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Displaying results 211 - 240 of 347 in total
Conference Session
Software Engineering Projects
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thomas Reichlmayr, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Software Engineering Constituent Committee
criteria. We elected not to have all teams develop the same app, but to let the teamscollaboratively define their own apps. In doing so the teams spent the initial part of the projectwriting their own user stories. One member of the team was appointed Product Owner to resolveproposed feature conflicts. This activity allowed everyone to participate in the writing andestimation of user stories. We included the initial development of user stories and Android bootcamp as Iteration Zero activities, with the exit criteria from Iteration Zero being that there wouldbe sufficient work defined to support the start of Sprint 1. Page 22.1712.5The instructor
Conference Session
FPD I: Attacking the Problems of Retention in the First Year
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington; Andrew P. Kruzic, University of Texas, Arlington; Beth R. Isbell, University of Texas at Arlington; Lynn L. Peterson, University of Texas, Arlington; Carter Tiernan, University of Texas, Arlington; Vu V. Pham, University of Texas at Arlington
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
engineering).The literature acknowledges shortcomings in bridge program evaluations, especially with regardto long-term outcomes. 6,7 There are studies documenting the impacts of individual programs;however the results are difficult to extrapolate to others on a broad scale.8 Page 22.1047.3Washington et al. found that at-risk students who participated in bridge programs at eight Texascommunity colleges and universities enrolled in fewer credit hours of developmental coursesthan non-participants.9 Results regarding retention and performance for those students are notyet available (at the time of this writing). A University of New Mexico study showed
Conference Session
Computers in Education General Technical Session II
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel J. Waldorf, California Polytechnic State University; Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
running out of time to solve the problems. A homework-type problem set or specific project-based activity is appropriate. Students working in groups are able to receive guidance from other students so that they are kept on focus for the problem at hand. Students benefit also from the chance to teach others during the session. All students have access to informal discussion time with the instructor, who can move from group to group answering questions and making sure that individual students are actually learning for themselves. Indeed, the peer pressure from other students is expected to help enforce an environment of mutual collaboration based on being properly prepared. Aside from the academic benefits of collaborative learning
Conference Session
Evolving Engineering Libraries: Services, Spaces, and Collections
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Megan Sapp Nelson, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
overview resources available to librarians and researchers to quickly grasp themajor issues of this new discipline.A webliography of digital data curation resources, written by Westra et al, 3 is primarily consistsof organizational reports, and as such, gives an excellent broad overview of current issues in theentire field of digital data curation. It was written to provide easy reference to the seminal reportsin the past decade that have shaped the current practices of digital curation. It also includesreferences to listservs, standards, software and open-source journals.The Digital Curation Centre is in the process of creating a Curation Reference Manual.4 At thistime, twelve chapters are written, peer reviewed and published. Another ten are
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Jacquelyn E. Kelly, Arizona State University; Dale R. Baker, Arizona State University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
Ease of Implementation of Innovative Instructional MaterialsHenderson and Dancy made some suggestions to address issues cited above to inform curriculummaterials developers of possible ways to improve implementation of innovative STEM teachingand learning strategies and materials10. They include the following. Provide easily modifiablematerials to help engage faculty in modifying or redesigning their instruction so innovativematerials are easy to use. Another suggestion is in fidelity of implementation of an innovation.For example, effective learning should not just elicit simple answers to contextualized questions,but also engage students in social construction of knowledge by peer discussion of underlyingconceptual justification of responses
Conference Session
Teams and Teamwork in Design
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rob O. Hovsapian, Florida State Univeristy ; Chiang Shih, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Bruce A. Harvey, Florida A&M University/Florida State University, College of Engineering; Okenwa I. Okoli, Florida A&M University/Florida State University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
technical but criticalfor the pursuit of a successful engineering career. These needed skills include: team-orientedmentality, problem solving, project planning and control, project management and writing skills,etc. The purpose of the Senior Design Project is to pull them all together and apply them towardsthe design and implementation of a project and to afford the students an opportunity to experienceteam-based design under conditions that closely resemble those that will be encountered in realworld. Students working in teams will develop and sharpen skills in team organization, timemanagement, self-discipline, and technical writing, in order to be successful in this course. Animportant goal of this course is to expose students to “hands-on
Conference Session
Capstone Design II
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eric Paul Pearson, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Electronic Systems
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE). He is currently the President of the Southern Association of Colleges and Employers (SoACE) having presented preconference workshops and sessions during the SoACE conference each year since 2006. In his spare time Eric has authored two books; ”Ryan’s Stories: God’s Perfect Child” (self-published),”A Common Sense approach to Leadership,” is currently writing bedtime stories, and is preparing to start a murder mystery novel. Page 22.882.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Innovative Senior Project Program Partnering
Conference Session
SPECIAL SESSION: Interdisciplinary Course Design Opportunities for Chemical Engineers
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Baba Abdul, Washington State University; Edgar A. O'Rear, University of Oklahoma; Gary Robert Brown, Washington State University, Office of Assessment and Innovation; Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; Paul B. Golter, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
, and his impression about who is the primary determinant of the outcome [15].The value of the task is influenced by general or individual interest, its inherent challenge, thevalue attached to it by peers, its relationship to long range goals of the learner and the immediatepay off. The self confidence of the learner is influenced by his record of success at same orsimilar task, possession of all or most of the skills required for task completion, persuasion bypeer or someone else that success is possible, seeing peers succeed at the same task and theperceived difficulty of the task. The learner’s perception of the primary determinant of theoutcome is influenced by the perceived situation of control (internal or external), flexibility ofthe
Conference Session
Two Year-to-Four Year Transfer Topics Part I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Julie A. Rursch, Iowa State University; Douglas W. Jacobson, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
the Iowa State University Information Assurance Center. Dr. Jacobson teaches network security and information warfare and has written a textbook on network security. Dr. Jacobson has received two R&D 100 awards for his security technology and has two patents in the area of computer security. Dr. Jacobson has given over 50 presentations in the area of computer security and has testified in front of the U.S. Senate committee of the Judiciary on security issues associated with peer-to-peer networking. Page 22.127.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 AAS + 2
Conference Session
Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown; Lea Campbell, University of Houston, Downtown
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
engineer in the group. d) At the next design meeting, focus the agenda on the impact of J. T.‟s behavior on the success of the project and threaten to speak with the project manager if he does not “shape up.” e) Have another senior-level engineer in the group have a private conversation with J. T. about his work.The final unit looks at the nuances of teaming within a virtual environment in which fellow teammembers may be located in a distant country and may come from diverse backgrounds. Toolswhich can be used to support and enhance virtual collaboration are explored. Discussion boardsand collaborative writing and editing within a course management program or via a documentediting program like Google Docs are used to
Conference Session
Active and Project-Based Learning
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lauren A. Rockenbaugh, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daria A. Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder; Derek T. Reamon, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
agricultural tools for developingcommunities.MethodsA pre-project survey was piloted in February 2010 to determine a baseline for ComponentDesign students’ attitudes toward engineering as a practice and profession, attitudes towardservice-learning and community, sense of belonging in engineering and “seeing” themselves as Page 22.1192.6engineers, confidence in technical skills specific to Component Design and non-technical skillsincluding teamwork, communication, and technical writing. All of the students in the coursewere required to complete the survey for a portion of their homework grade. The 21-questionsurvey was administered halfway through the
Conference Session
Understanding Our Students
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Ozgur Eris, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
-engineering extracurricular activities and internship experiences, her m/c peer viewed suchactivities as encroaching on her limited time. We argue that a student‟s level of non-academicinvolvement is related to the importance she ascribes to professional and interpersonal skills inengineering. Implications for engineering educators and suggestions for further research arediscussed.IntroductionFindings from the recent Academic Pathways Study (APS) sponsored by the Center forAdvancement of Engineering Education (CAEE) have shown that intrinsic psychologicalmotivation to study engineering and confidence in professional and interpersonal skills are keypredictors of engineering seniors‟ future plans1. Sheppard et al. (2010) have also shown that,when taken
Conference Session
Aerospace First-Year Project-Based Learning
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Leslie Olsen, University of Michigan; Peter D. Washabaugh, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
22.879.2The impetus for this study is to compare this course against its peers and attempt to identify ifthere is a quantitative change in the academic performance of alumni of the course. Anothermotivation has been to quantify anecdotal evidence of changes in the spectrum of the studentpopulation taking the course and the means for this change: the number of students taking thecourse that express an interest in Aerospace Engineering has not been keeping pace with thegrowth in the course. In particular, in diagnosing team dynamics, we found that students withsome type of passion for the activity were mostly like to find the time to be available andparticipate. We have used course surveys and interviews7, but in an attempt to obtain quantitativeproof
Conference Session
Two-Year College Special Topics Potpourri
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Tracy D Blake, Utah State University; Wade H. Goodridge, Utah State University; David Dwight Sam PhD, Utah State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
majorrequirements. Finally, we felt it important to our retention goals to devote some time to preparingregional students for academic life on main campus through introduction to the use of the libraryand online library resources, writing center, and popular university clubs that appeal to engineers(e.g. Engineers without Borders).Thus, we decided to improvise on the current course, retaining the majority of content andtextbook and striving to bring in multi-disciplinary activities (paper based or hands-on) into thedistance setting. While we decided to forgo the cooperative learning piece; we agreed instead toplay to our perceived strong suit: a multi-disciplinary team of instructors willing tocollaboratively teach the course in order to get the Pre
Conference Session
Architechtural Engineering Eduction: Emergent Topics
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Cherif Megri, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
ethics study(including preparation of a code of ethics by students), and preparation of a complete project reportthat contains all design drawings and calculations. This course also involve leadership and oral andwriting components as part of their learning objectives.The student performance in courses involving laboratory also includes evaluation of laboratory reportsrequired from students. Grading of laboratory reports is rigorous and involves evaluation of technicalcontents, clarity and coherence of presented materials, and writing skills.Most of the architectural engineering senior level courses also involve projects. In addition to homeworkproblems, exams, etc. the student evaluation in these courses is also achieved through review of
Conference Session
Experiential Learning and Globalization in BME
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jonathan Sanghoon Lee, University of Virginia; Shing Wai Yam, University of Virginia; William H. Guilford, University of Virginia
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
valuable skills such as theability to “explain, present, discuss, and defend [one’s] work to peers, advisors, and otherfaculty” [1], understanding how scientists and engineers work on real problems, analyzing andinterpreting data, and learning lab techniques [2].As undergraduate programs and institutions grow, it becomes difficult to successfully matchstudents to laboratories. Apart from identifying labs that are willing to accept undergraduates,successful matching requires an as yet unknown combination of interests, skills, implicit orexplicit mindsets, and demographic factors. In a single department these factors may be knownto a limited extent of both the labs and the undergraduate applicants. With enough priorexperience one might intuit a good
Conference Session
ETD Design II: Mechanical Engineering Technology
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Janet Braun, Western Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
of the five areas.As data were collected during one term on a class of only 10 students, the extensive quantitativeanalysis was not conducted. The small class size did, however, allow for the use of thereflective exercises which would have been burdensome to review for a larger class.Reflective ExercisesPre-course ReflectionsThe very first day of class, students were asked to reflect and write an essay on leadership andteamwork. This essay was designed to have students assess their current understanding of Page 22.1231.4various team roles along with their strengths and weaknesses in each of the roles. Students wereasked to address each of
Conference Session
Great Ideas for Projects that Teach Instrumentation
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Zengqian Wang, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sven K. Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
plasticity theory, structural design and analysis, engineering analysis and finite element methods and has interests in remote laboratories, project-based learning and student learning assessment. His research is in the areas of remote sensing and control with applications to remote experimentation as well as modeling of microstructure changes in metal forming processes. He publishes regularly in peer-reviewed conference proceedings and scientific journals. At the 2006 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition in Chicago, USA, he received the Best Paper Award for his article ’A Virtual Laboratory on Fluid Mechanics’.Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology
Conference Session
Computers in Education General Technical Session I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yizhe Chang, Stevens Institute of Technology; El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sven K. Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
analysis, engineering analysis and finite element methods and has interests in remote laboratories, project-based learning and student learning assessment. His research is in the areas of remote sensing and control with applications to remote experimentation as well as modeling of microstructure changes in metal forming processes. He publishes regularly in peer-reviewed conference proceedings and scientific journals. At the 2006 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition in Chicago, USA, he received the Best Paper Award for his article ’A Virtual Laboratory on Fluid Mechanics’.Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Technical Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Magdalini Z. Lagoudas, Texas A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
not effective to keep students’ interest in their majors. This is particularlytrue for the engineering majors.There are efforts to cultivate more student-centered learning pedagogies in higher education(Bransford, Brown, and Cocking, 2000; McKenna, Yalvac, and Light, 2009). Transformingengineering education context from a teacher-centered orientation to a learner-centeredorientation is a common interest in engineering education research. Group work, formativeassessment, contextualized instruction, use of peer review and self-reflective tools, and out-ofclass collaborations are some learning-centered instructional strategies (Bransford, Brown, andCocking, 2000; Yalvac, Smith, Hirsch, and Troy, 2007; Yalvac, Smith, Hirsch, & Birol, 2006
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Michael C. Loui, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees
to understand, their knowledge can sometimes be incomplete or inaccurate. Forexample, the FCI revealed that students struggle to learn the force concept much more than theirinstructors initially believed14. Instructors also may not fully know which misconceptions areprevalent among their students or even how students misunderstand core concepts. Studentsmust be interviewed to determine which topics are truly difficult and why students fail tounderstand these core concepts correctly. If possible, these interviews should catalogue specific,identifiable misconceptions about standard problems in the discipline.Step 3. Write concept inventory items and draft the concept inventory: Using data from Step 2,CI developers should construct multiple
Conference Session
Program Criteria, Assessment, and Sustainability in Civil Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mikhail Gershfeld, S.E., California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Judith Ellen Sheine, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Gary LeMarr McGavin, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Department of Architecture
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
steady; there is increasing interest among stu- dents in interdisciplinary classes as they realize that this is the future of the professions. It is worthwhile to mention, that a number of the guest design professionals regularly serve as judges for the class reviews and find the experience inspirational and look forward to serving on the panel each year. Here is a comment from one of the design professionals serving as a judge. “The Cal Poly Pomona AE design studio project review process is rewarding to both the students and the reviewers…. The peer review process using professional architects and engineers is unique to this class, and gives the students valuable insight into professional expectations when defending
Conference Session
Improving Visualization Skills
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nancy E. Study, Virginia State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
tend tobe lower than their non-minority peers, especially so at HBCUs. Previous studies found thatstudents enrolled in introductory engineering graphics courses at Virginia State University, anHBCU, had lower than average test scores on the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test:Visualization of Rotations (PSVT) when it was administered during the first week of class.Because of the positive correlation between visualization ability and academic success in STEMcourses, changes were made to the engineering graphics courses to add a variety of visualizationenhancing activities including the use of sketching, blocks and multimedia. The result of theseactivities was improvement of the students’ visualization abilities and it was hypothesized thatthis
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Renat Letfullin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
nanostructures for photodynamic therapy and diagnosis of cancer. The ultimate goalis to acquire skills in computer modeling of physical principals for selectivenanophotothermolysis of cancer cells involving nanooptics, heat-mass transfer around laser-heated intracellular nanostructures, cell ablation, microbubble dynamics and nanoclusteraggregation.This is a science-oriented multidisciplinary course where the students secure solid training in researchtechniques, including the development of sophisticated numerical simulation methods for solvingcomplex problems in cancer nanomedicine, research skills working on regular assignments, presentingtheir results, getting experience in writing research reports/papers, and experimental
Conference Session
Technology in the ECE Classroom
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dale S.L. Dolan, California Polytechnic State University; Vladimir I. Prodanov, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Taufik Taufik, California Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
technologies.Vladimir I Prodanov, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 Vlad Prodanov received MS and Ph.D. degrees, both in electrical engineering, from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1995 and 1997 respectively. He was with Bell Laboratories, Lucent Tech- nologies from 1997 until 2000 and Agere Systems (now LSI Logic) from 2000 to 2004. From 2004 to 2008 he was member of MHI Consulting, New Providence, NJ. Currently, he is an assistant professor with EE Dept., Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA. Mr. Prodanov has worked on various electronic systems for communications and contributed to two dozen peer-reviewed publications, three book chapters, and seventeen granted US patents
Conference Session
Project-Based Education in Energy Curriculum
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Engineering; Sridhar S. Condoor, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
sponsor’s needs, and (3) systemsengineering concepts including project management, team work, communications, and ethics etc.Multidisciplinary design teams are used whereby the students interact with their peers and withthe faculty inside and outside of the class room. Some design examples are offered to show ourexperiences of incorporating Renewable Energy projects in the senior design course, like designand development of a biomass bioreactor test-bench, design and development of vertical axiswind turbine. The primary goal of the projects is to provide students with a deeper understandingof the need for renewable energy sources, the advantages and disadvantages of a particularenergy type, and the global and economic impact of the chosen energy
Conference Session
Unique Developments in Engineering Technology
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Julie M. Little-Wiles, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Adrie Koehler, Purdue University; Stephen Hundley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
course was also suggested. The ability ofstudents to upload pictures and write an introduction about themselves to their instructor and classmatesprovides students with a “connection” to one another. This, in turn, helps students develop relationshipswith fellow classmates that may last long past the course itself.Consolidation is also essential to a successful LMS according to the study results. Students want Page 22.1338.7“control” over their courses and the ability to access all required materials plus collaborate with theirinstructor and classmates at their convenience in one single system. A well managed and detailed LMScan enable
Conference Session
Qualitative Research Programs & International Research Experience from Around the World
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin Kelly, Dublin Institute of Technology; Brian Bowe, Dublin Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
International
Management, Lighting, Sustainable Buildings, Electrical Services Engineering and Organisational Change. He has pre- sented peer reviewed papers at ASEE annual conferences in Hawaii and Austin, SEFI and SEFI/IGIP conferences in Norway, Finland, Hungary, Turkey, Slovakia and Ireland in the last four years.Brian Bowe, Dublin Institute of Technology Page 22.1207.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Qualitative Research in Engineering EducationIntroductionEngineering education programs provide students with the knowledge, understanding,skills and competences required to
Conference Session
Capstone Design Projects in ECE
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Flynn, California State University, Northridge; Sharlene Katz, California State University, Northridge
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Defined Radio in Multidisciplinary Senior Design ProjectsAbstractIn this past year’s senior design program at California State University, Northridge (CSUN),faculty assigned two six-person teams with year-long design projects utilizing software definedradio (SDR). The course structure emulated a real world design project. Faculty acted ascustomers and management, presenting students with a list of requirements and constraints.Students were required to present weekly status updates on their designs, write specifications,documentation and test procedures. Students gained invaluable and in-demand expertise in thisemerging technology, while fulfilling the criteria required by the Accreditation Board forEngineering and
Conference Session
Improving Visualization Skills
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yaomin Dong, Kettering University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Marygrove College
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
10 PTS d) ORAL PRESENTATION 10 PTS e) MODELING 20 PTS f) DETAILED DRAWINGS 20 PTS g) EXPLODED ASSEMBLY DRAWING 15 PTS h) PARTS LIST (BOM) 5 PTS i) PEER EVALUATION 5 PTS TOTAL 100 PTSDeliverable 1) A one page written pre-proposal of the project idea and the proposed mastergroup team members must be submitted by the second class period of 7th Week, and accepted bythe third class period. See Deliverable 4) item 2).Deliverable 2) Each master group must turn in fully