Conference Session

Retention of Women Students II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Wang, University of California, Berkeley; Eli Patten, University of California, Berkeley; Ryan Shelby, University of California, Berkeley; Farzana Ansari, University of California, Berkeley; Lisa A. Pruitt, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

appreciationfor the experience and skills gained from the leadership module, as well as an increase inconfidence for women as engineers.IntroductionProfessional skills are often underemphasized in engineering programs. These “soft” skills –proficiencies such as leadership, teamwork, and communication – are important attributes of asuccessful engineer. Traditional engineering curricula and lecture formats need to be revised toenhance these professional skills, as “the quality of future engineers depends very much on thequality of engineering education”1. Service learning and design projects are new pedagogicalmethods found to be effective in nurturing these skills2,3. Moreover, service learning has thepotential to attract and retain women in engineering4

Conference Session

Government Policy, Manufacturing Education, and Certification

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald J. Bennett F.ASEE, F.ABET P.E., Univeristy of Saint Thomas; Elaine R. Millam

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Page 25.879.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 1 LEADERSHIP EDUCATION FOR ENGINEERS: ENGINEERING SCHOOLS’ INTEREST AND PRACTICEAbstractLeadership has long been a hot topic in business and education, but until recently has not been afocus in science and engineering. Based on our experience in expanding the curriculum toincorporate a series of leadership courses for graduate engineering students, we were interestedin knowing whether others were teaching leadership in their programs. We wanted access toinformation on other engineering programs that was not available in the literature

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Spendlove, Baker College, Flint; Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint; James Riddell, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

one project from a first or secondyear class and one from a third, fourth or fifth year class that demonstrates we are meeting theoutcome. This also fits in well with our learning centered instruction initiative at the college sowe can not only show the school what we’re doing but show them how it fits into the confines ofour accrediting body. Page 25.880.5The Program Educational Objectives are to prepare graduates who: 1. demonstrate competencein engineering practice in local and global industry environments, or in related careers ingovernment or academia. 2. exhibit effective communication, team work, and readiness forleadership while

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Crystal Jean DeJaegher, University of Virginia; Jennifer L. Chiu, University of Virginia; M. David Burghardt, Hofstra University; Deborah Hecht, City University of New York; Peter Thomas Malcolm, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Edward Pan, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

questions: 1) How can a technology-enhanced engineering design modulehelp students understand 7th grade common-core mathematics concepts? 2) How can aninformed engineering design approach help students develop an understanding of engineeringdesign and habits of mind?BackgroundEngineering habits of mind include systems thinking, creativity, optimism, collaboration,communication, and attention to ethical considerations.1 Related design skills include divergent–convergent thinking, making decisions, handling uncertainty, generating solutions as a team, andcommunicating with multiple representations.6 Mathematical habits of mind encompass similar Page

Conference Session

Global Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aditya Johri, Virginia Tech; Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

others and also learn important engineering skills. Theseexperiences have been termed service-learning. In addition to curricular activities, varioussocieties and groups such Engineers for a Sustainable World (ESW) and Engineers withoutBorders (EWB), have taken a hold across campuses increasing the opportunities for students toparticipate in community service activities. Many service-learning initiatives have been highly Page 25.882.2successful and have had a significant impact on engineering education. For instance, theEngineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS),1 program at Purdue University receivedthe Bernard M. Gordon Prize by the

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Talbert, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Page 25.883.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Learning MATLAB in the Inverted ClassroomIntroduction: The traditional classroomUniversity courses have retained the same basic structure for hundreds of years. That structurefollows an easily identifiable work flow:1. Students come to a class meeting during which a lecture is given. Students take notes and occasionally ask questions.2. Following the lecture, learners are assigned work to be completed outside of class. This usually takes the form of homework, test preparation, or writing papers.3. The outside-of-class work is submitted or assessed in class. The cycle then repeats.Learning theorists would note that parts 1 and

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leema Kuhn Berland, University of Texas, Austin; David T. Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Cheryl Farmer, UTeachEngineering; Lisa Guerra, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 25.884.2 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Learning Sciences Guided High School Engineering Curriculum DevelopmentEngineering education is increasingly appearing in high school courses—as either astand-alone course or a component of a science course. In either context, engineeringmodules are tasked with multiple goals. In particular, as synthesized in the NationalResearch Council’s13 review of K-12 engineering education, it is expected thatengineering education will: 1.) focus on design and problem solving; 2.) incorporateappropriate STEM concepts and 3.) “promote engineering habits of mind.” High schoolengineering curriculum invariably addresses these goals

Conference Session

Research Informing Teaching Practice II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sensen Li, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

assessmentin their classrooms. The results will illustrate a method for quickly classifying students’ errorsassociated with evaluating engineering systems and recommendations for how to designformative feedback for classroom and individual learning system.BackgroundBlack & Wiliam conducted an extensive research review of more than 250 journal articles andbook chapters on the effectiveness of formative assessment [1]. They proposed that efforts tostrengthen formative assessment produce significant learning gains, and eventually raiseacademic standards in classrooms. Specifically, they pointed out that effective formativeassessment involves collecting evidence about how students make progress during learning andmaking necessary instructional

Conference Session

The Role of Engineering in Integrated STEM--uh STEAM--uh Education!

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bettina J. Casad, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Mariappan Jawaharlal, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

event and the responses were analyzed and compared against acontrol group consisting of 66 students. The theory of planned behavior was used to predictstudents‟ plans for future STEM education. The results of this study suggest that the roboticsprogram based on the guided discovery approach is successful. The success of this program ledto a follow-up study to measure students‟ perceived math and engineering ability, difficulty,STEM attitudes, and intentions to obtain good math grades. The second study indicated thatmany of the positive outcomes of this program persisted six months later.BackgroundScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in the United Statescontinues to garner national concern.1 A National Academies

Conference Session

Global Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph East, Michigan Technological University; Genevieve Gierke, Michigan Technological University; Mary Raber, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

during this summer, teaching the skillsthey have learned to others. The final year is Figure 1. Curriculum breakdown forspent working on capstone projects reflecting on a typical engineering student. Thethe coursework and international experience and percentage of class types taken for a Page 25.887.3continuing the advancement of the program. bachelor’s of science degree is shown. Figure 2. Distribution of general education

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Curriculum Issues

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Henry Clark, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Two-year Institutions Help Fill the STEM Pipeline

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elaine P. Scott, Seattle Pacific University; Hannah F. Azevedo, Seattle Pacific University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

, “Engaging the Community to Achieve Success in Engineering”(ECASE), is to encourage and enable academically talented, but financially needy students fromlocal community colleges to enter the workforce or continue in graduate studies followingcompletion of a baccalaureate degree in electrical engineering at Seattle Pacific University. Ourspecific objectives are to 1) provide community college transfer students (our ECASE Scholars)with full ($10,000/year) or partial ($5,000/year) scholarships for up to three years to completetheir electrical engineering degrees in our program, 2) increase significantly the diversity of ourincoming engineering students, 3) maintain retention rates significantly above national averages,4) increase the number of well

Conference Session

Computer and Informtion Technology-related Issues

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Se Jun Song, Texas A&M University, College Station

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

marketing [4][5][6]. To better develop entrepreneurial capabilities of undergraduatestudents, in this paper, we are proposing a novel multidisciplinary entrepreneurship environment(both a new course curriculum and a supporting team program) where students can be taughthow to develop a successful application instead of just a mediocre non-profitable toy application.Current Course CurriculumOur Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Technology (EET/TET) Programs havebeen developing “Mobile Computing Application Development with Android” course from 2009based upon up-to-date technologies [1]. The current course does allow teams of engineeringtechnology students to learn how to develop mobile applications in Google’s Androidenvironments. As

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Che, Geneva College; David Allen Clark, Geneva College; David W. Shaw, Geneva College; James S. Gidley, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

technical elective credits11. For underclassmen, depending on their level ofinvolvement and contribution to the project, we offer them from 1 to 3 credits of independentstudy that would count towards their engineering elective requirements in the general BSEprogram.The first year we had one student who was heavily involved with the construction and testing ofthe vehicle in the final months and went to the competition with the team. The 2nd year he was Page 25.891.6able to help the new team members get up to speed on the project. The second year we had twofreshmen and two juniors helping with design work, fundraising and fabrication of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Warren, Kansas State University; Xiongjie Dong, Kansas State University; Tim J. Sobering, Kansas State University; Jason Yao, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

(see Figure 1). The myDAQ platform (an NI USB-6009 upgrade) addsa ±5/±15 V power supply (0.5W), a software-controlled function generator (frequency ≤ 100kHz), a digital multimeter, and two audio I/O jacks. It hosts two analog inputs (16-bit, 200 kS/s),two analog outputs (16-bit, 200 kS/s), and 8 TTL/CMOS digital I/O lines. Drivers and VIs arebased on the NI ELVISmx software11 used with NI ELVIS II12. Available VIs include anoscilloscope, a waveform generator, a digital multimeter, a power supply, a digital I/O interface,and a frequency-domain Bode analyzer. Page 25.892.3 Figure 1. National Instruments myDAQ® personal instrumentation

Conference Session

Construction Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Michael Korman P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lonny G. Simonian, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Construction

. In addition, the laboratory would be furnished with work stations for twenty-six (26) students who would have twenty-four (24) hour/seven (7) days of weekaccess to the space.Creation of the integrated project based construction management curriculumPrior to the implementation of the new integration of the integrated curriculumstudents were required to complete individual courses in project controls,construction estimating, construction contracts and law, construction jobsitemanagement, concrete formwork, and temporary structures (Table 1). The originalcurriculum also required students to complete a standalone course in buildingmechanical systems and in building electrical systems. Students were required totake an individual construction

Conference Session

Spatial Visualization

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaomin Dong, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

existingEngineering Graphics course have been made as lessons learned.1. IntroductionAs part of the professional development portion of the NSF – ENGAGE grant, the KetteringUniversity ENGAGE team attended the ENGAGE conference in February 2010. A Plan ofAttack in spatial visualization was developed. It includes five phases starting from Springsemester 2010. Currently at Kettering University, “Technical Graphical Communications(MECH-100)” is a core course for Mechanical Engineering (ME) students at freshman level. It isan elective course for students in other programs such as Industrial and ManufacturingEngineering (IME), Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECS), etc.According to the studies by Sorby [1, 2], well-developed spatial skills have been shown to

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacie Caple D'Alessandro, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

. Throughoutthis section, these four areas will be briefly mentioned. However, a more in-depth look at eachof these components will be discussed in later sections.Supplemental Instruction LeaderThe Supplemental Instruction (SI) program[1] supported by the Academic Success Center atClemson University was one of the first motivating factors leading me toward a future career inacademia. In this program, undergraduate students led three one-hour study sessions per weekfor a course they had successfully earned an “A” average in during a previous semester. Thesessions typically consisted of additional practice problems and activities for students in thecourse. The SI Leaders attended class with the students, allowing the sessions to be tailored tothe material

Conference Session

Innovative Learning, Comparative Learning Analysis, and Lessons Learned

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Helge Bohn, Virginia Tech; Manfred J. Hampe, Technische Universität Darmstadt

Tagged Divisions

International

up as aBologna 3+2 program, but was released as a minor adjustment to the existing five-year DiplomIngenieur degree program (Figure 1, left-hand side), and was offered as such for the following Allgemeiner Maschinenbau Mechanical and Process Engineering Das Bachelorstudim “Mechanical and Process Engineering umfasst 6 Semester. Das Maschinenbaustudium

Conference Session

First-year Programs Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Worley, University of North Dakota; Jeremiah J. Neubert, University of North Dakota; Naima Kaabouch, University of North Dakota; Mohammad Khavanin, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

progress was assessed through nine homework assignmentsand three exams. Students that completed the course and received a passing grade were allowedto register for calculus even if their original placement score would have prohibited them fromdoing so. Page 25.897.4Methods of AssessmentThe evaluation plan for the bridge program in this study centers on implementing assessmentmodels in three impact areas: student learning, engineering retention rates, and instructionaltools. Table 1 summarizes evaluation goals for each impact area, assessment method, or vehicleused, and performance indicators or markers for success of the participants.Table 1:Summer

Conference Session

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, East Carolina University; Carrie S. Dossick, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Construction

in CEM education. The research scope for this paper is limited to theextensive literature review.The pursuit of these objectives generates the following questions about BIM and its potentialimpacts on CEM education:  What efforts have been made in CEM programs to reflect the BIM needs of the industry?  What issues have been found in implementing BIM in CEM curriculum? Page 25.898.3  Which topics should be introduced in CEM education?To address these questions, an extensive literature review was conducted 1) to explore BIM’simpact on the industry; 2) to study the published cases of BIM implementation in CEMcurriculum; 3) to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University; Richard A. Hall Jr., Cochise Community College; Phil Blake McBride, Eastern Arizona College; Rakesh Pangasa, Arizona Western College; John M. Saber, Mohave Community College; Clark Vangilder, Central Arizona College; Anita Grierson, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

the availability ofmore scholarships to help support engineering students. However, just providing money tostudents does not ensure their success. Henceforth in this paper, the term “engineering” shallinclude both engineering and computer science.Research has shown the high school GPA and math SAT scores best predict retention andgraduation in engineering, while verbal SAT scores correlated negatively with graduation in fiveout of eight universities.1 Other research has shown that “student services focused support andacademic courses to help students improve their ability to be successful in applying engineeringconcepts early in the engineering education” can improve student success and retention.2 FourNSF grants have been leveraged, NSF S

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Genock Portela-Gauthier, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Rosaurelis Marín Ramírez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Paola Pacheco Roldan, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

”.Engineers and non-engineers alike widely characterize engineering as a discipline whose purposeis to “solve problems”, and this is often framed as “design”1. Despite movements since at leastthe 1990’s to reform engineering education to integrate design throughout the curriculum,including during the freshman year, engineering curricula remain dominated by “linear” and “topdown” models that postpone the introduction of design. In this standard model, basic math andscience (“analysis”) courses are given during the first two years, followed by application of thisknowledge to conduct basic engineering analysis during the second and third years, andculminating in engineering design (e.g., capstone design projects) during the last year2, 3. Theinherent

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Ehlig-Economides, University of Houston (CoE); Sukesh K. Aghara, Prairie View A&M University; Sarma V. Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Reza Toossi, California State University, Long Beach; Anthony R. Kovscek, Stanford University; Mehmet Ayar, Texas A&M University; Emily Binks-Cantrell, Texas A&M University; Don R. Gilman P.E., Texas A&M University; Dennie L. Smith, Texas A&M University; Timothy Allen Robinson, Pennsylvania State University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

AC 2012-3235: LIVE ENERGY: AN INITIATIVE FOR TEACHING EN-ERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY TOPICS WITH THE MOST UP-TO-DATEAND RELEVANT CONTENT.Dr. Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M UniversityDr. Sukesh K. Aghara, Prairie View A&M University Sukesh Aghara is a tenured Associate Professor at Prairie View A&M University (PV) in the Department of Chemical Engineering (nuclear), a member of the Texas A&M University System. He is the PI/Director of the $1 million per year, five-year, NSF CREST Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability. His expertise includes radiation shielding analysis and experimental design, applications of nuclear analytical techniques, and nuclear energy and security.Dr. Sarma V

Conference Session

Engineering Education and Comparative Studies at Universities throughout Asia, Far East

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Ratnajeevan Herbert Hoole P.E., Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

International

Wesleyan Methodist Mission’s Seminary in Jaffna (1834), is certified by theColonial Secretary Sir James Emerson Tennent in a letter dated March 23, 1848 to RufusAnderson, DD, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions as “entitled torank with many an European University.”1 Jaffna is the cultural capital of the Tamil minority ofSri Lanka, who occupied the North and East as the dominant majority while being scattered overthe rest of Sri Lanka where the majority Sinhalese predominate (Fig. 1). The curriculum atBatticotta consisted of “In the Academical Department, Algebra, Euclid, Conic Sections, NaturalPhilosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Logic, Rhetoric, Mental and Moral Philosophy, Paley’sNatural Theology, Butler’s Analogy, Classical

Conference Session

Exploration of Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy L. Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

releasedCouncil of Graduate School’s publication, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2000-20103 is alsoincluded.The focus of trends in the higher education landscape is based on some relatively recent andrapid changes. The changes and trends affecting graduate education fall into the followingthemes:  Enrollment trends; with a note on gender balance and demographics  Cost and accountability;  The job market and job preparation, and  Rigor and undergraduate student preparation for graduate study.Trend 1: Enrollment ProjectionsAccording to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), college enrollments overallare anticipated to increase through 2020, even though high school enrollments will flatten ordecline slightly.4 The growth is

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan M. Hill, University of Hartford; Devdas Shetty, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

inexpensive than the priorsystem, in particular, it is more multi-disciplinary, providing entirely new educational value. Thesystem allows students to more closely study principles involved in sampling and signalconditioning, as well as the opportunity to study data acquisition software, but without involvingintensive programming. These goals were achieved with an inexpensive acquisition systemalong with two software tools, namely Python and MATLAB.The overall system comprises the experimental apparatus, signal conditioning electronics, a dataacquisition module, and a host computer. The experimental apparatus includes a laser, reflectivefilm, and a position sensitive device (PSD), arranged as in Figure 1. A change in position dy ofthe reflective film

Conference Session

Innovative Uses of Technology and Techniques for Laboratory Exercises

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kirstie A. Plantenberg, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

(without doing the calculations) and keep itinteresting?” The solution presented here is, “The addition of hands-on experiments thatreinforce the concepts and examples presented in class.” It is the goal of many teachers to weave hands-on experiences into the traditional lectureformat. It has been shown, that among other benefits, hands-on learning helps studentsremember what they are being taught [2-5]. It was clear (at least to me) that what the “Design ofExperiments” class needed was “EXPERIMENTS!” This sentiment is echoed in a paper byWilliam G. Hunter [1] , a noted statistical text book author. Hunter stated that students get plentyof practice analyzing data through homework, but little or no practice designing a realisticexperiment

Conference Session

Integration of Research and Education in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

joshua fabian, Villanova University; Tyler A. Young, Villanova University; James Peyton Jones, Villanova University; Garrett Miles Clayton, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

from within the Matlab / Simulinkenvironment, and then to implement these designs directly on a hardware platform coupled to theKinect system. Students develop their designs using interconnected Simulink blocks andsubsystems, and the ‘build’ process automatically cross-compiles and downloads the model tothe target for execution. External mode capability can be used to monitor the target hardware asit executes in real time, enabling the user to tune model parameters and log data while theirapplication is running. An example showing how the Kinect can be integrated into a higher levelsystem design is shown as an example.1. IntroductionAdvances in low-cost, high-capability computing and sensing devices offer new opportunities forteaching

Conference Session

Understanding Our Students II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele L. Strutz, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to provide a growing economy, strong health and human services, anda secure and safe nation depends upon a vibrant, creative, and diverse engineering and scienceworkforce”. 1 To contribute to technological advancements, engage in global collaboration,solve complex problems, encourage a more socially just profession, and respond to the predictedshortage of American engineers, it is necessary for this nation’s engineering workforce anduniversity student bodies to be more diverse in its racial, gender, and socioeconomic (SES)representation. The lack of representation in SES is the focus of this research.The purpose of this qualitative study was to give low-SES students an opportunity to share theirstories about the influences that prompted them