Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Jacquelyn E. Kelly, Arizona State University; Dale R. Baker, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

another to promote development of their own deep conceptual of content and aframework for understanding, recalling, and using that knowledge. One tool for this is clickerquestions, for which 104 multiple-choice questions were created that cover the nine coursetopics. Another tool to promote conceptual development is a set of Homework Preview ProblemConcept Map Quizzes where students must fill in blanks on diagrams of conceptual connectionsof materials structure and properties. Also, to engage students in content from mini-lectures,engagement activities were created for every class. Finally, the third principle is for instructors tofoster student metacognition. This was done with an end-of-class Reflection Points question setthat requests students

Conference Session

Ethical Issues I: Sustainability and Environmental Ethics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Painter P.E., Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

ethics. Critical reflection is key to significant shifts of frames of reference. In thiscontext the goal of encouraging students to view engineering ethics through the lens of environmentaljustice issues is motivated by transformation learning theory. During the first half of the semesterlectures covered NEPA and EIA in the conventional manner and research papers were assignedfor EIA case studies. Beginning at midterm the relationship of environmental justice issues toNEPA and EIA were introduced and subsequent case study assignments also involvedenvironmental justice issues. For these case studies, the student’s role played the variousstakeholders on both sides of the case study issues. Anecdotally the impact of the interventionwas immediately

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Patrick Walton, Michigan State University; Amanda Portis Malefyt, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

response was mixed, though primarily positive (Figure 2). Comments from the end-of-term course evaluations also reflected this dichotomy: • I don't like that you wanted us to struggle with the homework and waste our time. My time is precious. • I liked everything in the class except the fact [that] we did book homework before we learned it. • Homework, online homework, and lectures all went together nicely. • His set up of the homework/glossary/Sappling [sic] made sure you did the work first and had an understanding of the material before it was covered in lecture. • I think that I've learned more in this class in one semester than any other class I've taken here.The principal complaint about the course

Conference Session

New and Innovative Ideas

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Thomas Malcolm, University of Virginia; Jennifer L. Chiu, University of Virginia; Edward Pan, University of Virginia; M. David Burghardt, Hofstra University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

combined with a student-driven-inquiry teaching style16. Similarly, WISEngineering will incorporate non-linear onlinenavigation elements and will emphasize students’ deep exploration of content. Building upon these approaches, we developed WISEngineering to support authenticengineering design, to foster reflection through the documentation student work, as well as toencourage collaboration among peers.Supporting Authentic Engineering Design Learning from inquiry or design-based approaches depends on careful, appropriate choiceof tasks. Chinn and Malhotra17 define a continuum of scientific inquiry from simple to authentic,with school science often occurring on the simple end, involving over-simplifications and fewdecisions made by the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence E. Whitman, Wichita State University; Don E. Malzahn, Wichita State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

inproblem solving teams when their unique skills, abilities, or knowledge can contribute to theshared objectives. Part of this development makes use of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® StepII. This assessment provides scores on 40 facets of the eight Myers-Briggs Types. An objectiveof the course is to help students develop a richer vocabulary for thinking about themselves andothers. An individual’s clearest facets are used in the course by each student as part of theirweekly reflections on assigned readings. A visual display of the team’s integrated vocabulary isused as a guide in team decision making. A standard transition from Sensing to iNtuitive toThinking to Feeling then back to Sensing is used as students learn to transition between

Conference Session

The Designer of 2020: Innovations in Teaching Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin G. Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jennifer Mueller PE P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michael Robinson P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

thedepartment’s course lesson plans in the late 1980’s. Assessment of student learning aboutapplication of sustainable design principles became a specific criterion of the engineering impactstudent outcome in the department’s assessment plan in 2008.Results of student work assessment presented in the paper demonstrate that, although studentscould reflect thoughtfully on sustainability principles, they struggled to demonstrate rational,comprehensive application of these principles to the design process. The evidence suggested adifferent approach to learning sustainable design was needed. Dialogue with practitioners andindustry experts reminded the department that sustainable design is just “good engineering” thathas been present in the curriculum for

Conference Session

Community Engagement in Engineering Education: Program Models

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Light, Lewis-Clark College

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

. It is hoped, that through adescription of the project genesis, chronological description of events, identified learning goals,and a description of the reflection and relationship to assessment and project improvement, thisproject could be replicated elsewhere.Tsang2 specifies four essential components for service-learning in engineering as: 1) identify acommunity need that matches course learning objectives and form a partnership; 2) create andimplement a solution; 3) evaluate that solution for continuous improvement; and 4) engagestudents in structured reflection. The wheelchair ramp service-learning project described in thispaper meets these four essential components as described below.Statics and dynamics are the study of forces on

Conference Session

Integration of Research and Education in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuen-Yan Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Wai Yin Ng, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

lesson for Information Security, a case whichdescribed an online bookstore with clients complaining about stolen account andunauthorized transactions were given, and students were asked to investigate into the possiblecauses, and proposed corresponding solutions.Coaching during an inquiryAfter the problem and the expected deliverables are clearly explained, the inquiry process canthen begin. In the lessons, learners conduct inquiry collaboratively in groups, they fullyanalyze and comprehend the problem, plan how to investigate, and summarize and reflect onthe results. Scaffolding aid is critical in this step and is provided in terms of short lecture,reference web sites, hands-on experiments, and guided activities. These scaffoldings wereprovided

Conference Session

Outreach Activities and Introductory Materials Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tasha Zephirin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mohammad Mayy, Norfolk State University; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tanya S. David, Norfolk State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

will describe the development of an outreach activity for middle and high schoolstudents by Graduate Trainees, including initial approaches and revisions based on anecdotalobservations made from previously conducted workshops. Reflections from the Trainees willalso be included in an effort to understand how doctoral students with technical backgroundsdevelop pedagogically-sound materials that translate their research to new educational audiences.The primary goal of the developed workshop is to create an awareness of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) amongst participants and how their use in future applications within the field ofnanotechnology can benefit our society. The workshop provides a guided discussion viaPowerPoint presentation and hands-on

Conference Session

TAC/ABET-related Outcome-based Assessment Methods and Models

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kathryne Newton, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

efficiencies in pursuing the differingaccreditation requirements. The purpose of this paper is to share how the use of sharedlearning outcomes and technology created some advantages for the accreditation process.Also discussed are the challenges and disadvantages of pursuing multiple accreditationprocesses.Purpose of the PaperThe purpose of this paper is to share the experiences of the faculty as they evolved amore efficient way of collecting quality information, reflecting on it and subsequentlydocumenting it in the various self-studies and other evaluative systems required bythe various accreditation bodies. Additionally, the authors desire to: • Highlight the key lessons learned • Advance suggestions for others who seek accreditation

Conference Session

Contextual Competencies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christel Heylen, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven; Jos Vander Sloten, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

christel.heylen@mirw.kuleuven.be 2 Jos Vander Sloten, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Biomechanics and Engineering Design, K.U.Leuven, Belgium Technical communication and technical writing are important skills for the daily work- life of every engineer. In the first year engineering program at KU Leuven, a technical writing program is implemented within the project based course ‘Problem Solving and Engineering Design’. The program consists of subsequent cycles of instructions, learning by doing and reflection on received feedback. In addition a peer review assignment, together with an interactive lecture using clicking devices, are incorporated within the assignments of the

Conference Session

Outreach, Engagement, and Undergraduate Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karinna M. Vernaza, Gannon University; Mahesh C. Aggarwal, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

level of frustration. Additionally, based on the undergraduate reflections, itappears that they understand the overall goal of the project: inspire the participants, withoutoverlooking the benefits that this type of activity provides to their own personal and professionaldevelopment. This has been observed in several of the reflections submitted. A couple ofexcerpts that attest to this statement follow. Reflection 1: “The first item that can be reflected upon is how this activity provided a learning experience for the college students themselves. It may seem like this day is mainly for the younger students, but it is prepared for mostly by college students. This allowed students an opportunity to understand how

Conference Session

Community Engagement in Engineering Education: Program Models

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carrie-Ann Miller LCSW, State University of New York, Stony Brook

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

team tolearn to come to a consensus as to what issue they would like to address, and howthey plan to address it. At the end of the year the students participate in a capstoneevent where they can share with others their process. According to Cathryn BergerKay, M.A., there are five Stages of Service Learning. “They include: Inventoryand Investigation, Preparation and Planning, Action, Reflection andDemonstration”. 8 All our STEM Tech Clubs follow this model.The SISTER mentors and professionals facilitating the groups tie the issue ofconcern to the students various level of curriculum. They share their enthusiasmand knowledge of STEM education and opportunities. The school administratorswork with the groups, as well as teachers to help with this

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Kristine Sheridan, University of Toronto; Greg Evans, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

tool aims to provide students with asafe, virtual environment in which they can: i) learn about their team effectiveness and teamissues, and ii) practice methods to improve on identified areas of weakness before trying themwith their teammates. This on-line tool will serve as a one-stop, on-line portal through whichstudents can access self-reflections and feedback from peer-assessments across different projectteams and track their improvement across different years of their degree. A description of theproposed tool design is provided herein.2. Pedagogical Foundations of the ToolAs discussed above, a student-centred and personalized approach is required to teach team-effectiveness due to the range of student proficiencies. Given the focus of

Conference Session

Problem-based and Challenge-based Learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fatin Aliah Phang, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Syed Helmi Syed Hassan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Mimi H. Hassim, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

phenomenological study was conducted on the categories of variations in students’ perceptions towards learning as they go through a course that fully utilized CPBL in a whole semester. The main purpose is to identify students’ perception towards CPBL in two aspects: the student perceptions and acceptance/rejection, and the benefits and improvements that students gained along the learning process. The paper illustrates the extent of acceptance and effectiveness of CPBL method for an engineering class taught by a lecturer who had undergone a series of training on cooperative learning and problem based learning, but is new to implementing CPBL. Through classroom observations, students’ self-reflection notes and interviews with

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael S. Trevisan, Washington State University; Denny C. Davis, Washington State University; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Jay Patrick McCormack, University of Idaho; Phillip L. Thompson, Seattle University; Paul R. Leiffer, LeTourneau University; Howard P. Davis, Washington State University; Susannah Howe, Smith College; Jennifer E. LeBeau, Washington State University; Robert E. Gerlick, Pittsburg State University; Patricia Brackin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed by engineering graduates to succeed in arapidly changing world? Industry has presented its lists of desired attributes.4 The NationalAcademy of Engineering has defined attributes needed by the engineer of 2020.5 Notable amongdesired abilities are to: communicate effectively across disciplines and cultures, collaborate tocreate practical and innovative solutions, anticipate and adapt to change, and learn fromexperience.6, 7 We must teach students to learn from and innovate amid engineering design andproblem-solving challenges and to use reflection to make new discoveries, gain deeperunderstanding of problems, and find better solutions.8Engineering design courses provide opportunities to develop many important

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Experiences and Assessment in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

4.6 responsibilityWritten communication NR 4.8 4.3 5.3 5.0 4.9Oral communication NR 5.0 3.2 5.6 5.1 5.0Impact of engineering in a NR 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.1 societal contextLifelong learning NR 4.5 3.5 4.7 4.8 5.1Contemporary issues NR 3.6 3.4 4.6 4.6 4.4NR = not rated since the question was not asked that year; items with ratings above 5.0 havebeen highlightedStudents’ Reflective EssaysAll students in the course were required to write reflective essays. This was a

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Cutler, Virginia Tech; Walter Curtis Lee Jr., Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

AC 2012-5183: EASING INTO ENGINEERING EDUCATION: AN ORIEN-TATION PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSStephanie Cutler, Virginia TechWalter Curtis Lee Jr., Virginia Tech Walter Lee is a Graduate Assistant and doctoral student in engineering education at Virginia Tech. His pri- mary research interests focus on diversity and student retention. He earned a B.S. in industrial engineering from Clemson University.Dr. Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa McNair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. Her research includes interdisciplinary collaboration, communication studies, identity theory, and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include

Conference Session

ETD Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aurenice Menezes Oliveira, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

answer of item 3 relate to the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter? Page 25.56.8Experiment 6: Basic Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)Concepts: Impedance matching and mismatching, line loss, reflected wave, cable’s propagationvelocity, matching load, line discontinuities, transmission line characteristic impedance, loadimpedance, reflection coefficient.Objectives: Students become familiar with the use of TDR as a standard procedure in detectingfaults in transmission lines. This technique is especially useful in cases where it is difficult toinspect the transmission line visually such as buried cables. One was the goals of this

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and Technological Policy

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Boz Bowles, Louisiana State University; Paige Davis, Louisiana State University; Warren N. Waggenspack Jr., Louisiana State University; Barbara A. Heifferon, Louisiana State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

visual artifacts in a website. ENGL 2000, however, requiredmore total pages of writing in a greater variety of genres. ENGL 2000 IE 4785 Blog Daily Journal Reflections Excursions Webpage Cultural Analysis Primary Research Daily Assignments Secondary Research Brochure Research Paper Figure 3: The diagram shows the overlap of the class assignments given in ENGL 2000 and IE

Conference Session

Engineering Education for Modern Needs Part I: Non-traditional Learning Methods and Expanding Student Markets

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

will be performing the work?Once the work is organized into a logical collection of related tasks, the next activity of theprogram and project management process is to assign the work to functional organizations, orindividuals, who will be performing the work. This end product is referred to as a ResponsibilityAssignment Matrix (RAM). Page 25.522.5To simplify the transition from the WBS to the RAM, it is assumed there are levels of detail inthe WBS not currently reflected in the above. Given this, the below is a depiction of themapping of work to be performed (WBS) to the individual/organizations responsible forperforming the work. The field

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Ethics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather E. Canary, University of Utah; Joseph R. Herkert, Arizona State University; Karin Ellison, Arizona State University; Jameson M. Wetmore, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

. Due to shorter class meetingtime, Ellison presented the RCR materials over 9 class sessions rather than 5. On the whole,these changes are believed to have strengthened the integrated nature of ethics content deliveryfor these students. More applied content gave more direct opportunities to raise ethical questions.Delivering the RCR content over more sessions provided more sustained reflection on thesetopics.Hybrid ModelBased upon feedback from the Coordination Workshop (1) and the extensive availability ofonline course materials for RCR, the PIs decided to change the online modules envisioned in theproject proposal to a hybrid course model. This permitted maximum use of existing materials forthe online portion of the course and allowed for

Conference Session

Faculty Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; Robert E. Kleine III, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

: The rubric that will be applied (see Table 1 for an example). Details about the activity or assignment that generated the student work. The illustrative activity (see Figure 1) is a reflection paper intended to afford evidence of students’ Page 25.317.3 effectiveness in a team setting. This activity was completed by students in a freshmen engineering course.  Student work examples (artifacts) that illustrate high and low proficiency (each on a separate page; see Figure 2 and Figure 3 for examples),  A score sheet for each artifact to be evaluated (see Table 2 for an example). Table 1: Rubric for the Effectively

Conference Session

Methods, Cases, and Directions

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pil-Won On, University of Missouri, Columbia; Luis Occena, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

experienced a dramaticdifference from receiving appropriate instructional design and development support. Table 1summarizes the path of transformation reflected on the instructor’s perspectives. It highlights 10key features which demonstrate significant difference that the instructor perceived during the Page 25.787.2transformation. Key Features Before Receiving After Working with Instructional Support Instructional Designer 1 Course layout Unit based (6 units) Weekly topic based (15 main

Conference Session

Construction Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James G. Sullivan, University of Florida, Gainesville

Tagged Divisions

Construction

D903-96 – Solar Absorption, Reflectance, and Transmittance  ASTM E1918-97 – Solar Reflectance  ASTM C1371 – 04 – Solar Emittance  ASTM C1549-04 – Solar ReflectanceWater Efficiency Energy Policy Act 1992/2005Energy Efficiency  ASHRAE 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low Rise Residential  ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design

Conference Session

Research in Engineering Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nicola Wendy Sochacka, University of Georgia; Nadia N. Kellam, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2012-4659: CHALLENGES TO ENSURING QUALITY IN QUALITA-TIVE RESEARCH: A PROCEDURAL VIEWDr. Joachim Walther, University of Georgia Joachim Walther is an Assistant Professor of engineering education research at the University of Geor- gia (UGA). He is Co-director of the Collaborative Lounge for Understanding Society and Technology through Educational Research (CLUSTER), an interdisciplinary research group with members from en- gineering, art, educational psychology, and social work. His research interests span the formation of students’ professional identity, the role of reflection in engineering learning, and interpretive research methods in engineering education. He was the first international recipient of the ASEE

Conference Session

How Are We Preparing Our Students for the 21st Century Workforce?

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Lee Gutenson, Western Kentucky University; Jana Fattic, Western Kentucky University; Andrew N.S. Ernest, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

sufficient experiential training. By exposing students to the occupation anddemonstrating their effectiveness as employees in the field, the pathway to a sustainable Page 25.354.3educational program is laid.The Need for Experiential LearningKnowledge is attained in two general forms: either reflective, theoretical acquisition akin toclassroom learning or via practical, experiential routes, such as what an apprenticeship willprovide. The natures of both forms of knowledge acquisition simultaneously overlap and differin specific ways. It is true that classroom learning must be experienced to actually acquire suchknowledge and in order to determine

Conference Session

Global and Cultural Issues in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca N. Macdonald, East Carolina University; David L. Batie, East Carolina University; Ryan T. Goodman, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

goal ofthe University Writing Program is to provide instruction in the kinds of writing students canexpect to do academically and professionally and to provide support for that instruction. Manyargue for “the efficacy of writing as a valuable learning tool in content area courses.”5 TheProgram requires completion of 12 hours in writing intensive courses with at least one upperdivision course in a student’s major. The Department of Construction Management assigned asenior level course, Managing Construction Quality, to fill this requirement according to WACModel 4: Emphasizing a Combination of Writing Approaches. This model allows the instructorto combine academic, professional, and reflective (i.e., writing to learn) writing activities in

Conference Session

Innovatiive Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose F. Espiritu, University of Texas, El Paso; Heidi A. Taboada, University of Texas, El Paso; Connie Gomez, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

assumptions are notalways correct. This activity highlights the need to consider how an audience willinterpret their work given different levels of familiarity with the topic.In Minefield, students are placed in groups of two. One student is blindfolded, while theorder student is tasked with directing their partner through a minefield of objects. Theimmediate result from their interaction highlights how easily simple tasks can bemisinterpreted or not carried out correctly. It demonstrates that even simplecommunication can pose problems to a process.The students are further pushed to improve their communication skills via the use ofweekly reflections of the activities from the LREU group meeting times, various readingassignments, and self-reflection

Conference Session

FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-year Programs Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorelle A. Meadows, University of Michigan; Robin Fowler, University of Michigan; Elizabeth S. Hildinger, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

measures of success for under-represented minority engineering students, including programs administered at the college levelthat include financial assistance, academic intervention, and graduate school preparation andadmission.These studies and resources all point to the need for a transition in engineering undergraduateeducation in the US from the traditional emphasis on the acquisition of technical knowledge tothe integration of innovative learning experiences that more accurately reflect current practiceand more effectively prepare students to meet these demands and to be successful practitioners1.Curricular settings that encourage cognitive and professional growth include hands-on learning,laboratory instruction, and authentic or relevant