Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaomin Dong Ph.D., Kettering University; Arnaldo Mazzei, Kettering University; Raghu Echempati, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2012-3486: ON THE USE OF A WINDSHIELD WIPER MECHANISMSIMULATION PROJECT TO ENHANCE STUDENT UNDERSTANDINGOF DESIGN TOPICSProf. Yaomin Dong Ph.D., Kettering University Yaomin Dong is Associate Professor of mechanical engineering at Kettering University. He received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering at the University of Kentucky in 1998. Dong has extensive R&D expe- rience in automotive industry and holds multiple patents. Dong’s areas of expertise include metalforming processes, design with composite materials, and finite element analysis.Prof. Arnaldo Mazzei, Kettering University Arnaldo Mazzei is a professor of mechanical engineering at Kettering University. He specializes in dy- namics and vibrations of

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert P. Brazile, University of North Texas; Kathleen Swigger, University of North Texas; Matt Ray Hoyt, University of North Texas; Brian Lee, University of North Texas; Brandon Nelson, University of North Texas

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

the need for effective tools that will enable multi-universitiesto effectively schedule those distributed group projects. This paper presents a Web-based toolthat was developed in the context of a globally distributed software engineering course. TheWeb-based software enables instructors from multi-universities to view instructors’ informationand schedule projects throughout the year. The authors of the paper discuss the challenges increating multi-university projects, as well as present the main features of the software and anexample of how it is being used to create globally distributed software projects.1. IntroductionTeaching students how to work in globally distributed teams is difficult. But figuring out how toschedule the various

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Mark J. Sebern, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

development of an understanding of the problem from the client’s perspective as wellas an analysis of solution alternatives.Unfortunately, in many cases, the software engineering course is offered late in thecurriculum, typically at the senior level. This makes it difficult for students to apply theknowledge that they have learned effectively on capstone and other academic projects.Students often comment that it would have been “nice to know this” before making thewrong decisions on their capstone projects. Thus, to be successful, components of softwareengineering need to be taught earlier in the undergraduate curriculum. This shifting to anearlier level, however, poses pedagogical issues.This paper describes the metamorphosis of an undergraduate

Conference Session

Computers in the Laboratory

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Marie Catchpole; Steven F. Barrett, University of Wyoming; Cameron H.G. Wright P.E., University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

currently serves as Associate Department Head, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Page 25.643.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 For Students By Students: Labware and Courseware DevelopmentAbstractWe have successfully implemented a program whereby students develop labware andcourseware for other students. We have called this approach “For Students By Students orFSBS.” In this program students as either for a senior design or graduate level project design,prototype and implement laboratory equipment and courseware for use

Conference Session

Computers and Simulation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hyun J. Kwon, Andrews University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

practical exposure to it, unless they take additionalelective courses which are seldom offered in undergrad predominant institutes. Simulation hasbecome an essential step in designing and optimizing process in many engineering problems.Therefore, the COMSOL simulation project was assigned to undergraduate CFD as a part oftheir term project to enhance their exposure to simulation software and help understanding theuse of simulation on the model testing. This paper presents a case study of an undergraduatefluid dynamics project where students were challenged to design a shape, estimate the drag andlift coefficient through the COMSOL simulation. The study was assessed by quizzes to evaluatethe simulation enhanced understanding of the fluid concepts

Conference Session

Computers in the Laboratory

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erik A. Mayer, Pittsburg State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Testbench and Simulation VHDL Testbench and Simulation Altium DesignerTesting FPGAs with Virtual Testing FPGAs with Virtual Altium DesignerInstruments Instruments NanoBoard 3000Using Soft Microprocessor Cores Embedded Programming with C Altium Designeron FPGAs Language NanoBoard 3000Final Project Altium Designer NanoBoard 3000

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yogendra M. Panta, Youngstown State University; Hyun W. Kim, Youngstown State University; Param C Adhikari, Youngstown State University; Sanket Aryal, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2012-5358: WORK-IN-PROGRESS: INTEGRATION OF HANDS-ONCOMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) IN UNDERGRADUATE CUR-RICULUMDr. Yogendra M. Panta, Youngstown State University Yogen Panta is an Assistant Professor of mechanical engineering at Youngstown State University, Ohio. He has been teaching and developing courses and research projects in the fluid thermal area. He is cur- rently conducting applied research in thermo-fluids and computational fluid dynamics with local indus- tries and federal agencies. Panta received a B.E. degree from Tribhuvan University, an M.S. degree from Youngstown State University, and a Ph.D. degree from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Panta’s research interests are in fluid dynamics

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan M. Hill, University of Hartford; Ying Yu, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2012-5302: THE CPLD PROVIDES A THIRD OPTION IN THE IN-TRODUCTORY LOGIC CIRCUITS COURSEDr. Jonathan M. Hill, University of Hartford Jonathan Hill is an Associate Professor in electrical and computer engineering at the University of Hart- ford in Connecticut. He has a Ph.D. and M.S.E.E. from Worcester Polytechnic Inst. in Worcester, Mass., and was previously a Project Engineer at Digital Equipment Corp. He instructs graduate and undergrad- uate computer engineering computer courses, directs graduate research, and performs research involving embedded microprocessor based systems. His current projects involve small system design, signal pro- cessing, and intelligent instrumentation.Dr. Ying Yu, University of Hartford

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nader Rafla, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

research program in applied image processing. In January, 1997, He joined the newly developed electrical and computer engineering program at Boise State University where he is currently an Associate professor and chair of the Electrical Engineering Department. He led the development and starting of the M.S. of Computer Engineering; He taught several courses and supervised numerous M.S. thesis and Senior Design Projects. He also has conducted research and consulted in R&D for Micron Technology, Hewlett Packard and others. Dr. Rafla’s area of expertise is systems on a programmable chip and embedded & microprocessor-based system design; Neuromorphic systems; and implementation and hardware architectures of

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thalia Anagnos, San Jose State University; Alicia L. Lyman-Holt, Oregon State University; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

trips that engage students in active learning about relevant technicaltopics and provide opportunities to share a common experience and build or strengthenrelationships with their peers. Between orientation and the YRS students spend eight weeks atthe research site working with graduate students and mentors on a research project. Throughtechnology-mediated experiences the REU students can continue their networking andcollaborations established at orientation. Collectively, both the face-to-face and online eventsare critical to establishing and maintaining a network of professional peers. We describe some ofthe details necessary to support the development of network of cohesive REU students.When possible the REU orientation event, is scheduled

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan M. Hill, University of Hartford; Devdas Shetty, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2012-5316: LOW-COST EDUCATIONAL LASER BASED VIBRATIONMEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED SIGNAL CONDITION-ING, PYTHON AND MATLABDr. Jonathan M. Hill, University of Hartford Jonathan Hill is an Associate Professor in electrical and computer engineering at the University of Hart- ford in Connecticut. He has a Ph.D. and M.S.E.E. from Worcester Polytechnic Inst. in Worcester, Mass., and he was previously a Project Engineer at Digital Equipment Corp. He instructs graduate and un- dergraduate computer engineering computer courses, directs graduate research, and performs research involving embedded microprocessor based systems. His current projects involve small system design, signal processing, and intelligent

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barry E. Mullins P.E., Air Force Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

10 Maintain Access 23-Feb 11 Covering Tracks 25-Feb Exam 2-Mar Final Project 4-Mar Final Project 9-Mar Final Project 11-Mar Final Project2.3.3 Assessment ToolsThe following tools are used to assess student performance. As shown in Table 3, one in-class,individual-effort exam is given toward the end of the quarter and covers all course material; theexam accounts for 30% of the grade. Given our students typically work in teams aftergraduation, all other assessment tools require the students to

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald C. Gannod, Miami University; Kristen M. Bachman, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

objectives: to provide students withincreased access to technical knowledge and to facilitate communication between differentstakeholders on projects. Our experience on the use of social networks has encompassed avariety of platforms including Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. We have used the platforms ona diverse set of courses in computer science, including courses on data structures, softwarearchitectures, web services, and the senior design/senior capstone where we have providedstudents with learning experiences that are not only relevant in the classroom but also closelymodel workplace activities. Based on our experience, we have categorized the strengths andweaknesses of using different social networks by looking at generic activities that

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David N Raizen, UMES; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra Ph.D, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

-physical system in a way that would not be possible otherwise. figure 2. The Chesapeake Bay Community Model Visualization Tool, displaying nitrogen data for the Lower Potomac River basin.2.Methods - Creation of the Web InterfaceTo accomplish the goals of this project, the authors created a web-based interface to the Phase 5Model. This software package runs on a Linux operating system, in a command lineenvironment. Users input data into the model in the form of a large number of text filesspecifying the details of the watershed environment to be used in the run. Taken together theseinput files are referred to as a scenario. The model is then run by issuing a series of commandsand the results are output as text files

Conference Session

Online Learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael E. Auer, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences; Diana Vasilica Pop; Danilo Garbi Zutin P.E., Carinthia University of Applied Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

- line labs. Garbi Zutin is currently a Senior Researcher and team member of the Center of Competence in Online Laboratories and Open Learning (CCOL) at the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences (CUAS), Villach, Austria, where he has been engaged in projects for the development of online laboratories. In Jan. 2010, Garbi Zutin was appointed Secretary General of the International Association of Online En- gineering and, in the following year, Secretary General of IGIP (International Society for Engineering Education). Garbi Zutin is author or co-author of more than 30 scientific papers published in international journals, magazines, and conferences. Most of these papers are in the field of online laboratories and

Conference Session

Computers in the Laboratory

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Biswanath Samanta, Georgia Southern University; Jonathan G. Turner, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

GeorgiaSouthern University was motivated by the need to provide an integrated learner-centeredenvironment and exciting opportunities for research at undergraduate and graduate levels.Rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II, lab facilities that include the hardwareand software platforms are discussed. Various experiments that are currently offered for differentcourses are briefly presented in Section III. A few experiments are presented as examples. Thecurrently on-going research projects and topics are mentioned in Section IV. The survey resultsfor the courses offered in the lab so far are presented in Section V. The concluding remarks aregiven in Section VI.II. Lab FacilitiesThe lab equipment are grouped in six broad areas: (i

Conference Session

Tablets Large and Small

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Virginia Tech; Christopher B. Williams, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

from a cognitive perspective19.Therefore, it is wise to include digital ink in instructional activities when a university has a TPCrequirement versus a laptop requirement. Digital ink use is widely reported in the literature. Themost common method of incorporating digital ink into the classroom is via instructor and studentannotation of instructor-create content (e.g., lecture slides)18,20. In the typical case, an instructorannotates slides and those annotations are passed on to the student. Then, the student can addfurther, personal annotations. Due to its availability in a limited number of software packages,one less reported use of digital ink is for the instructor to annotate their own projected slides,with these private annotations

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Te-shun Chou, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. To run theexperiments, virtualization technique is used in building a network in a single physical hostmachine. Multiple virtual machines are created for attacks generation and collection. In eachvirtual machine, a variety of network tools and services are implemented. The virtual machinesexecute the applications just as a normal physical machine would. All of the experimental attacksare confined inside the virtual network. For each attack category, one attack is demonstrated indetailed steps in the project. Furthermore, each student is asked to simulate one attack for eachcategory. The attack traffic traces are analyzed and their attack signatures are extracted. All ofthe analysis results are then used in the design of Snort rule of Snort

Conference Session

Computers and Simulation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt C. Gramoll, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

reasonable network bandwidth.The project can be separated into three main parts. The first being the web-based tool that allowsstudents the ability to change basic parameters for common engineering problems. The tool alsoplots the results returned from the. The tool must communicate with the server through astandard network protocol, such as HTTP or RTMP (Adobe format) [3] and send basicinformation about the design to the server. The second component in the system is the cluster jobcontrol program. This program is called from the web tool and allocates the cluster resources,sets run conditions, and sends the problem parameters to one of the cluster compute nodes(attached servers). The actual problem calculations are in the third component of the

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Oliver Cristy, Virginia Tech; Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

e-textbooks users can annotate in the text with e-ink, mark importantsections, search over the e-ink, the text or even the scanned images, look up items in onlinedictionaries or encyclopedias, perform interactive reinforcement drills, view simulations, andmany other operations afforded by the computing power of the underlying computer and thereach of the Internet connection.This project works to implement an e-textbook with as much capability as possible usingsoftware tools that are already in place. Although standalone e-readers have been built, most donot provide the features necessary to improve upon the traditional paper reading experience. Thee-textbook add-in seeks to improve OneNote’s capabilities as a reader, especially on tablets

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Ali Yalcin, University of South Florida; Gwen Lee-Thomas, Old Dominion University and Quality Measures, LLC; Duc T. Nguyen, Old Dominion University; Melinda R. Hess; James A. Eison, University of South Florida; Ram Pendyala, Arizona State University; Glen H. Besterfield, University of South Florida; Corina M. Owens, Battelle Memorial Institute

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

decision support in healthcare, and engineering educa- tion research. He teaches courses in the areas of systems modeling and performance analysis, information systems design, production planning, facilities design, and systems simulation. He is also the co-author of the Design of Industrial Information Systems textbook which was awarded the 2007 IIE/Joint Publishers Book-of-the-Year Award.Dr. Gwen Lee-Thomas, Old Dominion University and Quality Measures, LLC Gwen Lee-Thomas, Ph.D., is currently serving as the Assistant to the President and Provost for Special Projects at Old Dominion University and CEO of Quality Measures, LLC. Lee-Thomas has been an ex- ternal consultant for more than 13 years, serving businesses as

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xin Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Krishna Madhavan, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

students’ learning experiences in the next section.2.2 Engineering Students’ Learning ExperiencesOne of the major research projects regarding engineering students’ experiences is the AcademicPathways Study (APS) conducted by the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education(CAEE). APS consists a series of longitudinal and multi-institutional studies on undergraduateengineering students’ learning experiences and their transition to work. It involved over 5,400students across the country. The research team included over 130 faculty, research scientists,graduate and undergraduate research assistants, and staff representing 12 universities and sixnational organizations. They used various research methods including surveys, structuredinterviews

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dirk Schaefer, Georgia Institute of Technology; J. Lane Thames, Georgia Institute of Technology; Robert Donald Wellman Jr., Georgia Institute of Technology; Dazhong Wu, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sungshik Yim, Georgia Institute of Technology; David W. Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

categories: (1) service consumers, (2) serviceproducers, and (2) service managers. Service consumers utilize the services offered by theCBDM. Service consumers include, for example, students participating in distributed design andmanufacturing projects, researchers/engineers investigating a new design prototypes, orcompanies with geographically distributed manufacturing shops that need to manufacture thecomponents of a new product. Service producers provide human resources in term of intellectualcapital and labor that result in provisioning of useful services. For example, a laboratory assistantor production manager could be a service producer who installs a new set of devices andequipment into the CBDM and integrates these components to form a new

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

xue zhang; Debbie Vogel, Sprint; Mahesh K. Banavar, Arizona State University; Shuang Hu; Andreas S. Spanias, Arizona State University; Photini Spanias; Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

university “ASU ID”) is customizable andincludes apps that we developed at our university from the ground up for STEM education. Wenote that previous attempts to create customized portals for universities have also been attemptedby mobile communications service providers to expand their student customer base on collegecampuses (example shown in Figure 1).The difference in our effort is that we include and customize not only the usualsports/entertainment and university service/access apps but we focus specifically on includingSTEM oriented apps (see Figure 2), some of which were created as part of an NSF project. Forexample we created an Android app for performing mathematical and signal analysis simulationson Android smart phones and tablets. We

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gonca Altuger-Genc, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Yegin Genc, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

mandatory senior level Process Control course in PlasticsEngineering Department at University of Massachusetts Lowell. In the Fall 2011semester 33 undergraduate students were enrolled, 31 of them choose to participate in theself-directed lifelong learning experience. The course teaches principles of controlsystems, process block diagrams, feedback control, process monitoring, DOE, SPC/SQC,and Taguchi methods. The class meets on Tuesdays and Thursdays for 1 hour 15 minutelong sessions. Following each class meeting, students were assigned homework. DuringFall 2011 semester a total of 22 homework assignments were given. The total weight ofthe homework assignments was 25% of the course grade. The course also included twoseparate projects, both of which

Conference Session

Online Learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hatem M. Wasfy, Advanced Science and Automation Corp.; Tamer M. Wasfy, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Jeanne Peters, Advanced Science and Automation Corp.; Hazim A. El-Mounayri, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

panels, and tires. She has also worked on numerous projects to create advanced engineering design and learning environments, which include mul- timodal user interfaces for space systems. As Vice President of Information Technology, Peters directs the development of advanced virtual reality applications, including scientific visualization applications and web-based multimedia education/training applications.Dr. Hazim A. El-Mounayri, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis Hazim El-Mounayri is an Associate Professor of M.E. and the Co-director of the Advanced Engineering and Manufacturing Laboratory (AEML) at IUPUI. The AEML is currently conducting research in virtual manufacturing and intelligent (multiscale

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lin Li, Prairie View A&M University; Jaime Israel Juarez, Prairie View A&M University; Yonggao Yang, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

system where different programmingconcepts can be tried by students. Students can interact with the animation as if they werediscussing a problem with a professor. Students can see their scores once a training module iscompleted. Other functionalities like class stats generation are also being integrated into thesystem. Some snapshots of the system and training activity are depicted in Figure 6 and 7. Figure 6. Snapshots of a student taking a training of two interactive questions Figure 7. Snapshots of an instructor editing learning modules and course informationOngoing Project at PVAMU and ImplementationOur system and learning modules have unique features that other courseware does not have.Through pilot testing of several

Conference Session

Computers and Simulation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaobo Peng, Prairie View A&M University; Blesson Isaac, Prairie View A&M University; Richard T. Wilkins, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

nanotechnology has nowbrought urgent challenges to undergraduate engineering education: How to integrate theemerging nanotechnologies into classroom teaching? How to prepare our students fortomorrow’s highly competitive global job markets? And how to maintain the US’s leadershipand dominance in science and technology in an era of globalization?Funded by Department of Education, a project is carried out to integrate nanotechnology into theundergraduate science and engineering curricula through a sequential preparation approach fromintroductory freshman to the advanced senior level. The curricula are reinforced by innovativecomputer simulations and state-of-the-art nanomaterials laboratory experiments anddemonstrations. The work presented in this paper is

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rajeev K. Agrawal, North Carolina A&T State University; Zachary Kurmas, Grand Valley State University; Venkat N. Gudivada, Marshall University; Naser El-Bathy P.E., North Carolina A&T State University; Cameron Seay, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

were assigned as 3-4weeks projects, whereas Metro and Igel Ärgern were 6- to 8-week term projects. Students weregiven intermediate deadlines to keep them focused.Game Programming Topics Covered Language File I/O Data Exceptions GUI/Text Inheritance StructureNumbrix Java X Array X BothMetro Java Array X GUI XConnect Java X Array X BothfourIgel Java X Array, X GUI XÄrgern

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Howard Whitston, University of South Alabama; Adam Thomas Moore, University of South Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

processing.A parser is used to process string input into a form that will be evaluated by a program which forthis project could be an array containing the tokens of interest4. The initial application for the useof a parser to this problem would be to define a grammar, which is a description of a language,that would match the Boolean theorems and replace them with the simplified input. The parsingapproach was attractive because grammars can be recursively defined, which would solve theproblem posed by a regular expression-based solution. This is an unusual use of a parser, since itis generally not the purpose of the parser to manipulate the data, but rather to put it into a formfor manipulation by some other part of the program4