT AE alumni3. NASA and industry new employees getting oriented4. Engineers refreshing pre-requisites for Distance Learning graduate school5. GIT AE graduate students taking courses across technical disciplines6. Graduate students preparing for PhD Qualifying Examination7. NASA and industry experienced engineers working on new proposals/ projects8. Cross-disciplinary project teamsEXTROVERT GatewayAs planned, the first two years of the project are devoted to intense resource development, whilethe final year will be devoted to user and peer assessment, refinement and publication. A basicstructure to facilitate content addition and user experience has been designed and implemented.The EXTROVERT gateway serves as the portal to the

Conference Session

SE Curriculum and Projects

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Long, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

required of softwareengineers in the United States. A recent project put up for bid in the Rent-A-Coder web site(www.rentacoder.com) came in with qualified developers willing to take on the project for Page 15.934.3$0.15/hr USD2. A similarly qualified software developer in the United States cost $25.00/hr. Apoll taken in 2006 indicated that of all polled companies located in the Unites States, 61% weremanaging active software development outsourcing projects. Of this 61%, only 7% planned todecrease future software development outsourcing activities3. The economic downturn of 2009certainly impacted the software development outsourcing market

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dazhi Yang, Purdue University; Aidsa Santiago Roman, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Ruth Streveler, Purdue Universtiy; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; James Slotta, University of Toronto; Michelene Chi

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

same way. They run towards thedoor at about the same speed and have the same goal of just exiting the door. Second, theindividuals are all acting and interacting independently of one another simultaneously: they areall just trying to move forward toward the door, and in doing so, they may bump into and pusheach other. Third, no single individual's running or pushing another person resulted in a jam atthe door and the individuals aren't really pushing each other with the intention of causing thejam. The jam is caused by all the people simultaneously trying to run toward the door. Fourth,all the people want to do is run to the door to get out. They were not planning to create a jam atthe door, or their interactions are not necessarily directly

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tirupalavanam Ganesh, Arizona State University; John Thieken, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University; Monica Elser, Arizona State University; Wendy Taylor, Arizona State University; Chell Roberts, Arizona State University; Jay Golden, Ph.D., is a faculty member in ASU’s School of Sustainability and codirector of the; James Middleton, Arizona State University; Sharon Robinson Kurpius

through design, we incorporated the ideas and toolsdesigned by the MIT Media Lab47,48.These research-based design principles formed the basis for the year long learning experiencethat was planned and delivered with attention to engaging all participants: students, parents orguardians, teachers, facilitators, and mentors. The specific project tools and multi-disciplinarycontent used to engage participants are described in the following section.Project ToolsThe use of robotics in K-12 education gives students the opportunity to design physical objectsand mechanisms, to include designing the behavior of these objects using computerprogramming. Many researchers48,49,50 have explored robotics to teach ideas in mathematics andengineering (e.g., control

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerard Rowe, University of Auckland; Chris Smaill, University of Auckland; Lawrence Carter, University of Auckland; Elizabeth Godfrey, University of Technology Sydney; Bernard Guillemin, The University of Auckland; Mark Andrews, University of Auckland; Waleed Abdulla, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

than on approaches to learning. Instead of relying onstudent support services to take responsibility for development of learning skills, it isappropriate that teachers “come half way” and offer students assistance in enhancing theirability to learn. In this context, more attention needs to be paid to briefing at-risk students onstrategies they could follow once they know the results of their Felder ILS questionnaire. Thisseems to be especially important for global learners. The use of a wider range of pedagogicalstyles in the tutorials is called for. To this end, the authors plan to involve specialists from theUniversity’s Student Learning Centre in the re-design of the tutorial activities, to better caterfor the diversity of learning styles

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juyeon Yun, Purdue University; Monica Cardella, Purdue University; Senay Purzer, Purdue University; Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University; Yoojung Chae, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

learnengineering content and skills.“No gender difference in the importance of engineering skills for children”Regarding the importance of engineering education, there was no different between boys andgirls. To be precise, one of the items in attitude scale that had the highest score (M = 4.42) was:“I think it is equally important for both girls and boys to learn engineering.” This is reinforcedthrough the ratings for two additional items: “I think it is more important for boys to learnengineering than it is for girls to learn engineering (M = 2.0)” and “I think it is more importantfor girls to learn engineering than it is for girls to learn engineering (M = 2.0)”The work presented in the paper has many implications. While we plan to collect additional

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Intercultural Awareness and International Experience

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry Bland, John Brown University

Tagged Divisions

International

the participating institutions said they were encouraging cross-culturaldevelopment, but did not assess the cross-cultural competence of students in their programs.John Brown University (JBU) has recognized the need to make global issues an integral part ofthe students’ education. The university core curriculum now requires every student to take atleast one three-hour global studies course in fulfilling degree requirements. The Department ofEngineering has embraced this activity and is working to incorporate global issues into coursesthat span the typical four-year course plan. This initiative is seen as an opportunity tosignificantly strengthen the engineering program, improve ABET outcomes, and furtherstrengthen ties with our liberal arts

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Outside the Classroom

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Traci Nathans-Kelly, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Kevin Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Christine Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Thomas McGlamery, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

of ethics, perhapsKultgen says it best: “Codes of ethics are official expressions of normative components in theself-images of the professions, as well as the ideas to which the professional is alleged to becommitted” 8 These professional codes are prescriptive and even reactive; they reflect the state ofthe profession. They are vague by necessity, and they avoid addressing elements may notnormally fall into personal codes of ethics, such the statue in the NSPE’s entreaty tonot “complete, sign, or seal plans and/or specifications that are not in conformity with applicableengineering standards” 9.Drawn more closely, organizational codes of ethics are the behaviors set forth by individualorganizations to serve those organizations both

Conference Session

Liberal Education for 21st Century Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betty Harper, Pennsylvania State University; Lisa Lattuca, Pennsylvania State University; Alexander Yin, Penn State University; Patrick Terenzini, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

itemsand response options were appropriate and understandable.22Population, Sample, and Data CollectionThe study’s sampling plan was designed to provide a nationally representative set of engineeringprograms. The institutional population was defined as all four-year engineering schools offeringtwo or more ABET-accredited programs in the “big five” engineering disciplines: chemical,civil, electrical, industrial, and mechanical. Based on the recommendation of the overall project’sNational Advisory Board, biomedical/ bio-engineering was included as one of the focaldisciplines, despite its relatively small size, due to its prominence in Educating the Engineer of2020 and its position as a growing discipline. Because information from the P2P studies

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Culbertson, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Janice Meyer Thompson, Arizona State University; Christopher Mehrens, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

exemplified by the technical literacy and problem solving and creative thinking skillsacquired through the course. A learning path was developed for the course, with instructionalmaterials to engage students in the design process, the development of mathematical andtechnological supports, and a plan for instructional materials that is similar to that created forCarpenter, Fennema & Franke’s Cognitively Guided Instruction11. This initial model for learninginformed the measurement and evaluation, and/or modification of measurement instruments. Ineffect, we integrated the development activities around the central notion of studentunderstanding. This initial model will be improved by learning through the engineering processof iteration during

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Upperclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

aside, we had not planned to become Englishteachers, but for this course, the task is important, and unavoidable!Course lecturesThe topics of weeks 1-4, 7-8, and 11 are relatively conventional. We provide extensive detailsfor each on the web page www.courses.ncsu/che395.The mock interview of week 5 is one of the most important topics, according to studentevaluations, because (1) they will soon visit the fall or spring Engineering Career Fair, and (2) itcombines use of the company profile, resume, and interview all in the same 15 minuteengagement. This arrangement where the (faculty) corporate interviewer quizzes the studentabout experiences and expectations in light of company needs forces the student to integratethese three items into a

Conference Session

Software and Hardware for Educators I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chad Hager, United States Air Force Academy; Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Page 15.639.2organization of these homework assignments attempts to show students the link betweensoftware and hardware and to illuminate some of the more difficult architecture conceptsdiscussed in class. The assignments are arranged to give students a gentle introduction into HDL,followed by the construction of memory. Later design exercises directs attention to arithmeticlogic units (ALUs), single cycle computers, and pipelined processors. These assignments weredeveloped for a senior/graduate level course in computer architecture for which the text by Manoand Kime is used [2]. The specific design assignments will be discussed and student reaction tothe exercises is provided. This project was planned and conducted by a graduate

Conference Session

Innovation in ECET Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luciano Boglione, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

betweentheory and practice (3 3). This is a very rewarding result for the author, which can be linked to theauthor’s planning efforts prior to the class. Further, the students appear to agree on the fact thatthe PCB project provides added value to the class (3 6) and it is a tool for the understanding ofmicrowave engineering (3 4) since the majority would suggest to attend this class even if theproject was not part of it (3 5).Looking back to the experience, some considerations and suggestions can be drawn for the future: • the student’s understanding of a complex subject such as microwave engineering can be enhanced with a simple, yet practical project; • the experiential approach can be enhanced by a theoretical framework that complements it

Conference Session

Computer Gaming and Virtual Reality for Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Jaurez, National University; Peilin Fu, National University; Ronald Uhlig, National University, San Diego; Shekar Viswanathan, Ph.D., M.B.A., P.E., received a Bachelor of Technology in chemical

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

bydemonstrating real examples of similar games and the constructs that make them work.Additional lessons on game design were always taught in context to the actual building of theindividual student team projects. In other words, students were coached on specifics of gamestructures and playable game design, as they developed their plans, presentations,implementations, and delivery of their own games. This technique of “in-the-build” training Page 15.229.10kept the students teams moving forward in course curriculum and game integration, while new orrevised concepts in production of their games could be added. It was noted by faculty and theresearchers that the

Conference Session

Novel Methods in Engineering Ethics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Titus, Purdue University; Carla Zoltowski, Purdue University; William Oakes, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, your design team listened to another team discuss its plans for building a pedestrian bridge over the Wabash river. As they talked, you notice a component of the design that is specific to your discipline that you think could be designed better, possibly saving money while increasing safety. But this is not your team and you do not know any of the team members personally. How do you handle the situation? 1. You do nothing. This is not your team and it is wrong to interfere. 2. You offer to help, thinking you can get credit for working on this project in addition to your own. 3. You tell a mutual friend to make the suggestion. You know you should say

Conference Session

Design Projects across the Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Warners, Western Michigan University; Britney Richmond, Western Michigan University; Adam Eaton, Western Michigan University; Andrew Kline, Western Michigan University; Betsy Aller, Western Michigan University; Edmund Tsang, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

for testing and feedback.Based on feedback from the teacher, the WMU student team modified the original design toincrease the efficiency of in-class use of the device. After constructing the hands-on model, thestudent team tested the device in a classroom setting. Lesson plans and pre- and post-experimentsurveys were created in order to gain the necessary qualitative and quantitative data that wouldhelp determine if the devices were successful in effectively demonstrating the properties of light,while keeping the middle school students interested in the concepts behind the experiment. Afterdeeming the device successful, the student team decided to investigate the feasibility of large-scale production. Based on advice from faculty mentors, the

Conference Session

Software and Hardware for Educators II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel McCarthy, University of Wyoming; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming; Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

design problems.After analyzing the topic coverage of these lab exercises along with the content of related higher-level elective courses (such as Verilog HDL and Computer Architecture) that are being offered atthe University of Wyoming, we also believe that a new course in design verification techniqueswould be a useful addition to the curriculum. This course would teach various verification tech-niques, test planning, code coverage, and other similar concepts that are used by engineers inindustry today. Page 15.1115.18We encourage educators to give the “By Students, For Students” method a try; we have found it tobe both successful from a

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hassan Rajaei, Bowling Green State University; Arsen Gasparyan, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

technologies could bringus to scalable and universal immersive virtual environment with essential interface, which couldintegrate audio/video communication with interaction in 3D world. Our contribution to essentialinterface lies in the field of video-based interaction via common hardware. We aim to providethe essential way of interaction in the virtual environment without utilizing uncommon orexpensive hardware. We plan to empower the computing needs by virtualization (e.g. gridcomputing) to reduce the necessity in special hardware, replacing it with combination of usualweb-camera and computer vision techniques.5.3 Computer VisionMost of the existing systems (which aim using cameras for control) require special hardwaresuch as stereo cameras. However

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mathew Hagge, Iowa State University; Gloria Starns, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

equation forconservation of energy. To do this successfully, students need to better understand thedifferences between heat, work, temperature, internal energy, etc. The concept based learningmethod is not just a successful teaching method, the authors also believe it meets thefundamental need of gaining understanding sufficient to overcome many of thesemisconceptions. The authors plan to present the performance of students currently enrolled in aconcept based learning section of thermodynamics on the TTCI (Thermal and Transport ConceptInventory) at the ASEE conference. Please note that the authors will not have seen the TTCIquestions prior to student testing, and that no changes have been made to the teaching of thecourse to address the examples

Conference Session

Case Studies, Engineering Education and Outcome Assessment Around the Globe

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Todd, Brigham Young University; Randy Lewis, Brigham Young University; Jim Nelson, Brigham Young University; Brent Nelson, Brigham Young University; Michael Miles, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

educationalactivities related to this objective of achieving global competence in engineering and technologystudents. The intent of these experiences has been to improve the ability of our students to thrivein an increasingly international technical environment, and in fact be on a path to developingglobal leadership7. These activities have been part of a phased plan that has included piloting ofinternational technical experiences, design of coursework, and development of definitions forglobal competence, related student learning outcomes and associated assessment tools. Theemerging array of international experiences that have been developed by the college faculty havespurred an effort to establish a system of outcomes that would yield the desired

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Wabler, Clemson University; Estefania Alvarez, Clemson University; John DesJardins, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

recruited to maintain sufficient levels of student participation.Course AssessmentAt the end of the Fall 2009 semester, all students in the group were given an anonymous surveyto assess learning outcomes for the CU-REPO program. The goal of this survey was todetermine the students’ perception of learning outcomes of the course, and to assess students’perception of perceived educational and professional value of their participation in the courseactivities. Five of the nine students responded to the optional survey. Considering the CreativeInquiry program is designed to have a smaller student to mentor ratio to encourage a direct andmore hands-on interaction, the return of five completed surveys reflects positive feedback andacceptance of the planned