Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin W. Burrus, University of Oklahoma; Diana Bairaktarova, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

as entropy. This shows that the majority of the class may be reached using this methodwhile allowing for more specific tools to be used for the rest. 1. Introduction As a disclaimer and assurance of the validity of this study, one must have anunderstanding of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. This theory is a model for the motivators of astudent. The Hierarchy is applied in such a way that if one’s more basic needs are not met, theless basic needs cannot and will not be fulfilled. Education does fit into this model and isrelatively high on Maslow’s Pyramid. Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs1 The pyramid’s foundation is physiological needs. These call for homeostasis and a foodsupply. The next

Conference Session

Dynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shaobo Huang, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; John M. Mativo, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Page 26.886.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Impact of reflective learning practices on students' learning of engineering dynamicsIntroductionEngineering is known as a challenging major that many students withdraw because of lowacademic achievement 1. Component Display Theory defines learning in two dimensions:content and performance 2-4. Content includes accepting facts, concepts, procedures, andprinciples; while performance refers to three phases of learning including remember, application,and generalities. Higher levels in both dimensions suggest a higher understanding degree anindividual gains. However, students’ feedback and assessment results suggest

Conference Session

Microcontrollers, Programming, and Data Acquisition

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Rhudy, Lafayette College; Tobias Rossmann, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. For example, patternrecognition techniques can be applied to musical signals in order to classify a musical artist11. Infact, this form of engineering technology has been implemented into phone applications, e.g.SoundHound, to in order to identify popular music. Since music can be analyzed as a timedomain signal, it provides a natural medium for exploring time domain signal analysis12. Otherresearch has used music as inspiration for improving engineering control systems13. One of themost appealing aspects of integrating music and engineering education is the direct analogiesbetween concepts, examples of which are offered in Table 1. These analogies can serve to eitherapply knowledge of music to better understand engineering, or vice versa

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devshikha Bose, Boise State University; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

in this study, recommendations were made onhow to use mobile learning strategies and devices for effective teaching and learning.Research hypothesisThe hypothesis of this study was that students would find the use of mobile learning strategiesand devices to be efficient means of creating digital content for inclusion in their engineering e-portfolios.The following research questions guided this study:1. What are the perceptions of the effect of using mobile learning strategies and devices onparticipants' creation of individual e-portfolios, as reported through a qualitative analysis of apost-course completion survey?2. What are the perceptions of the effect of using mobile learning strategies and devices onparticipants' creation of

Conference Session

Manufacturing and Machine Component Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali R. Mohammadzadeh, Grand Valley State University; Salim M. Haidar, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

assemblytolerances to principal problems in rotating machinery. It is to be mentioned that, althoughstudents were asked to design the bearings for their designed shaft, the aspects of that design arenot elaborated upon in this paper. The main thrust of the work presented here is to show thedynamic effects of load in shaft design and compare it with the case where only static loads areconsidered. Page 26.470.2Problem StatementA shaft, transmitting 40.12 hp at 1200 rpm, and its bearings are to be designed to support twospur gears C and D (See Fig. 1). Both gears have pressure angle of 20o, and their radial loadsare in the same plane. Gear C is mounted to the

Conference Session

Dynamic Systems and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chan Ham, Kennesaw State University ; Mohsin Mohammad Taufiq, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

mechatronics engineering throughthis hands-on project as an assessment of the design project presented.I. IntroductionA ball-and-beam system is one of the challenging control bench-marking systems integrated intomany practices and techniques [1]. This project will resolve in taking the ball-and-beam conceptand develop a ball-and-plate balancing system. The system will utilize sensors, actuators, andcontrol law to manipulate the servos in a feedback stabilization using three-degree-of-freedomcompensation. This is essentially implementing two ball-and-beam experiments in parallel toconstructing a ball-and-plate prototype.The concept of the ball-and-beam system is a simple system that is an unstable open-loop.Without an active feedback control system

Conference Session

Engineering Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

André J. Butler, Mercer University; William Moses, Mercer University; Stephen Hill, Mercer University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

help solve problems. Laboratory experiences have practically always been used bymechanical engineering educators to instill those fundamentals in students;1-3 and it is,presumably, in the laboratory that undergraduate students learn to fill in for themselves the gapsbetween theory and practice. However, a common problem in the undergraduate laboratory isill- or under-defined learning objectives, which often lead to deficiencies in studentperformance.4 Such a problem existed in mechanical engineering at the Mercer UniversitySchool of Engineering. The overall goal of this paper is to examine the initial results ofcurriculum changes that were made in mechanical engineering to better align learning objectiveswith student performance.BackgroundThe

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yeow Siow, University of Illinois Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

the curriculum.The approach presented herein consists of two parts: tactile and software. In part one, studentsare tasked with sculpting a p-v-T surface using any foodstuffs and bringing the completedsculpture to the following class. In part two, a CAD model is to be created and subsequentlyimported into a freely-available scientific visualization tool, with the best submitted modelselected for 3-D printing. Page 26.938.3Figure 1 below illustrates the process. It begins with adjusting the grading scale to accommodatethe projects. For this project-based approach to succeed, the course syllabus must be modified bythe instructor such that the

Conference Session

New Teaching Pedagogies: Methods and Assessments

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mott, California Polytechnic State University; Steffen Peuker, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

class. Benefits for instructors and administrators include: (1) minimal team facilitation because thegroups tend to develop into self-managed learning teams. (2) TBL is cost effective since it can beused in large classes using the same instructor/TA costs as small classes. (3) There are fewerworries about students not being in class or failing to prepare for class. (4) Student-facultyinteractions are more like working with colleagues when students are prepared for class andinstructors have time to develop personally rewarding relationships with students5. Team-Based Learning DescriptionTeam-Based Learning (TBL) is a specific pedagogical tool that emphasizes collaborativelearning and is distinct from other cooperative or collaborative pedagogies

Conference Session

Manufacturing and Machine Component Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Anstaett Metzler P.E., Ohio State University; Blaine W. Lilly, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Page 26.904.3experiences and skills that are taught in the course, with the intent of giving all the studentsexposure to, and an introductory understanding of,z a wide range of mechatronic designprinciples and practices.Pilot Course ExperienceThe course was developed and initially piloted while Ohio State was still operating under thequarter system, in Autumn 2011 and Winter 2012. The results of the first 10-week quarter pilotcourse, completed by 24 students, were previously reported in References 1 and 18. The original10-week pilot course was divided into several content focus areas, as outlined following. Thefirst five lectures centered on a preliminary design exercise that taught sketching and prototypingand project management techniques

Conference Session

Design Throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Jensen, University of Arkansas; Dennis Beck, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

,even with effective learning aids, engineering education struggles to convey both a depth ofinformation as well as the skills needed to apply that knowledge. A gap in recent graduate’s ability to apply their knowledge in an industrial setting has ledto approaches which integrate more project-based learning6. Specifically, graduates lack decision-making skills7 and skills related to working in open and collaborative settings8. Graduates usuallyhave very little experience working in open-ended projects and understanding exactly what sets ofdecisions need to be reached to achieve a final engineering design. The missing skill sets canbroadly be described as: 1) Making effective design decisions to select between alternatives tosatisfy

Conference Session

Microcontrollers, Programming, and Data Acquisition

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean Patrick Kirby, University Of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Julius Omokiniovo Ejenavi, Morgan State University; Payam Matin, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

to engage a team of students 1) to design a data acquisition system usingNational Instrument hardware and Labview to collect strain data during high speed deformationtesting 2) to design a data processing program to process the strain data collected to stress-straingraph 3) to conduct a number of high speed deformation material testing to validate theperformance of the data acquisition system designed.Students implemented the fundamentals of instrumentation, graphical programming,computational methods and solid mechanics to design the data acquisition system for a SHPB. Aworking prototype of the data acquisition system is integrated and tested. Preliminary testsdemonstrate that the performance of the system is as desired. In this paper, the

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University; Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Liping Liu, Lawrence Technological University; Selin Arslan, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

crane thatused fluid power for material handling11. The motivation for this work was twofold: to facilitatedeep learning about fluid power in a design sequence for the enrolled students and to develop aplatform for future classroom and laboratory sessions on fluid power and associated topics. Thestudents developed a pneumatic gantry crane with two degree-of-freedom motion (left-right andup-down) capable of meeting the structural, load capacity, and user interface requirements. Thecompleted gantry crane is shown in Figure 1. Page 26.1174.3 Figure 1. Student-designed fluid-powered gantry crane.During validation of the student

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenifer Blacklock, Colorado School of Mines; Jered H Dean, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

 opportunity  for  the  faculty  to  take  a  fresh  look  at  the  curriculum  and  begin  to  implement  significant  changes  throughout  the  curriculum,  starting  with  ‘design’  and  enhancing  students’  abilities  to  solve  open-­‐ended  design  problems.  Having  approximately  250  ME  students  graduating  every  year,  this  proved  to  be  a  difficult  feat  in  itself.      One  of  the  key  desired  changes  to  the  ME  program  included  implementation  of  open-­‐ended  design  problems  or  challenges  throughout  the  degree  program.  As  stated  by  Simon  et  al,  Design  is  widely  considered  to  be  the  central  activity  of  engineering.1  The  desire  to  implement  these  open-­‐ended  design  challenges  was  aided

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Pfotenhauer, University of Wisconsin, Madison; David J. Gagnon, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Michael Litzkow, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Christine Maidl Pribbenow, Wisconsin Center for Education Research

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, developed by Wagner and Pruss9. The values for all other thermodynamicproperties, such as specific enthalpy (h), specific entropy (s), and specific internal energy (u), canbe determined at each location, or state. Figure 1 displays the 3D world presented by the initialversion of the thermo-game—“thermo-golf.” Figure 1. Game view of 3D – PvT space provided by thermo-golfThe EOS provided by Wagner & Pruss9 is valid for the fluid water and extends from the meltingcurve, to temperatures up to 1273 K and pressures up to 1000 MPa. This range enablesexploration into the sub-cooled liquid, superheated vapor, two-phase (liquid-vapor), and criticalregions. Properties for the solid phase are, however, not available. Because all of the

Conference Session

Dynamic Systems and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel J Cox, University of North Florida; Lawrence K. Mao, University of North Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

exercises. A series of experiments in systemidentification augment a pre-requisite, junior-level dynamic systems modeling and analysiscourse (EML 4312), a pre-requisite to the laboratory course (EML 4301L) in the mechanicalengineering curriculum. Experiments in control systems are used to augment a senior-levelcontrol of machinery course (EML 4313), a co-requisite course to the laboratory course asillustrated in Figure 1. Laboratory equipment is utilized by the one-credit, senior-level laboratorycourse (EML 4301L) in system dynamics and control that bridges the junior-level, three-creditcourse in dynamic systems to the senior-level, three-credit course in control systems. Figure 1: Course Relationship DiagramThe

Conference Session

Design Throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoman; Lucas Balmer, University of Oklahoma; Warren F. Smith, UNSW, Canberra, Australia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Learningstatements are completed through experiential learning and are written in the form shown in thebottom of Figure 1. Page 26.537.3 Figure 1: Learning Statement StructureOur objective in this paper is to understand the effects of authentic design problems ondevelopment of student competencies. We track the change overtime of student competenciesusing self-reported student data. The collected information on student competencies can serve asa baseline, so that AME4163 can be improved to enhance learning and the development of careersustaining competencies by our graduates. In the following section the basis of

Conference Session

Dynamic Systems and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Estelle M. Eke, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

understanding of the theory by providing real world applicationsthat foster research and design. Bernard M. Gordon [1] presented a review of several institutionsin the United Kingdom and Australia that adopted PBL in different types of engineering courses,and the positive impact the approach had on assessment. Students were encouraged to work ingroups and document their progress throughout the process. Fernandez-Samaca et al[2] designedan undergraduate electrical engineering control system course using PBL. A series of coursesthat had both lecture and laboratory components were offered with the project being the centralelement in the approach. Enikov et al[3] developed the Aeropendulum Project which is a low-costhands-on experiment suitable for a

Conference Session

Manufacturing and Machine Component Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Youssef, California State University, Northridge; J. Michael Kabo, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

have retained many of the traditional pedagogies used in teaching machine design andsupplement this educational experience with a significant project component based on currentcustomer-need or economical challenge. Through the project students learn to: 1) create thedesign envelop based on a provided statement or requirement document; 2) define specific,meaningful, and measurable goals; 3) synthesize creative ideas to solve the problem; 4) performa patent search to verify the innovative nature of their ideas; 5) produce a design matrix withevaluation criteria based on the goals and expected functionality; and 6) perform an in depthengineering analysis based on mechanics of materials, manufacturability, assembly, andpackaging. The inclusion of

Conference Session

Dynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Bevill, Colorado Mesa University; Kelly Bevill, Colorado Mesa University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

asmartphone.The purpose of this communication is to describe the development and implementation of a laboratoryexercise to allow students to (1) use smartphones to collect kinematic data during a routine activity(driving an automobile), and (2) compare acceleration values measured using the on-board accelerometerwith acceleration values calculated from position and velocity data collected using the on-board assistedglobal positioning system (A-GPS).Materials and Methods - Smartphone Application Development and Data CollectionThe smartphone application was developed using the XCode 5 integrated development environment forApple mobile devices. When the application is activated, the smartphone’s built-in A-GPS is used toobtain position and velocity data

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luis E Monterrubio, Robert Morris University; Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Education, 2015 A Hands-on Approach in Teaching Machine DesignIntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to present a modified curriculum for a Machine Design course. Themodified curriculum aims to provide students with hands-on experience in the development ofnew products following procedures used in the research and development departments in theindustry. The hands-on laboratories included in the course Machine Design are carried out afteran introduction to the design philosophy presented by Eggert 1 and most of the first two parts ofthe textbook by Budynas and Nisbett2. The design philosophy included in this course splits thedesign process in five phases1 (formulation, concept design, configuration design, parametricdesign

Conference Session

Research and Multidisciplinary Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nina Robson, California State University, Fullerton; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Hassanein Jaleel Radhi, California State University, Fullerton

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

a Multidisciplinary Mechanical Design Laboratory Sequence based on Faculty ResearchAbstractResearchers have shown that the incorporation of hands-on design projects in the first two yearsof college provides mastery that increases the likelihood of success in engineering [1-8].Integrating real world design problems, based on faculty on-going research, into the curriculumduring the freshman years is without a doubt extremely beneficial; however the process requiresa heavy commitment in faculty time and sometimes resources.This paper discusses preliminary results of introducing faculty on-going research toundergraduate students, in a form of a lab sequence, focusing on student-centered approachessuch as active cooperative

Conference Session

Research and Multidisciplinary Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard F. Keltie, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

results of an advanced analytical model that predicts the idealbehavior of the velocity sensors operating in water. Based on these model results, the studentswere then given two tasks: 1) define the necessary characteristics of a sensor mounting systemthat would allow the sensor to function as desired; and 2) design a suspension system that wouldallow for the necessary mounting behavior, and provide the physical interface between thereplacement sensors and the existing sensor support system. The actual physical dimensions andweights of the various system components were given to the students as constraints in theirdesign development. The educational goal of this effort was to engage students in a challengingand timely project that combines

Conference Session

Statics and Finite Element Analysis

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francesca G. Polo, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

strategies. They outlinedteaching methods that can be integrated into a curriculum to teach the complex cognitive skillsthat experts employ when they apply knowledge to perform complex and or realistic tasks(Collins et. al.1, p. 4). This set of methods merges the traditional model of apprenticeship withthe concepts of situated learning and legitimate peripheral participation of Lave and Wenger. 2 Page 26.1687.2

Conference Session

Microcontrollers, Programming, and Data Acquisition

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University; Jeff Shelton, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

of these systems as shown in Figure 1.Mechanical systems may include thermal or fluid systems, solid mechanics, dynamics andvibrations. Electronic systems may include sensors, actuators, power systems, andcommunication systems. Control methodologies including digital logic, state machines, andfeedback control theory may be used to direct device actions. Computer systems may includeboth the use of computers in the design phase and the integration of microprocessors into thefinal product. The study of mechatronics is, by nature, interdisciplinary.   Figure 1. The interdisciplinary nature of Mechatronics.11Integrated mechatronic design seeks to use a

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Benson, Arizona State University; Haolin Zhu, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

sections during the Fall 2014 semester. As anIntroduction to Engineering, this course provides a general foundation for the study of engineeringand serves as a first exposure to the Engineering design process. While this course focuses onaspects of the Engineering design process, such as decision matrices and project management, thecourse also introduces limited Physics and Mathematics content in service of the given designproject for the term. As a General Engineering course, students in a given section will have anumber of different declared majors and, while the class is considered introductory and most ofthe students are considered “Freshmen”, there are generally a number of students in each sectionwho have upper-level standing. Table 1 shows

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ken C Stanton, Colorado State University; Thomas H. Bradley, Colorado State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

,academic needs assessment, exemplified in the creation of a hybrid-electric vehicle engineering(HEVE) program for undergraduates and graduate students at Colorado State University (CSU).The program that was created is used as a case study to illustrate how the process and results ofthe needs assessment guide creation of the learning objectives and program details, so thatreaders can readily utilize this process for their own needs.2. MethodsThe needs assessment process applied was designed by the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA) [1]. This methods is applied and documented (in a more narrativeformat) here with only minor modifications required to apply the process to engineeringcurriculum objectives development needs assessment

Conference Session

Engineering Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Schertzer, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Patricia Iglesias, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Kate N. Leipold, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); John D. Wellin, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto for his work characterizing the motion and mixing of droplets in Digital Microfluidic Devices. He continued as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Toronto where he focused on the design and commercialization of a point of care Digital Microfluidic device. During this time, Dr. Schertzer was also a sessional lecturer at Ryerson University (Toronto, ON) where he taught (1) Integrated Manufacturing and (2) Design of BioMEMS. Since joining RIT, Dr. Schertzer has had the opportunity to teach (1) Thermodynamics I, (2) Engineering Measurements Labo- ratory, and (3) Laboratory Applications in Mechatronics.Dr. Patricia Iglesias, Rochester Institute of

Conference Session

Microcontrollers, Programming, and Data Acquisition

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Mikesell, Ohio Northern University; John-David S. Yoder, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

completionof the course, students will be able to: 1. Complete a flowchart of how to solve a problem; 2. Use a computer program to solve an engineering problem; 3. Correctly and clearly plot the results of calculations; 4. Program a microprocessor; and 5. Use software to accurately represent a 3-dimensional object.Prior to this curriculum change, mechanical engineers were not all exposed to microprocessorprogramming. A number of students employed them in club, competition, or capstone projects,but this was generally a minority. Department faculty decided to seize the opportunity in thisnew course to introduce microcontrollers to all mechanical engineering students. Not only is itan engaging way of exercising and reinforcing recently

Conference Session

Design Throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert T. Bailey P.E., Loyola University Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

subject theirparts to physical testing to verify that certain performance requirements had been met. This alsoallowed them to compare the deflection predictions (made using FEA) with the actual deflectionsunder load. The overall goal of these changes was for the students to come to a clearerunderstanding of how the successful and informed execution of FEA in the design process couldpositively affect the ultimate performance of their designs.The effectiveness of this active, project-based learning approach was assessed through instructorevaluation of student performance, student questionnaires, and solicitation of oral comments.Written student evaluations of the experience indicated that the students (1) enjoyed actuallyseeing their products come