Conference Session

Energy Education and Industry Needs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Recayi 'Reg' Pecen; Soner Tarim

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2010-1560: YOUNG MINDS MEET FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTUREFaruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State UniversityRecayi "Reg" Pecen, University of Northern IowaSoner Tarim, Cosmos Foundation dba Harmony Schools Page 15.1388.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Young Minds Meet for Sustainable FutureAbstractThe Sustainability is the intent to provide the best outcomes for the human and naturalenvironments both now and indefinite future. The Sustainability relates to the continuity ofeconomic, social, institutional and environmental aspects of human society, as well as the non-human environment. The Cosmos Foundation, a non-profit educational organization with

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Vuksanovich, Youngstown State University; Darrell Wallace, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

to the student’s understanding of current methods andequipment used in industry at the time.It was noticed that a larger percentage of faculty had little or no industrial experience whencompared to previous years. More faculty were hired directly out of university programs, and theones that were from industry had less experience and far less responsible roles. This isparticularly bad for a discipline that is primarily concerned with the application of the conceptstaught in class.Academia, as a whole, has shifted towards research oriented programs. Many believe thatworking on basic research will help bring about innovation. The issue here is that in the majorityof the cases, the research revolves around many premises that are not practical or

Conference Session

Research on the First Year I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Cassady, University of Arkansas; Gigi Secuban, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Engineering Center in the College of Engineering at the University of Arkansas. In this role, she is administratively responsible for the management of a 5,500 square foot center as well as directing the college’s orientation program, tutoring resources for first-year students, chair of the undergraduate research symposium and coordinator for sophomore retention initiatives. Gigi previously served as the first female and first Asian American Director of the Multicultural Center at the University of Arkansas. In addition to her campus experience, Gigi has held multiple positions on the regional and national level for NASPA (National Association of Student Personnel Administrators). Gigi’s past

Conference Session

Liberal Education for 21st Century Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2010-1296: "BRIEF ENCOUNTER:" A REFLECTION ON WILLIAMSPROPOSALS FOR THE ENGINEERING CURRICULUMJohn Heywood, Trinity College Dublin Professorial Fellow Emeritius of Trinity COllege Dublin (Ireland. Formerly Professor of Education and Chair Department of Teacher Education.Has published over 50 papers on topics related to engineering and technological education and several books. His book "Engineering Education; Research and Development in Curriculum and Instruction" received the best reseach publication award of division i (professional) of the American Educational Research Association in 2005. previously he has been awarded a premium of the Education, Science and Technology division of the

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Albert Liddicoat, California Polytechnic State University; Jianbiao Pan, California Polytechnic State University; James Harris, California Polytechnic State University; Gary Perks, California Polytechnic State University; Linda Shepherd, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, ASIC development, system electronics and architecture, program management, and senior hardware development manager. Currently, Dr. Liddicoat is the Assistant Vice President for Academic Personnel and the Forbes Professor of Computer and Electrical Engineering at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. He teaches digital design and embedded systems courses. His research interests include computer architecture, computer arithmetic, networks, re-configurable computing and engineering education. Dr. Liddicoat received the Professional Achievement Award from the College of Engineering at California Polytechnic State University in 2003, and he is a Senior Member of

Conference Session

Faculty Development for Distance Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University; Dirk Schaefer, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tristan Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology; J. P. Mohsen, University of Louisville; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering; Michael Prince, Bucknell University; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

AC 2010-1940: PREPARING FOR PARTICIPATION IN SPEED: AN ASEEINITIATIVE FOR A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMFOR ENGINEERING EDUCATORSDonald Visco, Tennessee Technological University Dr. Don Visco is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Tennessee Technological University, where he has been employed since 1999. Prior to that, he graduated with his Ph.D from the University at Buffalo, SUNY. His current research interests include experimental and computational thermodynamics as well as bioinformatics/drug design. He is an active and contributing member of ASEE at the local, regional and national level. He is the 2006 recipient of the Raymond W. Fahien Award for Outstanding Teaching

Conference Session

Collaborative Projects in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charlie Setterfield, Sinclair Community College; Eric Dunn, Sinclair Community College; Russell Marcks, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

different from the faculty.” [2] It is hoped that this diversity manifests in students ofdiffering disciplines imparting a portion of their knowledge on other team members early in thedesign process to help achieve the best solution possible for the client.Integrated Project Design/Delivery (IPD) is being embraced by many of the professionalsocieties included in the built environment disciplines. For instance, some recent entries on theAmerican Institute of Architects and American Society for Heating, Refrigeration & AirConditioning Engineers included: Page 15.1066.7 Integrated Practice/Integrated Project Delivery (IP/IPD) leverages early

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil, Wright State University; Byron Newberry, Oklahoma Christian University of Science and Arts; Anthony Donaldson, California Baptist University; Joan Ozdogan, Chantilly High School Academy

having an outstanding undergraduate engineering curriculum. In addition to this NSF effort in mathematics, he has promoted the development of inquiry based physics, and an introduction to chemistry for engineers. He is developing and teaching a pilot introduction to the major course at CBU and an introduction to engineering design course. He previously directed the engineering programs at Seattle Pacific University where he led a successful accreditation effort and was responsible for numerous innovations in curriculum and facilities.Joan Ozdogan, Chantilly High School Academy Joan Ozdogan is a Career Experience Specialist in Career and Technical Education at Chantilly High School Academy

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Benton, University of Texas, Austin; Taylor Martin, Univ of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

). Curriculum authoring tools and inclusive classroom teaching practice: a longitudinalstudy. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37(2), 177-189.7. McKenney, S. (2005). Technology for Curriculum And Teacher Development: Software to Help Educators LearnWhile Designing Teacher Guides. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(2), 167-190.8. Schwatrz, D., Lin, X., Brophy, S.P., & Bransford, J. (1999) Towards the Development of Flexibly AdaptiveInstructional Designs. In C.M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design Theories and Models: A new paradigm ofinstructional theory (183-214). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.9. Giorgio, T.B., Brophy, S.P. (2001). Challenge-Based Learning in Biomedical Engineering: A Legacy Cycle for

Conference Session

Faculty Development for Distance Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

evaluation of performance by respected academic peers.These traditional values have limited use of current trends in faculty leadership in SOES-l).What is needed is a new recognition of the scholarship of engineering that contrasts and valuesfaculty’s progressive proficiency levels and progressive skill-sets of professional performance inadvancing the practice of engineering as compared to scientific research in engineering theory.IntroductionAccording to Keating, et al.1, social science models of engagement and outreach do not fitprofessional disciplines such as engineering and technology robustly. For engineering andtechnology programs, the scholarship of engagement and outreach is of necessity focused onfaculty’s interaction with industry as well

Conference Session

Historical Perspectives for Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

gained from favoring the graduates of anunderdeveloped and untested engineering program. Where industry executives and recruitersturned more eagerly to Boelter was in the area of continuing education. Many a young engineerhad been lured to Southern California by defense industry salaries, and in so doing, they hadforgone the option of attending graduate school. However, given the wartime contributions ofscience, and the contract structures of a hypercompetitive defense industry that created strongincentives for firms to demonstrate advanced research and design capabilities, specializedtraining at the graduate level became the accepted gold standard for professional advancement.Here, there was a young workforce, many of whom had yet to form a

Conference Session

Technological Literacy for K-12 and for Community College Students: Concepts, Assessment, and Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy Libros, Community College of Philadelphia; Kathleen Harter, Community College of Philadelphia

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

. Use of nanostructured devices for tracking versus privacy issues and a hypotheticalcase study of a solar panel company (which uses nanotechnology in its manufacturing process)moving into a town provide opportunities to explore the societal impacts of nanotechnology.6PedagogyThe pedagogy employed for all the modules is active and cooperative and includes some if notall of these techniques in each module: group work, project based learning, role plays, paneldiscussions and guest speakers. The use of interactive, team-based activities in the course aredrawn from many of the “best-practices” identified in educational literature that have beenshown to increase student understanding and retention of materials as well as improve studentpersistence

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kumar Yelamarthi, Central Michigan University; P. Ruby Mawasha, Wright State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

orientation. Overtime, these guide dogs become their best friends, and an essential part of their daily life. TheRFID based assistive devices reduce the dependency on guide dog, affecting the overallrelationship between the user and the dog. On the positive side, these devices reduce the usersdependency on family and friends, and help them become more active in the community. As itcan be seen here, the RFID-AD projects have both positive and negative impacts on the enduser. It is up to the design engineer to qualitatively assess both the pros and cons incontemporary issues and make a judgment as to the directions to pursue in this project. Overall, the RFID-AD serves as an excellent platform for students to enhance theirknowledge and understanding

Conference Session

College-Industry Partnerships: Bringing Industry into the Curriculum Development and Design Cycle

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Sly, Iowa State University; Daniel Bumblauskas, Iowa State University; Frank Peters, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

College-Industry Partnerships

universities, and a literature and industry review of sales engineeringcurriculum. These activities were performed by a committee established within the Industrial and Manufacturing SystemsEngineering department (IMSE).Review of Sales and Marketing Positions for EngineersThe committee conducted a review of sales and marketing postings within the COE, on the number of advertised positionsthat had Sales or Marketing in their title or description, as well as the number of graduates with Sales or Marketing in theirjob title. It was interesting to find that while nearly 15% of job postings indicated Sales or Marketing functions, that onlyaround 1% of post-graduation job titles included Sales or Marketing. This difference is attributed, in part, to the fact

Conference Session

Scholar Program Proposal/Develop Courses and Materials/Collaborations and Accredatation Systems for Global Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Shumway, Brigham Young University; SClaudina Vargas, Complex Systems Optimization Lab; Geoff Wright; Ronald Terry, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

more pressing in countries like the DR where most of its young population is from marginal communities. Young people are the country’s most valuable resource. It will be difficult for the DR to emerge as an innovative player in the global economy without developing this wealth.In addition to resources and cost, lack of prior experiences in the country with programs likeMACILE has made the program design more challenging. Another limitation has been the lackof studies dealing specifically with the conditions of education in Ytabo or the socio-economiccharacteristics of the communities. Research works dealing with education in the DR have beenvery general. A study phase was necessary, as a result. This phase helped develop

Conference Session

Faculty Set the Preliminary Standards for Co-ops

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emilia Bratschitsch, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences; Annette Casey, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

. They are strongly interested in getting the best education they can.The main challenge in the coming years will be to cope with the area of conflict – deliveringconsistently high quality, while experiencing worsening conditions and rising costs.From our point of view the next steps should be a re-design of our degree program with aview to reducing the students’ workload and clearing outdated content out. We also aim toestablish optimum conditions for efficient project-based-learning. In addition, we need tocomplete our research into the reasons behind the high drop-out rate and implementcountermeasures. Finally, further harmonization of assessment criteria of external and internallecturers is also essential.AcknowledgmentsOur special thanks go

Conference Session

Outreach and Beyond: New Roles for Librarians

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Beck, Carnegie Mellon University; G. Berard, Carnegie Mellon University; Bo Baker, University of Tennessee Chattanooga; Nancy George, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

thatwhat you see is a description for a book that we have in our library?” This led to a briefdiscussion of online and/or card catalogs available to them at their school libraries. Afew indicated that they still used card catalogs to find books. Despite the best intentionsof the librarians in planning the lecture, realistically, the SEE students were not going tobegin researching their topics by using the most appropriate subject headings.Introducing the databaseThe University Libraries subscribe to the online encyclopedia, AccessScience. Thischoice was more appropriate for locating background information. In hindsight, anonline encyclopedia may have been a better starting point than an online catalog. Thisresource features easy to locate subject

Conference Session

Learning By Doing in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Golter, Washington State University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Gary Brown, Washington State University; David Thiessen, Washington State University; Baba Abdul, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

innovations. Similarly the 1970’s and 80’s produced abody of research focused on teacher’s concerns and viewpoints, which has had a similarly lowimmediate impact on educational practice. The article suggests that the educational research lacks thesocio-political ‘authority’ to bring about systematic reform. Regardless of the reason it is clear thatresearch in the field of education has not produced a history of usefulness for educators.Our particular situation is complicated further in that we have a long time scale, one semester per year,and low numbers, 12-30 students per year. This has made it difficult to conduct true rigorous controlledexperiments. Additionally our assessments have been performed on extra-credit assignments where

Conference Session

Curriculum in Telecommunications Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim Nankivell, Purdue University, Calumet; Joy Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet; Jana Whittington, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

requires a clear definition of these skills to better preparethe IT professionals expected to fill these positions. Currently the demand for IT professionalsoutstrips the qualified applicants.The research designed to develop a framework of IT skill sets involved a business survey whichincluded the preparation and distribution of a questionnaire. The questionnaire instrument listeda number of skills associated with the IT profession. The instrument was then distributed to 380companies and 100 of the Best 100 places to work in IT as developed by Computerworld in1999. Though the response produced only 60 (13 %) useable questionnaires, the researchersjustified this as those responding were from companies that regularly recruit IT students

Conference Session

Faculty Set the Preliminary Standards for Co-ops

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Joseph, Pace University; Mabel Payne, Consultant

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

one disciplinary domain and the academic discipline is viewed as the other domain. In thiscontext, the issue is one of determining how best to align academic disciplinary learning with therelated work place practices for the student to adequately and sufficiently integrate theory withpractice, being mindful of the limits of any possible integration. That is, theory learnt may haveno current practical application or it may have several practical applications depending on itscontextual interpretation. Similarly, the practical application may have no sound theory or it maybe fully or partially described by a theory. Page 15.83.3Myers and

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angkee Sripakagorn, Chulalongkorn University; Kuntinee Maneeratana, Chulalongkorn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

issues that need improvement.By the way the design experience is defined – clear and concise, virtually all projects complete afull cycle of the design process at present. For some projects, the design problems may appear, atfirst, to be too simplistic. But indeed, they are rather well-posed and provide a decent platformfor learning. For the development of soft skills, via formal meetings and informal demonstrationof actual examples of best practices, students appear to be more familiar and aware of issues inproject management and working in teams. Another finding is that, after this restructuring,virtually all groups managed to finish the projects on time. This is probably due to the better-prepared proposal, the well-thought project as well as

Conference Session

Electrical & Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khalid Al-Olimat, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

the time ofthe impact. The PIC sends this information to the memory card. A software package developedto work with this device enables the end user to view a map indicating where each impactoccurred. The impact data is retrieved by inserting the memory card into a PC or PDA.Information about the strength and time of each impact is displayed on a map.The design project has won first place as the best design project at Ohio Northern University(ONU) and second place in the IEEE-Student Activities Conference 2009. The paper presentsthe technical content of the design, the assessment of the design with respect to ABET criteriona-k, and the advantages of and recommendations for industry-sponsored projects.IntroductionThe senior design course -also

Conference Session

Instructional Innovations in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Davis, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

the CurriculumIn order to further this effort we needed to incorporate LEED and other ‘green building’ conceptsinto architectural and construction curriculum. While many programs have introducedenvironmental sustainability lecture courses into the curriculum, we have decided to makesustainability central to the mission of our upper level design classes. It is through problemsolving design projects that students best learn to research, understand, analyze, and apply theirknowledge of sustainable concepts. More than ever, leading design and construction firms arelooking for recent graduates that can help them create the environmentally sensitive buildings thepublic demands.This new focus on building better buildings has meant great potential

Conference Session

Attracting Young MINDS in Engineering - Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quintin Hughes, University of Oklahoma; Randa Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

for building the S&E workforce.7-10 Nearly 80% of surveyed underrepresented chemistsand chemical engineers believed that women and underrepresented minorities do not participatein the STEM fields because they are not encouraged to do so at a young age. The problem isexacerbated in college with 60% responding that college is a place of active discouragement. Thestudy found pervasive stereotypes “that STEM isn’t for girls or minorities” as one of the majorcontributors to underrepresentation in the sciences.11 Many researchers working toward the common goal of increasing recruitment,enrollment, and graduation of African Americans in engineering have attributed much of thedisparity between African Americans and White and Asian

Conference Session

CE Capstone: Innovations in Learning & Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregg Fiegel, California Polytechnic State University; Jay DeNatale, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

switch to a structured course formatfor Senior Project. Other civil engineering programs had demonstrated prior success indeveloping structured capstone design courses for their students 1,2,3,4. More recently, otherauthors have discussed their experiences with civil engineering capstone design courses 5,6.In developing the focus of the new course, the faculty members decided to combine an integrateddesign exercise with elements of the program's existing course on "professional practice" in civilengineering. This course had been taught as a senior-level elective for the past ten years and hadproven to be popular with the students. Over a third of our graduating seniors filled the courseeach year. Other civil engineering programs have developed

Conference Session

Issues and Directions in ET Education & Administration: Part III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Terri Talbert-Hatch, Indiana University; Adrie Koehler, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Damon Hathaway, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Kelly Keelen, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

college in a timely manner.Initially, when approaching how to investigate areas in the GREAT framework, the task forcedeveloped research questions to use as a guide in the exploration. Additionally, best practiceswere considered for each area. This aided in creating a foundation to build a plan addressingstrengths and weaknesses in each component of GREAT.GraduateSince the GREAT framework examines school improvement from a reverse-engineeringstandpoint, graduation is the starting point in the process. Increasing graduation rates is aconstant struggle for urban universities and many factors were discussed to address issues thatcurrently prevent students from graduating in a timely matter. Urban colleges typically attract alarger population of

Conference Session

Incorporating Advanced Technologies into Curriculums

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wells, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2010-33: A STRATEGY FOR INCORPORATING ADVANCEDMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES INTO UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATIONDavid Wells, North Dakota State University David L. Wells has been Professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at North Dakota State University since January 2000. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in process engineering and production engineering systems design and in product innovation and entrepreneurialism. His instruction is characterized by heavy reliance upon project-based, design-centric learning. Course projects are drawn from real industrial applications with real industrial constraints, often interactive with a corporate sponsor. Students are challenged to

Conference Session

CE Capstone: Innovations in Learning & Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Fries, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Brad Cross, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Susan Morgan, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

). This list is not comprehensive, but rather a synopsisof schools having published best practices on the topic. Because of these previous endeavors,there is a wealth of knowledge about challenges and best practices for these types of seniordesign courses. These studies include capstone courses that include industry-supervised work,international projects, and multidisciplinary projects.The University of Kentucky‟s capstone course includes projects in coordination with localindustry. During this project, students learned more about the true management of a project, howto work with clients and senior engineers, and how the design process fits within the largerframework of the business world and the local community. While scheduling and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mrinal Saha, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Bipul Barua, University of Oklahoma; Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University

, implementation, and evaluationplan for teaching manufacturing engineering course at University of Oklahoma andTuskegee University. The pedagogical effectiveness of the CSI system covering fourdifferent areas - (i) students’ learning, (ii) students’ attitude towards engineering, (iii)retention of students, and (iv) usability of the CSI system are also discussed.IntroductionOver the years the U.S. engineering schools are facing decline in students’ enrollmentand graduation rate with the exception of top academic institutions [1-6]. This trend isnot only related to the level of complexity associated with science and engineeringeducation, but also the medium of instruction practiced which often leads to the students’lack of willingness to learn abstract

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jade Mitchell-Blackwood, Drexel University; Manuel Figueroa, Drexel University; Chatchai Kokar, Drexel University; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

fellows from different disciplines through each classroom toaid in this regard. Some background about engineering research and engineering practice couldserve to diffuse potential misconceptions. Introducing the students to practicing engineers inaddition to fellows, who primarily conduct research, could also help to avoid misconceptionsabout what engineers do in practice. While there is a design component to good research, it isless tangible then the work of practicing engineers.Students‘ final responses indicate they were impacted by the specific activities implemented bythe fellows, as well. They changed their perception of what tools engineers use based on the toolsthey used during the program. The closed-ended responses also indicated that